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JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AXD  COTTAGE  GARDENER.  September  li,  1902. 
and  render  the  pollen  free  and  powdery.  By  means  of  a  couple  of 
needles  fastened  into  small  sticks  the  anthers  may  be  dissected 
so  as  to  expose  the  pollen  chambers.  The  pollen  may  then  be 
shaken  upon  paper,  or  a  small  camel’s-hair  brush  may  be  loaded 
with  the  grains  by  brushing  the  dissected  anthers.  Having  thus 
secured  abundance  of  pollen,  the  stigmas  may  be  pollinated 
by  carefully  brushing  them  with  the  pollen-ladened  brush  with 
every  confidence  of  securing  a  good  set  and  early  crop,  which 
will '  be  an  abundant  reward  for  the  extra  trouble  taken. 
— J.  H.  W. 
Literature. 
Orchard  and  Bush  Fruit  Pests.* 
This  cheap  little  pamphlet  contains  a  good  deal  of  information 
which  may  be  very  valuable  to  the  gardener,  and  deserves  to  have 
an  extensive  sale.  Suggestions  are  made  for  the  prevention  of 
insect  attacks  upon  fruit  crops,  and  a  good  selection  given  of 
insect  killers,  some  of  them  very  powerful. 
We  may  remark,  however,  that,  as  a  matter  of  individual 
opinion,  we  object  to  the  poisonous  compounds  in  which  arsenic 
or  copper  figure.  We  think  sometimes  of  a  remark  made  by  Mr. 
Abbey  in  this  Journal,  that,  after  all,  you  can  hardly  have  a 
better  remedy  for  most  insects  than  clear  rain  water,  applied 
in  a  fine  stream  or  spray. 
One  observation  of  Mr.  Warburton’s  all  gardeners  would  do 
well  to  lay  t-o  heart,  that  there  is  a  period  in  the  history  of  each 
troublesome  insect  when  it  is,  so  to  speak,  delivered  into  our 
hands.  That  is  the  time  to  take  prompt  measures,  not  when  the 
damage  done  by  it  is  prominent,  and  yet  it  cannot  be  so  easily 
destroyed.  In  notes  upon  the  winter  moth,  the  author  does  not 
refer  to  the  presumed  fact  that  the  males  soipetimes  bear  their 
companions  upwards  to  oviposit,  thus  rendering  the  sticky  appli¬ 
cations  of  little  use.  We  do  not  expect  a  small  book  like  this 
to  be  comprehensive,  but  we  are  surprised  two  such  well  known 
residents  on  fruit  trees  as  the  lackey  and  the  small  ermine  cater¬ 
pillars  should  be  unchronicled.  In  briefly  describing,  too,  the 
Black  Currant  mite,  allusion  might  have  been  made  to  the  kindred 
species,  which  much  disfigure  the  Pear  and  Plum. 
Publications  Received. 
“  Nature  Study  Journal,”  No.  4  contains  a  Romance  of  a 
Museum,  a  Country  Walk,  School  Gardens,  a  Spring  Walk,  &c. 
*  *  ‘‘ Le  Moniteur  d’Horticulture,”  July  10,  has  a  coloured 
plate  of  Kitaibelia  vitifolia.  “  Transactions  of  the  Massachusetts 
Horticultural  Society  for  the  year  1901,”  part  1  contains  Evolu¬ 
tion  of  American  Horticulture,  Evergreens  for  Winter  Effect 
(illustrated),  “Studies  of  some  Tree-destroying  Fungi,”  Ac.,  Ac. 
*  *  “  The  Canadian  Horticulturist  ”  for  August,  special 
features,  Shortening — In  Pruning,  the  Fruit  Crop,  Canadian 
Maples,  Floral  Notes  for  August,  Ac.  *  *  “  Report  on  the 
Phenological  Observations  for  1901,”  by  Ed.  Mawley,  F.R.Met.S., 
Ac.  *  *  “  Le  Mois  Scientifique,”  June,  1902.  *  *  “  Jornal 
dos  Agricultores,”  from  Rio  de  Janeiro,  June  30,  1902. 
*  *  “Gartenflora,”  August,  contains  coloured  plate  of  Cypri- 
pedium  hybridum  Frau  Geheimrat  Borsig.  *  *  “Cassell’s 
Dictionary  of  Gardening,”  part  16,  price  7d.  net  *  *  “The 
Ceylon  Observer,”  July  25,  1902.  *  *  “The  Tropical  Agricul¬ 
turist,”  July,  contains  South  Africa  Recommended  to  Young 
Men  with  a  Little  Capital,  Rubber  Planting  in  Costa  Rica,  Useful 
and  Ornamental  Timbers,  the  Banana,  Australian  Coffee  Culti¬ 
vation,  Composition  of  the  Bread  Fruit,  How  to  Take  Quinine 
in  Malaria,  Plant  Breeding,  Plant  Sanitation  in  India,  Ac. 
