183 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
August  21,  1902. 
better  than  quickly  acting  nitrates.  Fire  heat  is  often 
necessary  to  ripen  midseason  Grapes  perfectly,  but  with 
ventilation  day  and  night,  to  ensure  a  circulation  of  air,  it 
may  often  be  dispensed  with  in  bright  weather.  The  nights, 
however,  are  now  getting  cold,  and  lire  heat  may  be  necessary, 
though  a  good  rest  at  night  aids  Vines  wonderfully  that  are 
carrying  heavy  crops  of  Grapes.  Enough  fire  heat  should  be 
given  to  maintain  the  temperature  at  GOdeg  to  65deg  at  night, 
and  70deg  to  75deg  by  day,  allowing  5deg  more  for  Muscats 
and  similar  varieties. 
LATE  HOUSES. — The  Grapes  will  now  be  at  the  colouring 
stage  or  near  thereto,  and  should  be  given  every  encourage¬ 
ment.  Afford  full  supplies  of  water,  though  a  good  surface 
mulching,  sweetened  horse  droppings,  or  stable  litter  free  from 
the  straw  and  thrown  in  a  heap,  and  when  hot,  turned  inside 
to  outside,  and  top  to  bottom,  answering  well  when  not  more 
than  a  couple  of  inches  thick,  continuing  the  supplies  of 
nourishment  until  the  Grapes  are  well  advanced  in  colour,  for 
most  late  Grapes  take  a  long  time  to  perfect  thoroughly,  and 
some  are  not  so  up  to  the  shank,  even  when  apparently 
finished,  which  is  often  a  consequence  of  too  early  stopping  the 
supplies  of  nutrition,  and  in  some  cases  the  consequences  of 
too  short  supplies  cf  food  and  moisture  are  manifest  in  the 
Grapes  shrinking,  as  not  unfrequently  occurs  with  Muscats, 
and  in  the  doings  of  the  Vines  the  following  season.  All  late 
Grapes  require  time,  and  all  ought  now  to  be  colouring,  or 
close  on,  while  no  harm  will  come  to  those  advanced  therein 
as  regards  keeping  afterwards.  In  order  to  effect  perfection 
of  berry  in  size  and  finish,  a  fair  amount  of  air  moisture  with 
a  circulation  of  air  constantly  is  imperative,  diminishing  the 
air  moisture  as  the  Grapes  advance  in  colouring.  Poverty  cf 
finish  is  the  chief  cause  cf  Grapes  shrivelling,  cracking  resulting 
of  a  close  atmosphere,  following  a  period  of  drought  or  venti¬ 
lating  injudiciously.  Afford  a  temperature  of  70deg  to  75deg 
by  day,  80deg  to  90deg  with  sun,  and  close  sufficiently  early 
to  increase  to  90deg  or  95deg.  When  the  sun  is  losing  power, 
put  on  enough  top  and  bottom  ventilation  to  insure  the  circula¬ 
tion  of  air,  allow  the  temperature  to  gradually  cool,  which  rests 
the  Vines,  and  increase  the  ventilation  early  with  the  advancing 
temperature.  The  hot  water  pipes  should,  if  necessary,  have 
a  little  warmth  in  them  to  prevent  the  temperature  falling 
below  65deg  at  night. — St.  Albans. 
Meteorological  Observations  at  Chiswick. 
Taken  in  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society’s  Gardens  at  Chis¬ 
wick,  height  above  sea  level  24  feet. 
Date. 
Temperature  of  the 
Air. 
Temperature  of 
the  Soil. 
At  9  A.M. 
1902. 
August. 
If 
At  9  A.M. 
Day. 
Night 
d 
'3 
At 
1-ft. 
deep. 
At 
2-ft. 
deep. 
At 
4-ft. 
deep. 
V  - 
3  03 
£  O) 
m  c3 
^  Vl 
E£  cd  rt 
Vi 
5 
Dry 
Bulb. 
Wet 
Bulb. 
-*■» 
in 
CD 
tuQ 
3 
03 
<D 
is 
o 
a 
^  s  g 
ffl  ° 
B 
Sunday  ...10 
W.N.W. 
deg. 
