July  31,  1902. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
117 
VARIETIES  OF  PEACHES  (X.  Y.  Z.).— Royal  George, 
Crimson  Galande,  Diamond,  Bellegarde,  and  Sea  Eagle  are  all 
good  sorts,  and  should  suit  your  purpose. 
BOOK  ON  GENERAL  FARMING  AND  AGRICULTURE 
(J.  D.  B.). — Dr.  Frean’s  “Elements  of  Agriculture”  (John 
Murray,  London.  3s.  6d.  net.)  is  the  best,  and  may  suit  you. 
ADDRESS  OF  SCOTTISH  HORTICULTURAL  ASSOCIA¬ 
TION  (ffm.  Dalrymple). — The  secretary’s  name  is  Mr.  Peter 
Loney,  and  his  address  6,  Carlton  Street,  Edinburgh,  to  whom 
you  should  write.  The  association’s  meeting  rooms  are  at  5,  St. 
Andrew  Square,  Edinburgh. 
GRAPES  SPOTTED  (J.  T.). — You  are  quite  correct  in 
assuming  that  the  syringing  with  “hard”  water  after  the  fruits 
were  colouring  has  been  the  cause  of  the  blemishes.  Of  course, 
the  berries  are  good,  only  their  appearance  is  much  spoilt  through 
having  the  bloom  mostly  washed  off.  Did  you  read  “H.  D.’s” 
notes  on  syringing  Grapes,  on  page'  24,  July  10? 
SUB-TROPICAL  GARDENING  (A.  Edwards).— Most  garden 
manuals  deal  with  the  subject.  Mr.  Robinson’s  “English 
Flower  Garden  ”  supplies  the  information  you  want ;  price  15s. 
“  London  Parks  and  Gardens,”  from  this  office,  though  out.  of 
date  may  give  you  some  guidance.  Watch  the  gardening  journals 
for  reports  of  the  bedding  in  London  parks. 
COTTONY  SUBSTANCE  TAKEN  FROM  OFF  ROSE  TREE 
(C.  C.  E.). — The  brown  bodies  enveloped  in  cottony  matter  are 
very  hard,  and  evidently  the  seeds  of  some  member  of  the 
natural  order  Salicinese,  either  a  species  of  Populus  or  Salix,  we 
think  the  latter.  Its  presence  on  the  Rose  tree  may  be  due  to 
the  agency  of  wind,  or,  as  sometimes  occurs,  that  of  insects,  such 
as  the  Rosechafer  (Cetonia  aurata)  and  Bracken  Clock  (Phyllo- 
pertlia  horticola).  The  holes  in  the  leaflets  are  due  to  the 
punctures  of  some  insect,  possibly  those  of  some  beetle,  but  there 
is  no  presence  of  the  malignant  body. 
PARASITIC  GROWTH  ON  RASP  AIL  PELARGONIUMS 
(Raspail). — According  to  your  description  we  think  the  plants 
were  last  year  infested  with  one  of  the  Dodders,  Cuscutese, 
which,  as  you  say,  produces  thread-like  filaments  with  little 
blooms  here  and  there,  the  growths  attaching  themselves  to  the 
stalks  or  leaves,  drawing  all  the  life  out  of  the  plants.  The  cause 
is  because  the  seeds  of  the  parasite  were  present  in  the  soil,  and 
these  germinated,  and  the  growths  attached  themselves  to  the 
Pelargoniums  and  abstracted  nourishment  from  them  by  means  of 
its  absorbing  roots  pushed  into  the  stems.  The  only  way  to  get 
rid  of  the  pest  is  to  remove  every  particle  of  growth  before  it 
comes  into  flower-,  not  leaving  any  on  the  plant,  otherwise  seeds 
would  be  formed,  and  going  over  with  the  soil  again  spring  up 
the  following  season.  Perhaps  it  was  originally  introduced  in 
the  soil  used  for  potting,  being  the  Lesser  Dodder,  Cuscuta 
Epitliymum,  sometimes  common  on  leguminous  plants,  and  the 
seeds  taken  along  with  turf  used  as  compost  for  potting  plants. 
