August  7,  1902. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
141 
FRUITS,  NUTS,  AND  VEGETABLES  (E.  C.). -The  author  is 
Mr. -A.  Broa.dbent,  Secretary  of  the  Vegetarian  Society,  19,  Ox¬ 
ford  Street,  Manchester. 
MUSHROOMS  (E.  J.  K.)to-By  “  make  ”  we  presume  you  in¬ 
tend  grow  Mushrooms.  In  this  case  you  should  procure  manure 
from  stables  in  which  carriage  horses  are  kept,  collected  and  kept 
free  frcnrthe  litter  in  a  covered  shed  open  at  the  front,  and  there 
turning  to,  prevent. overheating  and  to  allow  cf  the  escape  of  rank 
steam.  When*  enough  is'chllected  to  make  a  bed  of  the  desired, 
size,  the  manure  should  be  made  up  into  a  bed,  not  less  than  12in 
in  depth,  well  beaten  or  trodden  down  to  render  it  firm.,  prefer¬ 
ably  rammed  down  hard  with  a  brick  or  hand  rammer.  In  the 
course  cf  a  week  the  bed  will  have  heated,  and  when  it  is  on  the 
decline,  cr  not  likely  to  heat  more  highly,  it  should  be  spawned, 
the  temperature  being  90deg,  not  more,  at  2in  beneath  the  sur¬ 
face.  Small  pieces  of  spawn,  lin  to  2in  square,  should  be  inserted 
in  holes  made  with  a  trowel  din  apart  and  2in  deep,  the  manure 
so  removed  being  used  for  covering  it  over.  In  about  a  week 
afterwards,  cr  sometimes  earlier,  lin  to  2in  of  moist,  rather  heavy 
loam  should  be  laid  all  over  the  surface  and  beaten  hard  with  the 
back  cf  a  spade.  The  tiny  Mushrooms  seldom  appear  in  less  than 
four. or  five  weeks  from  spawning,  and  the  time  during  which  the 
beds  remain  productive  afterwards  varies  very  considerably. 
When  about  half  grown  they  are  termed  “  buttons  ”  and  the  full- 
grown  “  broilers.”  Water  may  be  required,  but  it  must  not  be 
given  too  frequently,  and,  indeed,  watering  should  be  avoided  as 
much  as  possible,  yet  water  must  be  supplied  to  keep  the  surface 
sufficiently  moist.  Any  dark  place  is  suitable  for  making  the  bed, 
provided  it  is  frostproof  ;  if  not,  a  covering  of  straw  must  be  used. 
NAMES  OF  PLA.NT3. — C jrrespondents  whose  queries  are  un- 
ansivered  in  the  present  issue  are  respectfully  requested  to  consult  the 
following  number.  (J.  I).). — 1,  Spinea  filipendula 2,  Verbaseum 
nigrum ;  3,  Deutzia  crenata  fl.-pl.  (Crofter). — 1,  Lycopodium  alpinum  ; 
2,  Polystichum  angulare.  (F.  R.  N.). — 1.  Leycesteria  f'ormosa  ;  2, 
Lcelia  elegans.  (G.  Ml). — Magnolia  tripetala. "  (T.  S.). — Habenaria 
bifolia. 
Meteorological  Observations  at  Chiswick. 
Taken  in  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society’s  Gardens  at  Chis¬ 
wick,  height  above  sea  level  24  feet. 
Date. 
Temperature  of  the 
Air. 
Temperature  of 
the  Soil. 
At  9  A.M. 
© 
1902. 
Direction  c 
Wind. 
At  9  A.M. 
Day. 
Night 
Rain. 
i-i  . 
3  m 
0i  -a 
o  g  2 
o  p.a 
July 
and 
August. 
Dry 
Bulb. 
Wet 
Bulb. 
43 
in 
o 
►— i 
HH 
Lowest. 
1-ft. 
deep. 
2-ft. 
deep. 
4-ft. 
deep. 
^  s  g 
o  ® 
Erl 
Sunday  ...27 
S.W. 
deg. 
60A 
deg. 
57-5 
detr. 
64-0 
deg. 
53-3 
Ins. 
0-05 
deg. 
625 
deg. 
60-1 
deg. 
57'2 
deg. 
53'3 
Monday  ...28 
W.S.W. 
62-2 
55-0 
68-2 
58-0 
— 
60  7 
60  0 
57-2 
48'5 
Tuesday  ...29 
W.SAV. 
61-2 
E6-8 
692 
50-3 
— 
61'0 
59-9 
57-2 
42'2 
Wed’sday  30 
W.S.W. 
63.7 
57  0 
66-7 
49’0 
0  OS 
62-0 
60  0 
57-2 
38-7 
Thursday  31 
W.N.W. 
59  4 
54'7 
66-2 
52-3 
— 
61-3 
60-0 
57'3 
50*2 
Friday  ...  1 
N.E. 