5S-9 
deg. 
54-7 
deg. 
64-7 
deg. 
49-2 
Ins. 
0'06 
deg. 
60  0 
deg. 
60  0 
deg. 
57-9 
deg. 
40  2 
Monday  ...11 
N.W. 
55-4 
50-0 
61'5 
44'8 
003 
584 
59-6 
580 
35-7 
Tuesday  ...12 
W.N.W. 
57-4 
54-2 
65-0 
47-4 
— 
59-0 
59-3 
57'8 
37-7 
Wed’sday  13 
W.N.W. 
57'4 
54-6 
65'2 
46-8 
0-04 
58-9 
59-2 
57-8 
40  0 
Thursday  14 
W.N.W. 
64 '8 
60  4 
69-4 
54-0 
— 
60 '3 
59*1 
57-7 
46-0 
Friday  ...lo 
S.E. 
64-0 
60-0 
70-.3 
58-7 
— 
61'8 
59  5 
57  6 
52’8 
Saturday  16 
S.E. 
60-6 
57-3 
77-5 
49-6 
005 
61-9 
600 
57-6 
42-0 
Means  ... 
59'9 
559 
67-7 
501 
Total. 
018 
60  0 
59'7 
57-8 
42T 
The  week  for  the  most  part  has  been  dull  with  occasional  showers  ; 
Saturday  was  an  exception,  being  bright,  and  warmer  than  it  has  been 
since  July  15. 
Trade  Notes. 
Bulbs  for  the  London  Parks. 
From  Air.  W.  J.  Towner,  cf  H.M.  Office  of  Works,  West¬ 
minster,  S.W.,  Messrs.  Cutbush  and  Sen,  have  received  the 
following  letter: — “I  am  directed  by  the  First  Commissioner  of 
His  Majesty’s  Works,  &c.,  to  accept  your  tender  of  the  21st  in'st. 
for  the  supply  of  bulbs  for  bedding  purposes  in  the  coming 
season  to  the  Royal  parks  and  gardens  in  the  charge  of  this 
department.” 
*  *  *  All  correspondence  relating  to  editorial  matters  should  be  directed 
to  “  The  Editor,”  12,  Mitre  Court  Chambers,  Fleet  Street, 
London,  E.C.  It  is  requested  that  no  one  will  write  privately 
to  any  of  our  correspondents,  seeking  information  on  matters 
discussed  in  this  Journal,  as  doing  so  subjects  them  to  unjustifiable 
trouble  and  expense. 
Plan  of  a  Bothy — Competition. 
“Well-wisher”  promises  a  first  prize  of  £3,  and  the  Editor 
supplies  a  second  prize  of  £1. 
The  rules  of  the  competition  are  as  follows  : — The  plan,  drawn 
to  scale,  must  not  exceed  7in  broad  by  7in  deep,  and  must  be 
clearly  defined  on  stout  paper.  The  plan  must  provide  suitable 
accommodation  for  six  men,  and  the  cost  of  the  building  ought 
not  to  exceed  £200  to  £220.  A  statement  of  the  general  items 
of  cost  should  accompany  the  plans,  together  with  any  written 
comments  thereon.  The  competition  is  open  until  Christmas, 
1902,  by  which  date  all  plans  must  be  in  the  hands  of  the  Editor. 
The  sender’s  name  and  full  address  should  be  enclosed  when  send¬ 
ing  the  plan,  and  the  sender  will  alone  be  held  responsible  for  it. 