If  you  use  soil  from  a  similar  source,  we  should  advise  it  to  be 
baked  before  use,  otherwise  keep  a  sharp  look  out  for  the  parasite 
and.remove  it  promptly. 
MEASUREMENT  OF  HAY-STACK  (A.  L.).— (1)  The  hay¬ 
stack,  13yds  long,  6yds  wide,  and  5yds  deep,  will  contain  390 
cubic  yards,  and  the  weight  may  be  1  cwt,  or  two  truss  per  cubic 
yard,  hence  19  ton  the  w-eight  of  the  stack.  Both,  however,  are 
very  vague,  therefore  to  measure  a  hay-stack  having  a 
rectangular  base,  and  when  the  stack  is  straight  from  the  bottom 
to  the  eaves,  and  from  the  eaves  to  the  top,  proceed  as  follows  : 
(1)  Multiply  the  mean  length  of  the  bottom  by  the  mean  breadth, 
and  the  product  will  be  the  area  of  the  bottom.  Find  the  area 
of  a  section  of  the  eaves  in  the  same  manner.  Multiply  half  the 
sum  of  the  length  of  the  bottom  and  eaves  by  half  the  sum  of 
the  breadths,  and  the  product  will  be  the  area  of  a  section 
equally  distant  from  the  bottom  and  eaves.  To  the  area  of  the 
bottom  add  the  area  of  the  section  at  the  eaves,  and  four  times 
the  area  of  the  middle  section,  multiply  this  sum  by  the  perpen¬ 
dicular  height  from  the  bottom  to  the  eaves,  and  l-6th  of  the 
product  will  be  the  solidity  of  the  lower  part.  (2)  Multiply  the 
breadth  at  the  eaves  by  the  perpendicular  height  from  the 
eaves  to  the  top,  and  half  the  product  will  be  the  area  of  the 
end,  which  being  multiplied  by  the  mean  length  will  give  the 
solidity  of  the  upper  part.  (3)  Add  these  two  solidities  together, 
and  the  sum  will  be  the  contents  of  the  whole  stack.  To  get  at 
the  actual  weight  :  Cut  out  a  portion  extending  to  the  centre  of 
stack,  from  top  to  bottom,  and  weigh  it,  and  also  measure  the 
vacuity  from  which  it  is  taken  ;  then  say,  as  the  content  of  this 
part  is  to  its  weight,  so  is  the  content  of  the  whole  stack  to  its 
weight.  The  portion  to  be  weighed  should  not  be  cut  off  the  end, 
but  taken  out  about  half-way  between  the  end  and  the  middle, 
where  it  may  be  supposed  the  hay  is  of  medium  density. 
MOWING  MACHINE  (Idem). — Both  the  mowing  machines 
you  name  are  excellent,  and  you  would  not  do  wrong  in  selecting 
either  that,  of  Shanks’,  which  has  cog  movement,  or  that  of 
Green’s,  with  chain  working.  We  have  used  both  and  found  them 
first  rate. 
NAMES  OF  PLANTS.—  Correspondents  j  chose  queries  ate  un¬ 
answered  in  the  present  issue  are  respectfully  requested  to  consult  the 
following  number.  (J.  R.  E.). — 1.  Deutzia  crenata,  fl.-pl. ;  2,  Rhus 
.  Cotinus,  the  Smoke  Sumach;  3,  Spirtea  discolor.  (II.  W.,  Kent). 
1.  OEnothera  Youngi ;  2,  Funkia.  Sieboldiana  ;  3, .  Spiraea  Anthony 
Waterer;  4,  Spircea  Douglasi ;  §,  LythrUm  Salicaria;  6.  Centaurea 
macrocephalum  ;  7,  Alstrcemeria  aurantiaca ;  (no  number)  Chrysan¬ 
themum  laeustre.  (E.  P.,  Windermere). — 1.  Deutzia  crenata,  fl.-pl. : 
2,  a  bright  green  form  of  the  Portugal:  Laurel  (Laurus  lusitanicus) ; 
■  3,  Begonia  Daviesi.  Other  correspondents  next  week. 
