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JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER 
July  31,  1902. 
ing  as  a  play,  and  everyone  seems  satisfied  at  the  success  of  the 
new  movement. 
The  Nature-Study  Association  have  brought  together  many 
scores  of  peoples,  schools,  and  societies  all  with  kindred  aims  and 
sympathies ;  it  has  shown  to  everybody  what  everybody  else  is 
doing;  it  has  shed  through  this  exhibition  many  a  new  idea  and 
many  a  new  plan  to  teachers  and  learners,  and  may  very  possibly 
have  inspired  as  many  others  to  make  a  far  fuller  use  of  their 
time  and  opportunities.  One  of  the  finest  features,  too,  is  the 
presence  at  the  exhibition  of  publishing  firms  and  trading 
naturalists  who  are  supplying  literature  in  the  one  case,  and 
naturalistic  specimens  for  study  in  the  latter  instance.  We  trust 
their  good  work  in  the  two  sections  may  be  duly  rewarded. 
The  exhibition  is  divided  into  groups,  Group  A,  for  instance, 
being  devoted  to  contributions  from  agricultural  and  horticul¬ 
tural  colleges  and  schools,  experimental  farms,  agricultural 
departments  of  universities  and  university  colleges,  and  similar 
institutions.  Under  Group  A  the  various  entries  are  enumerated. 
Thus:  1,  Board  of  Education,  Whitehall,  leaflets  and  circulars; 
2,  Board  of  Agriculture,  Whitehall,  leaflets  on  birds,  insects, 
plants ;  3,  The  Yorkshire  College,  Leeds,  which  has  a  lai’ge 
number  of  objects  ;  and  then  follow  the  various  other  colleges  with 
their  displays. 
In  the  horticulture  section  one  finds  an  interesting  group 
which  comprises  the  parent  species  of  Boses,  Carnations,  Pinks, 
and  Begonias,  backed  by  their  highly  developed  descendants 
known  to  gardeners  in  the  present  day.  The  children’s  garden 
plans  and  diaries  are  of  interest,  and  show  the  course  of  the 
theoretical  and  practical  instruction  given  by  the  County  Council 
lecturers.  In  the  conservatory  there  are  collections  of  seeds 
and  seed-vessels,  shown  in  pigeon-holed  boxes,  and  many  hundreds 
of  dried  collections  of  plants,  also  drawings  of  flowers,  leaves, 
stems,  and  seeds.  Many  of  them  are  coloured,  and  most  of  them 
are  exceedingly  well  executed.  Photographs  of  children  working 
in  the  school  gardens,  and  of  Nature-Study  parties  out  in  tho 
fields  and  woods,  form  quite  a  feature  everywhere. 
The  more  elaborate  and  meritorious  exhibits  are  those  of 
masters  and  their  assistants  in  the  colleges,  where  model 
geographical  sections  of  districts,  showing  the  hill-ranges,  the 
streams,  the  valleys,  and  all  other  features  to  scale,  are  displayed. 
In  some  of  the  maps  the  flora  and  fauna  of  these  islands  are 
shown  along  with  the  physical  features. 
Dried  collections  of  grasses,  useful  and  useless,  form  yet 
another  feature,  and  there  is  ocular  demonstration  on  testing  the 
amount  of  transpiration  in  leaves,  also  on  root  pressure  and 
assimilation  (showing  the  principle  of  osmosis),  not  omitting 
experiments  in  growing  and  feeding  plants  with  and  without 
certain  chemical  manures.  A  germinating  box  with  glass  sides 
showed  the  sprouting  methods  of  a  number  of  different  seeds, 
and  a  small  specimen  tree  which  showed  six  methods  of  grafting 
could  not  fail  to  be  generally  instructive.  Prizes  and  certificates 
were  awarded  for  plans  of  gardens,  and  some  splendid  work  was  on 
view.  Add  to  these,  the  collections  of  moths,  butterflies,  birds’ 
eggs,  British  reptiles,  birds,  and  hives  of  bees  at  work,  and  it 
must  be  conceded  that  a  most  successful  exhibition  has  resulted. 
Thirteen  medals  and  sixty  certificates  were  awarded. 
Birmingham  Gardeners'  Outing. 
