530 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
June  20,  1901. 
and  greenhouse  oat  flowers,  distinct  (Orchids  excluded). — First,  Sir 
J.  W.  Pease,  Bart.,  M.P.  ;  second,  Mr.  W.  H.  Battie-Wrightson. 
eighteen  bunches  hardy  border  flowers,  not  less  than  nine  distinct. — 
First,  Messrs.  Harkness  &  Son ;  second,  Messrs.  G.  Gibson  &  Co., 
Leeming  Bar ;  third,  Sir  J.  W.  Pease,  Bart.,  M.P. ;  fourth,  Mr.  G.  Cottam. 
Twelve  bunches  hardy  border  flowers,  distinct. — First,  Messrs.  Hark- 
ness  &  Son  ;  second,  Sir  J.  W.  Pease,  Bart.,  M.P. ;  third,  Messrs. 
G.  Gibson  &  Co.  Hardy  cut  flowers.  —  First,  Messrs.  Harkness 
and  Son ;  second,  Messrs.  G.  Gibson  &  Co. ;  third,  Mr.  W.  Hutchinson, 
Kirbymoorside.  Floral  designs  were  effective,  the  chief  exhibitors 
being  Messrs.  Perkins  &  Son,  Coventry;  Mr.  C.  E.  Simpson,  Soar- 
borough  ;  and  Mr.  J.  Summers,  Sunderland.  Others  in  this  section 
included  Mrs.  M.  Hodgkins,  West  Didsbury,  for  a  group  of  flowers 
for  the  decoration  of  dining  table  ;  second,  Mr.  G.  Webster  ;  third,  Mr. 
J.  Summers.  Ornamental  stand  of  flowers  and  foliage  for  entranoe  hall 
or  staircase. — First,  Mr.  J.  Summers ;  second,  Mr.  G.  Cottam  ;  third, 
Rev.  G.  Yeats.  Hand  basket  of  out  flowers. — First,  Messrs.  W.  Artin- 
dale  &  Son  ;  second,  Messrs.  Perkins  &  Son  ;  third,  Mr.  W.  Vause. 
Hand  basket  of  cut  flowers,  Orchids  excluded. — First,  Messrs.  Perkins 
and  Son;  second,  Messrs.  W.  Artindale  &  Son;  third,  Mr.  W.  Vause. 
Two  bridal  bouquets. — First,  Messrs.  Perkins  &  Son  ;  second,  Messrs. 
W.  Artindale  &  Son  ;  third,  Mr.  J.  Summers.  Two  ball  bouquets. — 
First,  Messrs.  Perkins  &  Son;  seoond,  Messrs.  W.  Artindale  &  Son; 
third,  Mr.  J.  Summers ;  extra  third,  Mr.  J.  Kirk,  Stockport.  Two  hand 
bouquets. — First,  Messrs.  Artindale  &  Son ;  second,  Mr.  J.  Kirk  ;  third, 
Messrs.  Perkins  &  Son ;  extra  third,  Mr.  J.  Summers.  Single  bouquet. 
— First,  Messrs.  Perkins  &  Son ;  second,  Messrs.  W.  Artindale  &  Son ; 
third,  Mr.  J.  Kirk. 
For  forty-eight  Fancy  Pansies,  dissimilar. — First,  Mr.  J.  Smellie, 
Glasgow ;  second,  Mr.  I.  Ramsden,  Halifax.  Twenty -four  Fancy  Pansies, 
dissimilar. — First,  Mr.  J.  Smellie  ;  second,  Mr.  I.  Ramsden.  Twenty- 
four  Show  Pansies,  dissimilar. — First,  Mr.  J.  8mellie;  second,  Mr. 
I.  Ramsden. 
Fruit  and  Vegetables. — Sir  J.  W.  Pease,  Bart,  (gardener,  Mr.  J. 