EDITORIAL  NOTICE. — Our  readers  can  greatly  assist  in  adding 
interest  to  the  pages  of  “The  Journal”  by  their  kindly  con¬ 
tribution  of  timely  notes  and  notices-,  and  at  the  present  period 
of  the  year  there  may  be  photographic  examples  of  well-grown 
fruit,  &c.,  growing  or  otherwise,  that  would  be  worthy  of  repro¬ 
duction.  The  Editor  would  be  pleased  to  have  such  subjects  for 
consideration  and  probable  use.  He  does  not  guarantee  to  pay 
for  prints  unless  by  special  agreement. 
- - •  i 
Covent  Garden  Market.— July  30th. 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.— Fruit. 
s.  d. 
s.  d 
Apples,  Tasmanian  ... 
11  0tol5  0 
Bananas . 
8  0 
12  0 
Cherries,  English, 
i-sieve  . 
8  0 
12  0 
Currants,  red,  ^-sieve 
5  0 
6  0 
, ,  black ,  , , 
9  0 
10  0 
Figs,  green,  doz . 
2  0 
4  0 
Gooseberries,  ^-sieve  ... 
4  0 
5  0 
Grapes,  Hamburgh,  lb. 
0  9 
1  6 
,,  Muscat  ...  ... 
2  0 
3  0 
Greengages,  £-sieve  ... 
8  0 
9  0 
Average  Wholesale 
s.  d. 
s.  d 
Artichokes,  green,  doz. 
2  0  to  3  0 
,,  Jerusalem,  sieve 
1  6 
0  0 
Batavia,  doz . .  ... 
2  0 
0  0 
Beans,  French,  lb. 
0  7 
0  9 
,,  broad . 
3  0 
4  0 
Beet,  red,  doz . 
0  6 
0  0 
Cabbages,  tally  . 
5  0 
0  0 
Carrots,  new,  bun. 
0  2 
0  3 
Cauliflowers,  doz. 
3  0 
0  0 
Corn  Salad,  strike 
1  0 
1  3 
Cucumbers  doz . 
2  6 
4  0 
Endive,  doz . 
1  6 
0  0 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
0  2 
0  0 
Horseradish,  bunch  ... 
2  6 
0  0 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
0  li 
0  2 
s.  d. 
s.  d 
Lemons,  Messina,  case 
12  0to20  0 
.--o,,  Naples  ,, 
25  0 
0  0 
Melons,  each . 
1  6 
2  0 
Nectarines,  doz . 
3  0 
12  0 
Oranges,  case  ...  ,.. 
12  0 
16  0 
Peaches,  doz . 
Pines,  St.  Michael’s, 
3  0. 
12  0 
each...  .'. . 
2  6 
5  0 
Pjlums,  Orleans,  ^-sieve 
8  0 
9  0 
Raspberries,  peck 
3  0 
4  0 
4,,  lb.  pntsi,  doz. 
3'  0 
4'  0 
Prices.— Yegetables. 
s.  d. 
s.  d 
Lettuce,  Cabbage,  doz. 
0  6  to  0  0 
„  Cos,  doz. 
0  9 
1  0 
Marrows,  doz . 
3  0 
0  0 
Mint,  doz.  bun . 
4  0 
0  0 
Mushrooms,  forced,  lb. 
0  8 
0  9 
Mustard  &  Cress,  pnut. 
0  2 
0  0 
Parsley,  doz.  bnchs.  ... 
3  0 
0.0 
Peas,  blue,  bushel 
Potatoes,  English, 
new,  cwt . . 
3  0 
4  0 
6  0 
7  0 
Radishes,  doz . 
1  0 
0  0 
Spinach,  bush . . 
2  0 
3  0 
Tomatoes,  English,  lb. 
0  4 
0  5 
,,  Jersey . 
0  4i 
0  5 
Turnips,  bnch . 