The  annual  outing  took  place  on  the  16th  inst. ,  and  was 
attended  by  about  sixty  of  the  members  and  lady  friends,  the 
venue  being  Rangemore  Hall,  the  seat  of  Lord  Burton,  near 
Burton-on-Trent.  The  weather  was  all  that  could  be  desired. 
Arriving  at  Burton  about  ten  o’clock  on  the  Midland  Railway, 
the  party  was  at  once  conveyed  to  Rangemore  by  Bass’s  Brewery 
vehicles,  specially  apportioned  for  outings.  The  six  miles’  drive 
was  much  enjoyed,  through  chiefly  Oak-treed  pasture  land,  bear¬ 
ing  heavy  crops  of  hay,  and  the  Thorn  hedges  and  bushes 
charmingly  bedizened  with  Dog  Roses  and  Woodbine  in  wild 
profusion.  Arriving  at  the  prettily  flower-gardened  village  of 
Rangemore,  a  visit  to  the  comparatively  small  church,  a  special 
object  contained  in  it  being  the  identical  plain  bench-like  seat 
occupied  bv  His  Majesty  King  Edward  VII.  when  visiting  Lord 
Burton  in  February  last.  The  party  then  proceeded  through  the 
adjacent  entrance  to- the  gardens,  amidst  a  multiplicity  of  flourish¬ 
ing  specimens  of  such  as  Wellingtonias,  Cedars,  and  other 
Conifers,  Hollies,,  &c.  As  Mr.  Bennett,  the  head  gardener,  was 
unavoidably  absent,  his  two  foremen,  Messrs.  C’ulwick  and 
Jennings,  were  deputed  to  conduct  the  visitors  through  the 
extensive  ranges  of  fruit  and  plant  structures.  The  crop  cf  fruit 
evidenced  high  cultured  skill,  as  also  the  plant  department  ;  and 
notable,  too,  were  the  hedges  of  Rosa  rugosa  and  climbing  Roses. 
Tree  Carnations  were  a  feature,  and  are  the  favourite  flower  of 
Lord  and  Lady  Burton.  After  having  perambulated  the  extensive 
pleasure  grounds  an  inspection  of  the  principal  rooms  inside  the 
imposing  mansion  was  much  appreciated,  and  rendered 
additionally  so  by  virtue  of  the  King’s  visit.  Returning  to 
Burton,  the  party,  after  partaking  of  a  substantial  luncheon, 
visited  the  famous  Bass  and  Co.’s  Breweries,  and  were  conducted 
by  the  chief  brewers  and  other  officials  through  some  of  the 
various  departments.  The  processes  of  cork-making  were  highly 
interesting,  and  the  now  famous  mashtub  used  by  the  King  was 
of  course  an  object  of  lively  interest,  and  the  process  of  washing 
was  minutely  described  by  Mr.  Sullivan,  the  brewer-in-chief,  and 
who  had  the  honour  of  instructing  the  King  in  manipulating  the 
machinery  thereof.  The  visitors  were  also'  conveyed  by  the  firm’s 
private  train  and  line  to  the  ale  vaults,  upwards  of  a  mile  distant, 
and  were  shown  the  two  cellars  containing  the  vast  numbers  of 
casks  containing  “  the  King  ”  brew.  Though  not  actually 
admitted,  they  were  yet  se,en  through  the  strongly  bolted  open- 
barred  doors.  The  visit  was  concluded  by  the  train  extending  the 
tour  through  the  miles  of  lines  connected  with  other  breweries, 
besides  the  network  of  Bass’s.  Tea  was  served  at  one  of  the 
hotels,  when  Professor  W.  Hillhouse,  Birmingham  University  (the 
president  of  the  association)  proposed  that  a  hearty  expression  of 
thanks  be  conveyed  to  Lord  Burton  for  the  kind  privilege  granted 
the  party,  seconded  by  Mr.  John  Pope. 
Disease  in  Lilium  giganteum. 
We  offer  the  following  in  answer  to  “  J.  P.,”  who  sent 
decayed  bulbs  of  this  handsome  Lily. 
The  stem-root  portion  was  completely  rotted,  and  the  roots 
quite  dead.  There  was  nothing  observable  to  the  naked  eye  or 
even  a  pocket  lens  but  a  few  animal  organisms,  or  so-called 
insects,  that  are  usually  associated  with  decaying  vegetable 
matter.  On  placing  a  bit  of  the  decayed  root-stem  under  the 
microscope,  it  was  found  swarming  with  eelworm  in  all  stages 
from  the  so-called  egg-sacs,  larvxe,  encyst,  up  to  peiffect  form. 
