July  10,  1902. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
43 
succeeding  growth  to  one  leaf  as  made.  In  addition  to  this  treat-  ; 
ment,  it  is  desirable  to  lay  in  some  young  rods  either  to  fill  vacant 
places,  or  to  take  the  room  now  occupied  with  old  wood 
which  probably  needs  removal.  Vines  are  always  benefited  by 
an  occasional  refurnishing  with  young  rods.  The  bunches  must 
be  thinned  out  to  not  more  than  one  on  a  shoot,  the  berries  also 
in  each  bunch  being  carefully  and  regularly  thinned.  Afford 
adequate  supplies  of  moisture  to  the  roots,  this  being  an  import¬ 
ant  matter  in  maintaining  health,  vigour  and  steady  progress. 
\\  ith  moisture  thus  present  in  the  soil  additional  help  can  be 
given  to  aid  the  swelling  of  the  berries,  liquid  manure  proving 
most  sustaining.  To  check  rapid  evaporation  during  dry,  hot. 
periods,  a  mulching  of  manure  placed  over  the  roots  will  prove 
beneficial.  Copious  waterings  can  also  be  given  over  this  with 
advantage. 
STONE  FRUITS. — If  plenty  of  attention  can  be  given  to 
Plums,  Cherries,  Apricots,  Peaches  and  Nectarines  in  laying  in  the 
summer  growths  so  as  not  to  be  crowded,  the  fruits  thinned  to 
a  number  which  the  trees  can  properly  carry  without  undufc 
strain,  the  soil  kept  moist  and  the  root  fibres  numerous  and 
active,  it  is  almost  certain  the  fruit  will  swell  to  a  fair  size,  be 
of  good  quality  and  ripen  well.  At  the  same  time  the  wood  for 
the  succeeding  year  will  gradually  strengthen  and  ripen  off.  A 
little  bonemeal  or  potassic  and  phosphatic  manure  mixed  with 
good  loam  and  applied  as  a  top-dressing  will  be  of  great  service 
to  the  majority  of  stone  fruits,  especially  to  those  where  the  active 
state  of  the  fibrous  roots  renders  the  trees  in  a  fit  condition  to 
take  advantage  of  the  assistance. 
OUTDOOR  FIGS. — The  young  wood  of  Fig  trees  should  be 
laid  in  in  quantity  sufficient  to  fill  the  vacant  places,  and  no  more. 
It  is  positively  ruinous  to  crowd  the  growths,  nor  should  they 
be  shoitened,  but  laid  in  at  full  length.  The  superfluous  shoots 
cut  out  entirely.  Abundance  of  fibrous  loots  near  the  surface 
will  require  a  heavy  mulching  of  manure.  Occasional  copious 
supplies  of  water  will  also  be  necessary  in  dry  weather.— East 
Kent. 
Fruit  Forcing. 
CHERRY  HOUSE. — After  the  fruit  is  gathered  the  chief 
object  is  to  secure  the  plumping  or  perfect  formation  of  the  buds 
by  keeping  the  foliage  clear  of  every  description  of  insect  pest, 
syringing  abundantly,  and  if  necessary  applying  an  insecticide. 
Red  spider  is  the  most  troublesome,  and  must  be  suppressed,  as 
it  otherwise  destroys  the  foliage;  paraffin,  softsoap,  bos  to 
4  gallons  of  water,  with  loz  of  potassium  sulphide  added,  is  very 
effective  against  that  and  other  pests,  including  parasitic  fungi. 
Although  less  moisture  is  needed  than  when  the  fruit  is  swelling, 
yet  there  should  be  sufficient  moisture  at  the  roots  to  maintain 
the  tree  in  a  healthy  condition.  Trees  in  pots  from  which  the 
fruits  are  gathered  may  be  placed  outdoors  in  the  full  sun, 
plunging  the  pots  in  ashes.  Water  as  -required  to  keep  the  soil 
moist,  and  syringe  in  the  evening  of  hot  days,  paying  particular 
attention  to  keeping  the  foliage  free  fi-om  pests. 
VINES.— IN  POTS  FOR  EARLY  FORCING.— Cut-back 
Vines  that  were  started  early  will  have  completed  their  growth 
and  have  the  energies  concentrated  on  the  perfecting  of  the  buds 
and  the  storing  of  essential  matter  for  the  support  of  the  next 
season’s  growth  in  the  early  stages.  The  supplies  of  water,  how¬ 
ever,  should  be  lessened,  discontinuing  syringing,  or  only 
having  recourse  to  it  occasionally,  and  moderatiixg  the  supplies 
of  liquid  nutriment  or  wTater  at  the  l'oots.  Admit  air  freely,  and 
afford  all  the  light  pi'acticable  to  the  principal  foliage.  If  the 
canes  do  not  ripen  well  keep  through  the  day  at  85deg  to  95deg 
by  moderating  the  ventilation  and  admit  air  freely  at  night. 