*  *  “  The  Ceylon  Handbook  and  Directory,  and  Compendium 
of  Useful  Information,”  to  which  is  prefixed  a  statistical  summary 
for  the  colony,  and  specially  for  the  planting  enterprise,  up  to 
June,  1902,  Colombo:  A.  M.  and  J.  Ferguson.  *  *  “Orchard 
and  Bush-Fruit  Pests,  and  How  to  Combat  Them,”  by  Cecil 
Warburton,  M.A.,  F.Z.S.,  with  twelve  illustrations.  John 
Murray:  London,  price  6d.  *  *  “  A  New  System  of  Heating, 
by  Steam  and  Hot  Water  Combined,”  Am.  de  Meyere,  engineer, 
53,  Boulevard  de  l’Eccault,  Ghent.  *  *  “  Business,  Illus¬ 
trated,”  No.  1,  July,  1902,  Is.  An  interesting  and  useful  maga¬ 
zine.  *  *  “  Russia,”  an  illustrated  journal  (6d.  net)  of  policy, 
literature,  industry,  coniine  rce,  art,  Ac.  *  *  “  Cassell’s  Satur¬ 
day  Journal.”  *  *  “Gartenflora,”  September  1,  contains  a 
coloured  plate  of  Conference  Pear.  *  *  “  The  Florist’s 
Exchange,”  August  23,  containing  a  report  of  the  S.A.F.O.H. 
Convention;  also  “The  American  Florist,”  a  special  Convention 
number,  beautifully  illustrated  with  special  photographs  and  on 
stout  paper ;  a  business-like  and  useful  number.  *  *  “The 
Tropical  Agriculturist,”  for  August;  A.  M.  -and  J.  Ferguson, 
Colombo,  Ceylon;  contents:  Artificial  propagation  of  oysters. 
Cocoanut  plantation  in  the  Malay  States.  Does  the  mooii  influ¬ 
ence  vegetation  P  Economic  resources  of  the  Straits  Settlements, 
and  the  Malay  Peninsula.  Farming  in  Orange  River  Colonv. 
Forestry  and  Fruit  Growing  in  Orange  River  Colony.  Pineapple 
as  a  digestive  aid,  Ac. 
*  *•  Orchard  and  Bush  Fruit  Pests,  and  Howto  Combat  Them.”  Bv  C  cil 
Warbur^on,  M.A.,  F.Z.S.  John  Murray,  Albemarle  Slreec.  3902.  Piice  Cd. 
Societies. 
R.H.S.,  Scientific  Committee,  September  2rd. 
Present:  Dr.  Masters.  F.R.S.  (in  the  chair),  Dr.  M.  C.  Cooke.  Dr. 
A.  B.  Rendle,  Messrs.  E.  M.  Holmes,  J.  Douglas,  Odell.  Rev.  W.  Wilks, 
and  Mr.  Gaut  (visitor). 
Phyllotaxis  of  Aloysia. — Mr.  Odell  brought  specimens  showing 
variations  in  the  number  of  leaves  to  a  whorl  on  different  shoots.  On 
the  secondary  shoots,  which  resulted  from  the  pinching  of  the  primary 
one,  the  leaves  were  in  whorls  of  three. 
White  Lavender. — Mr.  Odell  showed  flowers  of  this  variety  to 
exemplify  their  fragrance,  which  had  been  disputed. 
Double  spathe  of  Ricliardia  Elliottiana.—  Mr.  Douglas  brought  a 
specimen  of  a  double  spathe  in  this  plant,  in-itself  not  an  uncommon 
occurrence,  but  the  spathes  in  the  present  examples  were  remarkable 
for  being  deeply  pinnately  lobed. 
Helianthus  Miss  Mellish. — Specimens  were  exhibited  showing  the 
decay  and  rotting  of  the  root-stock  and  stem  apparently  due  to  fungus 
“  sclerotia,”  which  were  found  in  the  tissues.  Dr.  Cooke  undertook  to 
report  on  the  specimens  on  another  occasion. 
Peloria  in  Antirrhinum. — From  Mr.  Lorenz,  of  Erfurt,  came 
specimens  of  regular  flowers  of  this  plant.  The  regularity  in  this 
case  is  owing  to  the  increase  of  the  irregular  portions,  so  that  there 
are  five  spurs  instead  of  one  only,  thus  constituting  it  a  ease  cf 
irregular  peloria.  Mr.  Lorenz  has  succeeded  in  “  fixing  the  variation 
and  inducing  the  development  of  a  race.” 
Celery  Leaves. — Some  specimens  were  affected  by  a  fungus  allied 
to  Phyllosticta  or  Sphterella. 