FREE-FLOWERING  FUCHSIAS  FOR  BEDDING  (“  Kittie,” 
Dorset)— Of  dark  varieties  the  old  favourite,  Dunrobin  Castle, 
with  small  dark  foliage,  producing  an  innumerable  quantity  of 
small  coral-red  flowers,  and,  when  trained  into  a  standard,  makes 
a  lovely  feature  in  floral  displays,  is  perhaps  the  most  distinct 
bedding  variety.  Others  are  Abundance,  Duke  cf  Edinburgh, 
Eureka,  Gaiety,  Scarcity  (weeping  habit),  Lye’s  Rival,  Charming 
(dwarf),  Wave  of  Life  (golden-coloured-leaved  dwarf),  Air.  King, 
and  General  Roberts  (drooping  habit).  Light :  Eynsford  Gem, 
Princess  May,  Beauty  cf  Trowbridge,  Covent  Garden  White, 
Alinnie  Banks,  Duchess  of  Albany,  Annie  (drooping  habit),  Rose 
of  Castile  Improved  (strong  habit),  and  Prince  Alfred  (strong 
grower).  The  hardy  varieties:  Corallina  syn.  Exoniensis  (good 
for  covering  walls  and  best  for  open  gardens,  richly  covered  in 
foliage'  and  flower),  Globosa  (a  good  old  variety,  and  one'  of  the 
best  hardy  kinds),  Riccartoni  (a  beautiful  variety,  and  hardiest 
of  all  the  outdoor  Fuchsias),  is  severally  well  worth  attention. 
Of  variegated  Fuchsias  for  bedding,  Aleteor,  the  lower  leaves 
buff-yellow,  the  upper  cnes  rich  crimson,  is,  perhaps,  most  used; 
but  Sunray  is  by  far  the  best,  with  red  variegated  leaves,  quite 
ornamental  and  beautiful. 
APPLE  SPRAYS  DISEASED  (X.  Z.,  Sussex).— The  young 
shoots  and  leaves  are  affected  by  the  Apple  mildew  (Sphrerotheca 
maii),  which  causes  them  to  become  white,  owing  to  the  powdery 
white  coating  of  conidia  or  summer  spores,  and  they  ultimately 
become  brown.  The'  mycelium  of  the  fungus  is  perennial,  and 
the  tissues,  growing  along  with  the  shoots  each  season,  stunting 
its  growth,  and  eventually  greatly  injuring  or  even  killing  the 
tree.  The  mycelium,  however,  does  not  extend  backward  in 
the  branch  from  the  point  of  infection ;  therefore,  persistent 
removal  cf  the  diseased  shoots  and  burning  them  soon  exter¬ 
minate  the  disease'  especially  if  combined  with  Spraying  in 
spring,  as  detailed  for  preventing  scab,  with  which  the  fruit 
and  some  of  the  leaves  and  shoots  are  also  infested,  under 
“  Pears  Diseased.” 
PEARS  DISEASED  (Idem). — The  fruits,  leaves,  and  young 
growths  of  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey  Pear  are  affected  by  the  Pear 
scale  (Fusicladium  pirinum),  a  parasitic  fungus  closely  resemb¬ 
ling  in  structure  and  habit  Apple  scale  (Fusicladium  dendriticum). 
It  attacks  the  leaves  and  young  shoots,  as  well  as  the  fruit, 
first  appearing  on  the  leaves  in  the  form  of  small,  roundish 
dark  spots,  mostly  on  thei  upper  surface.  These  spots  soon 
increase  in  size  and  run  into  each  other,  forming  large  irregular- 
shaped  blackish  blotches,  and  when  conditions  are  favourable, 
such  as  a  cool,  damp  season,  the  leaves  are  frequently  killed 
while  quite  young,  the  fruit  is  retarded  in  growth,  shrunken, 
and  frequently  cracked  and  spoiled  by  the  attacks  of  the  fungus. 
There  is  no  remedy,  but  the  disease  may  be  prevented  by 
spraying  with  dilute'  Bordeaux  mixture  (loz  copper  sulphate 
and  loz  of  freshly  burned  or  quicklime,  to  one  gallon  of  water), 
for  ordinary-strength  Bordeaux  mixture  is  apt  to  scorch  the 
foliage,  especially  when  young;,  hence  it  is  advisable  to  use  the 
dilute  form.  Spray,  first,  just  as  the  flower-buds  begin  to  open; 
second,  when  the  petals  of  the  flowers  are  falling;  and  then 
when  the  fruit  is  the  size  of  horse  beans  or  slightly  larger.  If 
the  season  be  rainy,  a  fourth  treatment  should  be  given  twelve 
days  after  the  third. 