EARLY  HOUSES. — When  the  Gi-apes  are  cut  the  Vines 
should  be  well  syi'inged  to  free  them  from  such  accumulations  as 
dust  and  the  invading  hosts  of  such  pests  as  red  spider  and 
thrips.  If  scale  or  mealy  bug  has  obtained  a  footing,  some 
approved  insecticide  should  be  used  against  them,  or  the  Vines 
may  be  syringed  with  a  mixture  of  paraffin  oil  and  water,  using 
a  wineglassful  to  4  gallons  of  water,  one  person  syringing  into 
the  vessel  so  as  to  keep  the  oil  well  mixed  with  water  whilst 
another  individual  applies  it  evenly  to  the  ATines,  it  being 
important  that  they  and  every  part  of  the  house  be  well,  but 
not  excessively,  wetted,  for  without  that  the  eradication  of  the 
pests  will  only  be  partial.  The  application  should  be  repeated 
two  or  three  times  at  intervals  of  about  four  days,  the  free  oil 
being  far  more  effective  than  when  einulsified,  though  not  a  safe 
application  on  young  foliage,  but  quite  innocuous  to  the  Vines 
after  the  fruit  is  cut.  Keep  the  borders  sufficiently  moist  to 
preserve  the  foliage  in  good  condition,  it  being  better  to  mulch 
them  lightly  with  partially  decayed  manure  than  to  supply 
heavy  waterings  at  frequent  intervals  to  keep  the  soil  from 
cracking.  Allow  a  little  extension  of  the  laterals,  as  this  tends 
to  keep  the  roots  active,  and  to  preserve  the  principal  leaves 
in  health,  or  if  these  fall,  prevents  the  starting  of  their  cor¬ 
responding  buds. 
LATE  HOUSES. — Late  Grapes,  intended  to  hang  or  keep  all 
the  winter,  should  have  a  final  thinning,  removing  the  smallest 
berries,  and  where  too  crowded  allow  every  berry  full  space  for 
development.  Late  Grapes  should  be  more  severely  thinned 
than  eaidy  and  midseason  ones,  yet  leaving  sufficient  berries  to 
foi'm  symmetrical  bunches,  such  as  will  retain  their  form  when 
dished,  and  have  a  good  appearance.  Inside  borders  should  be 
kept  well  supplied  with  water,  afterwards  following  with  liquid 
manure  or  a  top-dressing  of  some  approved  artificial  manure,  and 
work  in  moderately.  A  light  mulching  of  partially  decayed 
lumpy  manure,  sweetened  horse  droppings  being  most  suitable 
for  heavy  soil,  and  cow  manure  for  light,  poorer  soils,  would 
lessen  the  necessity  fox-  watering,  and  would  attract  the  roots 
to  the  sui'face,  and  nourish  them.  Likewise  outside  borders  must 
have  attention  for  watering,  feeding,  and  mulching  as  circum¬ 
stances  require.  Regulate  the  young  growths  as  needed,  adopt¬ 
ing  the  extension  ratlier  than  the  restrictive  system  where  there 
is  room  for  it  without  crowding,  keeping  all  gross  laterals  stopped, 
so  as  to  cause  an  equal  flow  of  the  sap  throughout  the  Vines.  As 
the  peidod  of  scalding  has  arrived,  though  most  common  when 
the  berries  have  completed  stoning  and  begin  changing  for  ripen- 
ing,  then  taking  the  final  swelling,  it  will  be  necessary  to  guard 
against  it  by  increased  night  temperature,  or  Godeg  to  70deg,  and 
abundant  ventilation,  so  as  to  reduce  the  atmospheric  moisture 
or  prevent  the  air  heating  more  rapidly  from  sun  heat  than  the 
berries.  After  the  berries  are  advanced  in  colouring  danger 
from  scalding  is  past,  then  the  fire  heat  may  be  economised  by 
reducing  the  ventilation  early,  so  that  the  sun  may  raise  the 
temperature  on  fine  afternoons  to  90deg  or  95deg. 