0  2 
0  3 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. — Plants  in  Pots. 
Most  of  the  undermentioned  plants  are  sold  in  48  and  32-sized  pots 
s.  d. 
s.  d 
s.  d. 
s.  d 
Aralias,  doz . ... 
5  0tol2  0 
Fuchsias . 
4  0  to  0  0 
Araucaria,  doz . 
12  -0 
30  0 
Grevilleas,  48’s,  doz.  ... 
5  0 
0  0 
Aspidistra,  doz . 
18  0 
36  0 
Hydrangea,  pink . 
10  0 
12  0 
Crotons,  doz . 
18  0 
30  0 
Lycopodiums,  doz.  ... 
3  0 
0  0 
Cvnerus  alternifolius 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz. 
4  0 
6  0 
doz.  * . 
4  0 
5  0 
Mignonette  . 
6  0 
0  0 
Dracaena,  var.,  doz.  ... 
12  0 
30  0 
Myrtles,  doz . 
6  0 
9  6 
,,  'viridis,  doz. . 
9  0 
18  0 
Palms,  in  var.,  doz.  ... 
15  0 
30  0 
Ferns,  var.,  doz . 
4  0 
18  0 
,,  specimens 
21  0 
63  0 
small,  100 . 
10  0 
16  0 
Pandanus  Veitchi,  48’s, 
Ficus  elastica,  doz.  ... 
9  0 
12  0 
doz . 
24  0 
30  0 
Foliage  plants,  var,  each 
1  0 
5  0 
Shrubs,  in  pots  . 
4  0 
6  0 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.— Cut  Blowers 
s.  d. 
s.  d 
s.  d. 
s.  d 
Arums,  doz .  3  0  to  0  0 
Lily  of  Valley,  12  bnchs 
12  0tol8  0 
Asparagus,  Fern,  bnch.  1  0 
2  0 
Maidenhair  Fern,  doz. 
Bouvardia,  coloured, 
bnchs . 
4  0 
5  0 
doz.  bunches  .  6  0 
8  0 
Marguerites,  white, 
Carnations,  12  blooms  0  6 
1  0 
doz.  bnchs . 
4  0 
0  0 
Cattleyas,  doz . 12  0 
15  0 
,,  yellow,  doz.  bnchs. 
2  0 
0  0 
Cornflower,  doz.  bun.  1  0 
1  6 
Myrtle,  English,  per 
Croton  foliage,  bun.  ...  0  9 
1  0 
bunch  . 
0  6 
0  0 
Cycas  leaves,  each  ...  0  9 
1  6 
Odontoglossums . 
4  0 
0  0 
Cypripediums,  doz.  ...  2  0 
3  0 
Orange  blossom,  bunch 
2  0 
0  0 
Eucharis,  doz.  ....  ...  2  0 
3  0 
Roses,  Niphetos,  white, 
Gardenias,  doz .  2  0 
2  6 
doz . 
1  0 
2  0 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
,,  pink,  doz . . 
2  0 
0  0 
bnchs .  4  0 
0  0 
,,  yellow, doz.  (Perles) 
1  0 
2  0 
Gladiolus,  white,  doz. 
,,  Generals . 
0  5 
0  6 
bunches  .  6  0 
0  0 
Srnilax,  bunch  ...  ... 
2  6 
3  0 
Gypsophila,  doz.  bun.  3  0 
0  0 
Stephanotis,  doz.  pips 
2  0 
0  0 
Ivy  leaves,  doz.  bun. ...  1  6 
0  0 
Stock,  double,  white, 
Lilium  Harrisi  .  2  0 
3  0 
doz.  bun.  ...  . . 
2  0 
3  0 
„  lancifolium  alb,  1  0 
1  6 
Sweet  Peas,  white  and 
,,  1.  rubrum...  ...  1  0 
1  6 
coloured,  dozen  bun. 
1  0 
2  0 
,,  longiflorum  ...  2  0 
3  0 
Tuberoses,  dozen . 
0  3 
0  4 