Twin  Cucumbers. — A  specimen  of  this  not  uncommon  peculiarity 
was  exhibited.  The  appearance  is  probably  due  to  the  union  of  two 
flowers  in  a  very  early  stage  of  their  development. 
Cracked  Pears. — Specimens  were  shown  showing  the  effect  of 
Fusicladium  in  arresting  the  growth  of  the  rind  of  the  Pear,  which 
cracks  as  the  flesh  beneath  increases  in  bulk.  Spraying  in  an  early 
stage  is  the  only  means  of  preventing  the  mischief. 
White  Heather. — Mrs.  Streathfield  sent  specimens  of  Jfche  white 
variety  of  Erica  Tetralix  from  a  Surrey  common. 
Silver-leaf  disease. — A  letter  was  read  from  Professor  Percival : 
“  From  sections  of  the  stump  through  the  points  of  union  of  scion 
and  stock,  it  seems  very  probable  that  the  fungus  which  causes  the 
disease  had  entered  at  the  point  of  grafting  in  this  particular  case. 
Such  examples  are  not  at  all  uncommon,  although  in  many  cases  the 
disease  starts  in  the  roots  below  ground.  The  disease,  I  have  abun¬ 
dantly  proved  this  year  in  my  own  garden,  can  be  induced  with  the 
greatest  ease  by  inoculating  any  part  of  the  tree  either  above  or  below 
ground.  The  fungus  (Stereum  purpureunri  does  not  itself  extend 
very  far  in  the  tissues  of  the  diseased  trees,  but  some  of  its  products, 
or  products  resulting  from  its  action  on  the  tissues  of  the  trees, 
circulate  rapidly  in  an  upward  direction,  and  induce  the  peculiar 
changes  in  the  leaves.  Downward  circulation  also  takes  place,  but 
much  more  slowly.  In  several  cases  of  inoculation  with  the  fungus 
on  long  branches  of  plants,  the  disease  has  spread  downwards  even 
after  the  greater  portion  of  the  branch  has  been  cut  away  at  a  point 
several  inches  below  the  point  of  inoculation.” — John  Percival. 
Copper  as  a  cause  of  yellow  foliage. — Mr.  Gaut  alluded  to  the 
yellow  tint  assumed  by  the  foliage  of  certain  Apple  trees  in  York¬ 
shire.  The  want  of  colour  had  been  attributed  to  the  presence  of 
copper  in  the  soil,  but  as  it  was  considered  that  the  evidence  in 
support  of  this  opinion  was  inadequate,  further  information  was 
solicited. 
Mcl:n  disease. — Mr.  Willard  sent  specimens  of  this  disease,  charac¬ 
terised  by  rotting  of  the  bine,  and  attributed  (conjecturally)  to  the 
presence  of  bacteria.  Acting  on  a  suggestion  of  Dr.  Masters,  Mr. 
Willard  had  inoculated  a  seemingly  healthy  plant  with  some  of  the 
juice  from  a  diseased  plant.  The  result  was  the  development  of 
disease  within  a  very  short  time.  The  committee,  however,  thought 
the  result  of  the  infection  would  not  have  manifested  itself  so  rapidly, 
and  that  the  inoculated  plant  would  shortly  have  shown  symptoms  of 
the  disease  even  if  it  had  not  been  inoculated. 
National  Dahlia,  Sept.  2nd. 
From  the  lion,  secretary  we  have  received  the  follow¬ 
ing  list  cf  special  awards :— Silver  Medal  for  best  bunch  of  Cactus 
Dahias  in  trade  classes  to  Messrs.  Stredwick  and  Son  for  Miss  F. 
Stredwick. 
Silver  Medal  for  best  bunch  of  Cactus  Dahlias  in  amateur 
classes  to  Mr.  P.  W.  Tulloch  for  Mrs.  Mawley. 
Bronze  Medal  for  best  New  Show  or  Fancy  Dahlia  to  Messrs. 
Keynes,  Williams,  and  Co.  for  Henry  Clark. 
Williams’  Memorial  Medal  awarded  to  Mr.  L.  McKenna  for 
twelve  bunches  of  Cactus  Dahlias  (amateurs). 
Silver  Medals  for  single  Dahlias  awarded  to  Messrs.  J.  Cheat 
and  Sons ;  Mr.  F.  W.  Seale ;  Mr.  J.  F.  Hudson. 
Non-competitive  Exhibits:  Silver-gilt  Medals  to  Messrs. 
Cannell  and  Sons,  to  Hobbies,  Ltd.  Silver  Medal  to  Messrs. 
Cutbush  and  Sons.  Bronze  Medal  to  Messrs.  Jones  and  Sons. 
Vote  of  thanks  to  Messrs.  Barr  and  Son,  and  to  Messrs.  Smith 
Bros. 