YOUNG  VINES. — The  canes  of  this  season’s  planting  should, 
provided  the  light  is  not  too  much  obstructed,  be  allowed  to  grow 
unchecked,  it  being  presumed  they  are  to  be  cut  back  to  the 
bottom  of  the  trellis,  or  to  three  buds  for  growth  another  year  at 
the  winter  pruning,  but  the  laterals  must  not  be  allowed  to  inter- 
fei'e  with  the  leaves  that  feed  the  buds  at  their  bases  and 
expected  to  fruit  next  season.  Supernumeraries,  on  the  other 
hand,  intended  for  next  year’s  fruiting,  may  be  regularly  stopped 
at  a  length  of  7ft  or  8ft,  pinching  tlie  laterals  to  one  leaf  as 
made,  except  those  fi-om  the  uppermost  part  of  canes,  which  at 
the  first  stopping  should  be  allowed  a  little  more  latitude.  When 
growth  is  completed  the  latei-als  ought  to  be  gradually  removed, 
takiixg  care  not  to  start  the  main  buds,  so  as  to  induce  the 
thorough  l-ipening  of  the  wood.  Afford  water  liberally,  mulching 
and  keeping  the  surface  moist,  so  as  to  encourage  surface  roots. 
Maintain  a  moist  atmosphere  by  frequent  sprinkling  of  available, 
surfaces,  and  syringe  the  Vines  on  fine  afternoons,  closing  early 
to  attain  a  heat  of  90deg  to  9.5deg.  Ventilate  freely  through  the 
early  part  of  the  day  to  ensure  a  short -jointed,  thoroughly  solidi¬ 
fied  growth. 
- «♦•♦* - 
Meteorological  Observations  at  Chiswick. 
Taken  in  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society’s  Gardens  at  Chis¬ 
wick,  height  above  sea  level  24  feet. 
Date. 
Direction  of 
Wind. 
Temperature  of  the 
Air. 
Rain. 
Temperatui  e  of 
the  Soil. 
At  9  A.M. 
© 
1932. 
June 
and 
July. 
At  9  A.M. 
Day. 
Night 
At 
1-ft. 
deep. 
At 
2-ft. 
deep. 
At 
4- ft. 
deep. 
Lowest 
Temperatur 
on  Qrass. 
Dry 
Bulb. 
Wet 
Bulb. 
*3 
CO 
<x> 
A 
bo 
5 
Lowest. 
deg. 
deg. 
deg. 
deg. 
Ins. 
deg. 
deg. 
deg. 
deg. 
Sunday  ...29 
S.E. 
76-8 
66-9 
79-8 
61-0 
0-02 
64 '3 
60-2 
55-5 
463 
Monday  ...30 
S.E, 
71-2 
62-5 
80-2 
51-5 
0-29 
64-2 
€0'4 
55-7 
40-7 
Tuesday...  1 
S. 
594 
58-0 
71-7 
56-8 
0’44 
64-0 
60-8 
55-9 
46-3 
Wed’sday  2 
N.E. 
550 
500 
62  2 
48-8 
— 
62-2 
60*5 
56-2 
41-9 
Thursday  3 
N.W. 
6T6 
54-9 
66-3 
43-3 
— 
600 
600 
55-3 
34'5 
Friday  ...  4 
W.S.W. 
62-5 
56-0 
77-0 
46-8 
— 
600 
59-6 
56-3 
38-5 
Saturday  5 
W.N.W. 
65'9 
61'8 
78-2 
49-0 
62-5 
59-6 
56'8 
48-5 
Total. 
Means  ... 
64  6 
5S-6 
73-6 
51-0 
075 
62  5 
60'2 
561 
42-4 
There  were  thunder-storms  at  the  beginning  of  the  week,  since 
which  time  the  weather  has  been  warm  and  bright. 
Trade  Notes. 
The  Corporation  of  Stockport  have  just  accepted  the  design 
and  estimate  of  Messrs.  Messenger  and  Co.,  Limited,  horticul¬ 
tural  builders,  Loughborough  and  London,  for  a  large  range  of 
glass  houses  at  Vernon  Park. 
The  sale  of  the  freehold  estate  known  as  The  Hale  Farm 
Nurseries,  Hanworth,  Middlesex,  and  of  Crook  Lodge,  Crook 
Log,  Bexley  Heath,  and  two  acres  of  land  adjacent,  utilised  for 
Begonia  culture,  is  announced,  and  will  take  place  at  The  Mart, 
Tokenhouse  Yard,  E.C.,  on  the  28th  of  July,  at  2  p.m.  For 
conditions  of  the  sale  apply  at  67  and  68,  Cheapfcid'S 
London.  E.C. 