Mclndoe)  Hutton  Hall,  gained  the  first  prize  for  a  decorated  table  of 
fruit.  The  varieties  were  Blaok  Hamburgh  and  Muscat  of  Alexandria 
Grapes  (11)  points)  ;  Cherries,  Early  Rivers  and  Bigarreau  de 
Sohreken  (9)  points)  ;  Figs,  Brown  Turkey  (5)  points)  ;  Nectarines, 
Early  Rivers  (5  points)  ;  Peaches,  Early  Alfred  and  Grosse  Mignonne 
(10  points)  ;  Plums,  Early  Transparent  Gage  and  Count  Althann’s  Gage 
(10-|  points)  ;  Melons,  Best  of  All  and  Hntton  Hall  Green  Flesh 
(10  points)  ;  Strawberry  Royal  Sovereign  (5  points)  ;  Pear  Clapp’s 
Favourite  (5  points) ;  6  points  were  awarded  for  beauty  of  flower  and 
foliage;  for  harmonious  blending  of  colour  6  points  ;  making  a  total  of 
90.  Mr.  C.  E.  Simpson  came  second  ;  and  Mr.  J.  Sinclair,  York,  third. 
For  a  collection  of  fruits,  four  kinds,  excluding  Pine. — First,  Lord 
Barnard;  second,  Earl  of  Derby;  third,  Sir  J.  W.  Pease,  Bart.,  M.P. 
Pine  Apple. — First,  Exor.  of  Mr.  J.  Corbett,  Droitwich  ;  second,  Lord 
Barnard.  Three  buncheB  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes. — First,  Mr.  A. 
Wilson ;  second,  Earl  of  Londesborough ;  third,  Lord  Barnard.  Three 
bunches  of  white  Grapes. — First,  Lady  Beaumont,  Carlton  Towers ; 
second,  Lord  Barnard  ;  third,  Sir  J.  Pease,  Bart.,  M.P.  Six  Peaches. — 
First,  Earl  of  Feversbam ;  second,  Mr.  J.  D.  Ellis ;  third,  Mr.  W. 
Sheepshanks.  Six  Nectarines. — First,  Earl  of  Derby;  seoond,  Mr.  J. 
Summers;  third,  Sir  G.  Meyrick,  Bart. ;  fourth,  Earl  of  Londesborough. 
Scarlet-fleshed  Melon. — First,  Earl  of  Londesborough ;  second,  Lord 
St.  Oswald ;  third,  Earl  of  Derby.  Green-fleshed  Melon. — First,  Earl 
of  Londesborough;  second,  Colonel  F.  C.  T.  Gascoigne;  third,  Colonel 
Harrison -Broadley.  White-fleshed  Melon.— First,  Mr.  J.  Summers; 
second,  Mr.  H.  Thellusson  ;  third,  Earl  of  Londesborough.  Six  Figs. — 
First,  Mr.  A.  Wilson;  second,  Marquis  of  Ripon  ;  third,  Earl  of 
Feversham.  Cherries. — No  first ;  second,  Earl  of  Londesborough.  Straw¬ 
berries.— First,  Earl  of  Derby;  second,  Mr.  H.  Thellusson;  third,  Mr.  R. 
Stead.  Twelve  Tomatoes. —  First,  Mr.  W.  H.  Battie-Wrightson  ;  seoond, 
Earl  of  Londesborough;  third,  Mrs.  W.  Upjohn.  Prize  offered  by 
Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons  — Vegetables,  six  distinct. — First  Lord  Aldenham  ; 
teoond,  Sir  J.  W.  Pease,  Bart.,  M.P. ;  third,  Earl  of  Lathom.  Prizes 
offered  by  Messrs.  Webb  &  Sons. — Vegetables,  six  distinct. — First,  Lord 
Aldenham;  second,  Sir  J.  W.  Pease,  Bart.,  M.P. ;  third, Earl  of  Lathom. 
The  following  exhibitors  were  awarded  gold  medals : — Messrs.  R. 
Smith  &  Sons,  for  decorative  plants  and  bunches  of  cut  flowers ;  Messrs. 
Cutbnsh  &  Son,  for  stove  and  greenhouse  plants;  Messrs.  Rivers  and 
Son,  for  fruit  trees  in  pots ;  Messrs.  Perkins  &  Son,  for  best  single 
exhibit  of  floral  design;  Messrs.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Chelsea,  for  Gloxinias 
and  Kalanchoes. 
Cambridge  Horticultural,  June  12th. 
The  summer  show  of  this  Society  was  held  on  the  same  date  this 
year  as  last.  The  weather  was  cold,  but  remained  fine  throughout. 