54-6 
52-6 
63'9 
52-3 
— 
60  5 
60-0 
57  5 
43-2 
Saturday  2 
S.W. 
5S-9 
54-0 
68-2 
43-2 
0T1 
59  0 
595 
57-5 
33-9 
Means  ... 
601 
55A 
66-6 
51-9 
Total. 
0  22 
61-0 
599 
57  3 
44-7 
The  weather  of  the  past  week  was  rather  dull,  with  intervals  of 
bright  sunshine.  The  wind  has  been  rough  and  very  cold  for  the 
time  of  year. 
Publications  Received. 
“  Meehan’s  Monthly  ”  (July)  contains  a  coloured  plate  o'f 
Erigeron  philadelphicus.  *  *'  “  Sunset  ”  (June)  containing  the 
concluding  articles  on  Luther  Burbank’s  work.  *  *  “  Garden 
Cities  of  To-morrow,”  by  Ebenezer  Howard.  London  :  Swan, 
Sonnensehein  and  Co.  (Ltd.),  Is.  *  “  Le  Jardin”  (July  20), 
coloured  plate  of  Gladioli.  *  *  “Russia,”  an  illustrated 
journal  of  industry,  commerce,  literature,  art.  &c. 
“  Twenty-Seventh  Annual  Report  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners 
of  the  City  of  Boston  Department  of  Parks,”  for  July  31,  1902. 
*  *  “  Cassell’s  Dictionary  of  Gardening,”  Part  15,  with  coloured 
plate  of  Hippeastrums.  Ends  at  Primus.  *  *  “  Garten  Flora  ” 
(July,  1902).  Coloured  plate  of  Byblis  gigantea,  Lindl.  *  * 
“The  Tropical  Horticulturist”  (June  2). 
Book  Notices. 
Garden  and  Grounds :  How  to  Lay  out  and  Arrange.1 
The  author  of  this  book,  which  comes  to  us  in  green  paper 
covers,  is  Mr.  T.  W.  Sanders,  whose  name  is  now  familiar  to  most 
gardeners.  The  treatise  admirably  fulfils  the  title,  and  .beyond 
the  concise  and  clear  instruction  imparted,  there  are  very  helpful 
plans,  suitable  for  designing  gardens  and  grounds  of  a  quarter  of 
an  acre  up  to  so  many  as  ten  acres.  The  work  cf  laying  out  is  de¬ 
scribed,  and  selections  of  shrubs,  plants,  &c.,  are  furnished.  (36 
pp.,  6j  by  7.  Price  7cl.  net.) 
Covent  Garden  Market.— August  6th. 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.— Fruit. 
s.  d. 
s.  d 
s.  d. 
s.  d 
Apples,  Tasmanian  ... 
11  0tol5  0 
Lemons,  Messina,  case 
T2  0to20  0 
Bananas . 
8  0 
12  0 
„  Naples  „ 
25  0 
0  0 
Cherries,  English, 
Melons,  each . 
1  6 
2  0 
•  4-sieve  . 
8  0 
12  0 
Nectarines,  doz . 
3  0 
12  0 
Currants,  red,  4_sieve 
5  0 
6  0 
Oranges,  case  . 
12  0 
16  0 
,,  black,  ,, 
9  0 
10  0 
Peaches,  doz . 
3  0 
12  0 
Figs,  green,  doz . 
2  0 
4  0 
Pines,  St.  Michael’s, 
Gooseberries,  4-sieve  ... 
4  0 
5  0 
each . 
2  6 
5  0 
Grapes,  Hamburgh,  lb. 
0  9 
1  6 
Plums,  Orleans,  4-sieve 
8.0 
9  0 
,,  Muscat  . 
2  0 
3  0 
Raspberries,  peck 
3  0 
4  0 
Greengages,  4-sieve  ... 
8  0 
9  0 
,,  lb.  puts.,  doz. 
3  0 
4  0 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.— Vegetables. 
s.  d. 
S. 
d 
s.  d. 
s.  d 
Artichokes,  green,  doz. 
2  0  to  3 
0 
Lettuce,  Cabbage,  doz.  0  6  to  0  0 
,,  Jerusalem,  sieve 
1  6 
0 
0 
,,  Cos,  doz.  ...  0  9 
1  0 
Batavia,  doz . 
2  0 
0 
0 
Marrows,  doz .  3  0 
0  0 
Beans,  French,  lb. 
0  7 
0 
9 
Mint,  doz.  bun.  .  4  0 
0  0 
,,  broad . 
3  0  • 
4 
0 
Mushrooms,  forced,  lb.  0  8 
0  9 
Beet,  red,  doz . 
0  6 
0 
0 
Mustard  &  Cress,  pnnt.  0  2 
0  0 
Cabbages,  tally  . 
5  0 
0 
0 
Parsley,  doz.  bnchs.  ...  3  0 
0  0 
Carrots,  new,  bun. 