It  appears  a  species  of  eelworm  closely  allied  to  root-knot  eel- 
worm,  Heterodera  radicicola,  but  the  mouth  cavity  appears 
destitute  of  the  very  fine,  sharp  protrusive  boring  dart  possessed 
by  H.  radicicola,  and  the  ova  are  not-  enclosed  in  the  body  of 
the  female  parent,  the  cyst,  or  egg-sac,  but  scattered  irregularly 
through  the  tissues  of  the  root,  hence  cannot  be  derived  from 
the  pear-shaped  bodies  and  motionless  forms  of  pregnant  root- 
knot  eelworm. 
The  eelworm,  therefore,  found  in  your  Lilium  giganteum 
root-stem  belongs  to  a  species,  the  adult  females  of  which  are 
wandering  freely  within  the  root,  depositing  their  eggs  gradu¬ 
ally  as  they  wander  about.  The  larvae  also  differ  in  size  and 
shape  from  those  of  H.  radicicola,  being  short  and  blunt-tail 
ended,  very  closely  resembling  the  root-stem  eelworm,  Tylen- 
chus  obtusus.  It  is  the- same  species  evidently  that  sometimes 
attacks  Banana  root-stems,  and  may  occasionally  be  found  in 
the  root-stems  of  Bamboos. 
The  eelworm,  certainly  an  unnamed,  if  not  unknown  species, 
has  probably  found  a  most  suitable  host  in  the  root-stems  of 
some  m onocoty  1  ed on o u s  plants,  found  only  so  far  on  those  of 
Bamboos,  Bananas,  and  Liliums,  yours,  as  regards  the  latter,, 
being  the  first  recorded  instance,  and  in  this  case  it  was  probably 
introduced  along  with  the  bulb  or  roots.  Probably  the  best 
treatment  would  be  that  of  dressing  the  land  some  time  in 
advance  of  planting  with  basic  cinder  phosphate,  21b  per  square 
yard,  and  fib  kainit  as  advised  for  root-knot  eelworm  by  Mr. 
W.  Dyke,  in  The  Journal  of  Horticulture,  mixing  well  with 
the  soil  and  stirring  well  before  planting. 
In  the  case  of  infested  plants,  perhaps  a  mixture  of  eight 
parts  basic  cinder  phosphate  and  three  parts  kainit,  mixed, 
applying  jib  of  the  mixture  per  square  yard,  would  have  a  good 
effect,  it  being  sprinkled  on  the  surface  about  the  plant, 
lightly  pointing  in  and  afterwards  watering,  as  usual.  To 
encourage  growth,  a  light  dressing  of  nitrate  of  soda  would 
probably  be  advantageous,  applying  loz  per  square  yard. 
- 4-en - 
The  Grand  Vizier  of  Uganda  at  Sutton’s. 
His  Excellency  the  Katikero  (Prime  Minister  of  Uganda), 
accompanied  by  His  secretary  and  the  Rev.  Ernest  Millar,  who 
acted  as  interpreter,  visited  Reading  on  the  21st  inst.  The  party 
was  met  at  the  station  by  the  Deputy  Mayor  and  Town  Clerk, 
and  subsequently  the  party  were  driven  to  Messrs.  Sutton’s  Trial 
Grounds,  where  they  were  much  interested  in  flowers  and  vege¬ 
tables,  many  of  which  varieties  are  now  in  use  in  Uganda;  and 
after  signing  their  names  in  Messrs.  Sutton’s  visitors’  book,  they 
attended  a  luncheon  given  in  their  honour  by  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Martin  Sutton  in  the  Abbey  Hall,  to  which  a  large  number  of 
leading  members  of  the  Church  Missionary  Society  were  invited. 
After  the  loyal  toasts,  the  Prime  Minister,  in  a  long  and  most 
interesting  speech,  gave  an  account  of  the  introduction  of  the 
Gospel  into  Uganda  as  a  result  of  Stanley’s  first  visit,  and  the 
subsequent  efforts  of  Mackay  and  others. 