']  he  society  has  had  a  long  period  of  existence,  having  been  instituted 
so  far  back  as  1824.  At  one  time  groups  of  plants  were  a  special 
feature  of  the  Cambridge  Flower  Show  ;  now,  however,  these  have  been 
almost  all  dispersed.  Beautiful  collections  of  cut  blooms  are  always  to 
the  fore,  and  on  this  last  occasion  the  Roses  were  particularly  attractive. 
Messrs.  B.  R.  Cant  &  Sons  of  Colchester  won  for  the  thirty-six 
distinot  varieties  ;  Messrs.  Prior  &  Son,  Colchester,  coming  seoond,  and 
Mr.  George  Prince  third.  Messrs.  B.  R.  Cant  &  Sons  were  again  first 
for  twenty. four  varieties,  with  Messrs.  D.  Prior  &  Son,  and  Messrs. 
Frank  Cant  &  Co.,  Colchester,  in  this  order.  The  latter  led  the  way  in 
the  olaes  for  twelve  distinct  Tea  and  Noisette  Roses,  followed 
respectively  by  Mr.  G.  Prince,  and  Messrs.  B.  R.  Gant  &  Sons.  It  will 
thus  be  seen  that  the  honours  in  the  Rose  classes  were  pretty  evenly 
divided. 
Plants  were  represented  by  groups  of  100  superficial  feet  arranged 
for  effect.  Mr.  P.  L.  Hudson  beat  Mr.  W.  Bond.  For  ten  distinot 
Orchids  in  bloom  Mr.  P.  L.  Hudson  was  also  awarded  first  prize. 
Amongst  the  limited  number  of  fruit  and  vegetable  exhibitors  the 
ohief  winners  were  Mr.  H.  G.  Fen  for  fifty  heads  of  Asparagus ;  Mr. 
A.  Matthew  for  a  basket  of  salad ;  Mr.  W.  A.  Brisooe  first  for  a 
collection  of  eight  kinds  of  vegetables,  and  Mr.  A.  Matthew  seoond. 
The  former  also  won  for  a  Melon,  and  Mr.  A.  Matthew  for  one  bunch 
of  Grapes.  In  the  sections  devoted  to  plants  and  out  flowers  we  noted 
as  principal  winners  the  names  of  Messrs.  A.  E.  Bester,  Dr.  Sandys, 
W.  Bond,  P.  L.  Hudson,  Hobday  &  Son,  A.  Matthew,  J.  Catling, 
W.  Dobbs,  F.  W.  Miller,  A.  Chater,  and  A.  Collin  Lunn. 
Canterbury  Gardeners’. 
At  the  fortnightly  meeting  on  Tuesday  Mr.  Fairweather  was  very 
highly  commended  for  six  Tomatoes  and  a  plant  of  Malmaison 
Carnation,  and  obtained  a  certificate  for  six  Peaches  and  a  spray  of 
Malmaison  Carnation.  Mr.  Andrews  was  very  highly  commended  for  a 
basket  of  cut  flowers,  while  Mr.  Noble  was  highly  commended  for  a 
white  Cactus  and  two  Malmaison  Carnations.  An  excellent  paper  on 
“  Carnations  ”  was  read  by  Mr.  Sage  of  Bifrons. 
National  Amateur  Gardeners’  (Liveipool  Branch). 
A  small  flower  show  was  held  on  Thursday,  the  13th,  in  the  Common 
Hall,  Hackins  Hey.  The  great  event  of  the  evening  centred  in  the 
President’s  prize  for  cut  flowers.  Mr.  Robins  was  the  most  successful, 
staging  amongst  other  things  some  lovely  Catherine  Mermet  Roses,  whilst 
Miss  Francis  came  a  good  second.  Many  sprays  of  Violas  or  Pansies 
were  staged,  so  good  that  the  judges  divided  the  first  and  seoond  prize 
between  Mrs.  McGregor  and  Mrs.  Stevenson.  The  latter  lady  had  a 
pretty  Pelargonium  for  the  President’s  prize,  and  Mrs.  McGregor,  some 
choice  out  Pelargoniums.  Irises  were  lacking  in  variety,  and  Mrs. 