0  2 
0 
3 
Peas,  blue,  bushel  ...  3  0 
4  0 
Cauliflowers,  doz. 
3  0 
0 
0 
Potatoes,  English, 
Corn  Salad,  strike 
1  0 
1 
3 
new,  cwt .  6  0 
7  0 
Cucumbers  doz . . 
2  6 
4 
0 
Radishes,  doz .  1  0 
0  0 
Endive,  doz . 
1  6 
0 
0 
Spinach,  bush .  2  0 
3  0 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
0  2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes,  English,  lb.  0  4 
0  5 
Horseradish,  bunch  ... 
2  6 
0 
0 
„  Jersey .  0  44 
0  5 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
o  14 
0 
2 
Turnips,  bnch .  0  2 
0  3 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.— Plants  In  Pots. 
Most  of  the  undermentioned  plants  arc  sold  in  48  and  32-sized  pots 
Aralias,  doz . 
s.  d.  s. d 
5  0tol2  0 
Araucaria,  doz . 
12  0 
30  0 
Aspidistra,  doz . 
18  0 
36  0 
Crotons,  doz . 
18  0 
30  0 
Cyperus  alternifolius 
doz . 
4  0 
5  0 
Draccena,  var.,  doz.  ... 
12  0 
30  0 
,,  viridis,  doz. . 
9  0 
18  0 
Ferns,  var..  doz . 
4  0 
18  0 
,,  small,  100 . 
10  0 
16  0 
Ficus  elastica,  doz.  ... 
9  0 
12  0 
Foliage  plants,  var,  each 
1  0 
5  0 
s.  d.  s.  d 
Fuchsias .  4  0  to  0  0 
Grevilleas,  48’s,  doz.  ...  5  0  0  0 
Hydrangea,  pink . 10  0  12  0 
Lycopodiums,  doz.  ...  3  0  0  0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz.  4  0  6  0 
Mignonette .  6  0  0  0 
Myrtles,  doz .  6  0  9  6 
Palms,  in  var.,  doz.  ...  15  0  30  0 
,,  specimens  ...  21  0  63  0 
Pandanus  Veitchi,  48’s, 
doz .  24  0  30  0 
Shrubs,  in  pots  ...  ...  4  0  6  0 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.— Cut  Flowers 
Arums,  doz .  3 
Asparagus,  Fern,  bneb.  1 
Bouvardia,  coloured, 
doz.  bunches  .  6 
Carnations,  12  blooms  0 
Cattleyas,  doz . 12 
Cornflower,  doz.  bun.  1 
Croton  foliage,  bun.  ...  0 
Cycas  leaves,  each  ...  0 
Cypripediums,  doz.  ...  2 
Eucharis,  doz .  2 
Gardenias,  doz .  2 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
bnchs .  4 
Gladiolus,  white,  doz. 
bunches  .  6 
Gj7psophila,  doz.  bun.  3 
Ivy  leaves,  doz.  bun. ...  1 
Lilium  Harrisi  .  2 
laneifolium  alb.  1 
,,  1.  rubrum .  1 
,,  longiflorum  ...  2 
d.  s.  d 
OtoO  0 
0  2  0 
0  8  0 
6  10 
0  15  0 
0  16 
9  10 
9  16 
0  3  0 
0  3  0 
0  2  6 
0  0  0| 
0  0  0 
o  o  o  s 
6  0  0 
0  3  0; 
0  16 
0  16 
0  3  0, 
Lily  of  Valley,  12  bnchs 
Maidenhair  Fern,  doz. 
bnchs .  ... 
Marguerites,  white, 
doz.  bnchs . 
,,  yellow,  doz.  bnchs. 
Myrtle,  English,  per 
bunch  . . 
Odontoglossums  ...  ... 
Orange  blossom,  bunch 
Roses,  Niphetos,  white, 
doz . 
,,  pink,  doz . 
,,  yellow, doz.  (Perles) 
,,  Generals . 
Smilax,  bunch  . 
Stephanotis,  doz.  pips 
Stock,  double,  white, 
doz.  bun . 
Sweet  Peas,  white  and 
coloured,  dozen  bun. 
Tuberoses,  dozen . 
■  s. 
to 
4 
4 
2 
0 
4 
2 
1 
2 
1 
0 
2 
2 
2 
1 
0 
d.  s.  d 
0tol8  0 
0  5  0 
0  0  0 
0  0  0 
6  0  0 
0  0  0 
0  0  0 
0  2  0 
0  0  0 
0  2  0 
5  0  6 
6  3  0 
0  0  0 
0  3  0 
0  2  0 
3  0  4 
1  “Garden  ami  Grounds:  How  to  Lay  Out  and  Arrange.”  Xo.  2  <>f  “  Ilia 
Country  House  Series  of  Handbooks.”  Dawbfru  &  Y\  ard,  Ltd.,  0,  Farriugdoii 
Avenue,  Loudon. 