Stevenson  succeeded  in  obtaining  the  prize.  Mr.  Dodd  had  a  choice 
Adiantum  for  first  prize  Fern,  and  won  a  high  percentage  of  points  for 
a  good  Cattleya  Mossise.  Mr.  Robins  was  a  good  first  with  Fancy 
Pansies,  Miss  Hunter  unfortunately  being  disqualified  for  a  fine  stand 
containing  a  highly  marked  Viola.  The  Zonal  Pelargoniums  from  tie 
latter  lady  were  deserving  of  every  oredit.  Several  small  oversights  on 
the  part  of  Mrs.  Morris  prevented  her  from  getting  a  very  high  position. 
A  lovely  spray  of  Fern  and  Nerium  Oleander  from  Miss  Hunter,  and 
one  of  Niphetos  Roses  from  Mrs.  Stevenson,  tied  for  first  honours.  A 
very  valuable  lecture  on  the  origin  of  cultivated  plants  was  delivered 
by  Miss  Wood,  who  had  evidently  grasped  the  subjeot  in  a  way  that 
left  nothing  to  be  desired. — R.  P.  R. 
Royal  Institution. 
Mimetic  Insects. — At  the  evening  meeting,  on  Friday,  June  7th,  of 
the  Royal  Institution,  which  was  the  concluding  one  of  the  season, 
Professor  R.  Meldola  gave  a  discourse  on  “  Mimetic  Insects.”  The 
Duke  of  Northumberland  was  in  the  chair,  and  among  those  present 
were  Lord  Gort,  Lord  Justice  Stirling,  Sir  William  Crookes,  Sir  James 
Crichton  Browne,  Mr.  Alfred  Russell  Wallace,  Professor  Dewar,  Professor 
E.  B.  Poulton,  and  Professor  Silvanus  P.  Thompson.  The  leoturer  began 
by  pointing  out  that  the  more  or  less  perfect  resemblance  exhibited  by 
insects  to  their  environment  in  form,  colour,  and  habit,  was  an  undoubted 
fact,  whatever  theories  might  be  held  as  to  its  significance.  The  effect 
of  such  adaptation  was,  on  the  whole,  concealment;  it  either  helped  the 
insect  to  escape  its  enemies,  or  to  approach  its  prey  undetected. 
Instances  of  such  protective  and  aggressive  colouring  were  to  be  found 
by  any  observant  person  in  the  country  at  the  present  time,  and  iu 
certain  extreme  cases  the  resemblance  was  perfect  down  to  the  most 
minute  details.  The  leaf-butterfly  and  the  stiok  insect  were  familiar 
examples,  and  of  British  species  various  common  caterpillars  were 
modified  in  colour,  form,  and  attitude,  to  resemble  their  food-plants. 
Allowing  that  such  modifications  are  useful,  there  was  no  tenable 
explanation  of  them  except  that  of  Darwin  and  Wallace,  and  if  natural 
selection  was  not  evident  in  such  cases,  then  it  was  not  to  be  found  in 
the  natural  kingdom.  But  some  species,  so  far  from  adopting 
protective  measures,  seemed  to  flaunt  their  brilliant  colourings,  and 
this  led  Wallace  to  his  theory  of  warning  colours.  He  suggested  that 
insects  possessed  of  some  inherent  distasteful  qualities  might  find  it  to 
their  advantage  to  hang  out,  as  it  were,  danger  signals  in  the  shape  of 
gaudy  colours,  and  much  experimental  evidence  had  accumulated  i  i 
favour  of  the  view  that  such  species  were  more  or  less  exempt  from 
persecution.  The  latter  part  of  the  lecture  was  devoted  to  a  discussion 
of  cases  of  mimicry,  in  which  some  creatures  seemed  to  assume  a 
resemblance  to  others  of  quite  different  speoies — e.g.,  moths  to  hornets. 
Giving  several  illustrations  in  which  different  species  seemed  to  have 
converged  to  a  common  type,  the  lecturer  explained  the  Mullerian 
principle,  that  the  larger  the  number  of  species  moulded  on  a  oomm'->n 
type  that  had  come  to  be  regarded  as  inedible,  the  smaller  the 
percentage  of  loss  suffered  by  any  particular  speoies.  The  lecture  w  is 
illustrated  with  a  large  number  of  slides,  many  of  whioh  were 
photographs  in  natural  colours. — (“  The  Times.”) 
