September  18,  1902.  JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
279 
*  *  *  All  correspondence  relating  to  editorial  matters  should  be  directed 
to  “  The  Editor,”  12,  Mitre  Court  Chambers,  Fleet  Street, 
London,  E  C.  It  is  requested  that  no  one  will  write  privately 
to  any  of  our  correspondents,  seeking  information  on  matters 
discussed  in  this  Journal,  as  doing  so  subjects  them  to  unjustifiable 
trouble  and  expense. 
THE  FRUIT  MANUAL  (T.  M.).— Dr.  Hogg’s  “Fruit 
Manual  ”  has  been  for  long  out  of  print. 
MONTHLY  ROSES  (F.  P.).— The  old  Monthly  Rose  belongs 
to  the  China  class,  and  is  known  as  Old  Blush  or  Common  China. 
Of  this  class  Cramoisie  Superieure,  crimson;  Duchess,  white; 
Fabvier,  scarlet;  Mrs.  Bosanquet,  waxy  flesh;  and  Old  Crimson 
or  Dark  China  are  fine  for  massing  or  beds. 
LEAF-SPOT  ON  TOMATOES  (Idem).— The  best  remedy  for 
Tomato  leaf-rust  fungus,  Cladosporium  fulvum,  is  to  maintain 
a  gentle  warmth  in  the  hot-water  pipes,  admit  air  freely,  and 
run  up  in  the  afternoon  to  a  temperature  of  lOOdeg  to  llOdeg 
for  an  hour  or  two,  repeating  this  occasionally.  Badly  infested 
leaves  should  be  removed  and  burn  ,  and  the  p'ants  dusted  with 
a  fungicide  in  powder,  such  as  the  advertised,  or  should  be, 
anti-blight,  fostite,  and  strawsonite.  As  a  liquid  for  spraying, 
Messrs.  Wood  and  Sons’  Veltlia  emulsion  may  be  mentioned  as 
effective,  spraying  upwards  as  well  as  over  the  foliage. 
PRESERVING  FRENCH  BEANS  AND  PEAS  FOR 
WINTER  USE  (W.  E.). — French  Beans  may  be  preserved  bjr 
collecting  them  when  quite  dry  and  of  size  fit  for  use,  placing 
in  glazed  earthenware  jars  in  layers  alternately  with  salt,  first 
placing  in  a  layer  of  pods,  then  sprinkling  on  sal:  enough  to 
cover  them,  and  so  on  until  the  jar  is  full,  when  place  on  the  lid 
tightly.  When  required  for  use  the  pods,  should  be  steeped 
in  water  overnight  to  abstract  some  of  the  salt.  Peas  are 
bottled,,  and  to  give  colour  are  treated  with  sulphate  of  copper. 
We  do  not  know  the  exact  process ;  perhaps  some  correspondent 
will  oblige  with  particulars. 
RED  SPOTS  ON  ZONAL  PELARGONIUM  CUTTING 
(C.  N.). — Though  we  examined  the  red  spots  very  carefully  wo 
found  no  trace  in  the  tissue  of  the  mycelial  hyphre,  or  externally 
any  outgrowths  of  a  parasitic  fungus.  The  wmrk  appears  that 
of  the  leaf-rust  mite,  Tarsonymus  Gerani,  which  by  its  bites 
and  mode  of  life  of  larvre,  is  very  pernicious,  crippling  the  growth, 
and  rendering  these  stunted  and,  as  you  say,  brittle.  The  best 
hindrance  to  the  pest  is  spraying  or  dipping  in  tobacco  water, 
loz  of  the  strongest  shag  tobacco  being  placed  in  a  vessel  and 
to  remain  until  cool,  then  straining  and  using  for  spraying  or 
dipping. 
ARTIFICIAL  MANURE  FOR  ORCHARD  IN  GRASS 
(Twenty  Years’  Subscriber). — As  you  cannot  continue  the 
depasturing  and  well-feeding  of  sheep,  or  even  that  of  keeping 
fowls  and  pigs  in  the  orchard,  you  may  prepare  a  mixture  as 
follows: — Nitrate  of  soda,  If  part  dissolved  benes,  6  paid s; 
high  grade  mineral  superphosphate,  31  parts;  muriate  of  potash, 
3  parts;  kainit,  4  parts;  wood  ashes,  2  parts;  mixed.  This 
contains  about  1.9  per  cent,  of  nitrogen,  8  per  cent,  of  phosphoric 
acid,  and  11  per  cent,  of  potash.  It  may  be  applied  in  the 
autumn  at  the  rate  of  5  cwt  per  acre,  3jlb  per  rod,  or  not  later 
than  February,  as  soon  as  the  ground  is  drained.  Autumn,  how¬ 
ever,  is  the  preferable  time.  Another  simple  preparation  is 
composed  of  equal  parts  dissolved  bones  and  kainit,  applying 
341b  of  the  mixture  in  the  autumn,  and  in  spring,  when  the  buds 
commence  swelling,  supply  lflb  per  rod  of  finely  crushed  nitrate 
of  soda,  or  preferably,  as  the  ground  is  a  stiff  yellow  loam, 
sulphate  of  ammonia. 
MALLOW  STEM  DISEASED  (F.  P.).— The  Ma’low  stem 
is  affected  by  the  Sclerotium  disease,  a  parasitic  fungus  named 
Sclerotinia  sclerotiorum.  The  stem  is  the  part  most  frequently 
attacked,  the  disease  first  showing  itself  just  above  the  ground¬ 
line  as  a  delicate  white  mould  encircling  the  stem.  The  mycelium 
also  penetrates  into  the  interior,  and  gradually  extends  upwards. 
Finally,  the  stem  becomes  dry  and  brittle,  and  falls  down.  If 
such  diseased  stem  is  cut  open,  a  considerable  number  of  black 
selerotia  of  very  variable  size  and  shape  are  met  with  in  the 
pith,  surrounded  by  mycelium,  and  they  often  form  on  the  out¬ 
side  of  the  stem.  These  live  in  the  ground  until  the  following 
spring,  when  they  give  origin  to  several  funnel-shaped  ascophores, 
from  which  the  spores  produced  in  asci  are  ejected  at  maturity. 
Diseased  stems  should  be  collected  and  burned,  and  where  the 
disease  has  existed  before,  the  ground  should  be  given  a  liberal 
dressing  of  quicklime,  avoiding  the  use  of  fresh  manure,  especially 
on  the  surface  of  the  soil. 
ARE  ALL  LARGE  ROUND  GOURDS  EDIBLE?  (F.  J.)— 
Most  of  the  large  Gourds  or  Pumpkins  are1  edible,  such  as  the 
Large  Green,  Large  Yellow,  Mammoth,  and  Ohio  Squash.  The 
other,  or  Ornamental  Gourds,  are  not  edible,  being  grown  for 
decorative  purposes  from  their  peculiar  and  varied  forms,  also 
colouring  of  the  ripe  fruits. 
VAPORISING  WITH  XL  ALL  COMPOUND  FOR  THE 
DESTRUCTION  OF  RED  SPIDER  (A.  J.).— Your  experiment 
is  very  interesting,  the  red  spider  being  certainly  still  alive  on 
the  Croton  loaf,  hence  vaporisation  with  nicotine  compound! 
evidently  has  no  material  prejudicial  effect  on  this  pest.  The 
communication  is  also  valuable  as  showing  the  effect  of  nicotine 
vapour  on  the  fronds  of  Ferns,  Pteris,  and  Adiantums. 
DISEASED  VIOLET  LEAVES  (H.  S.).— The  leaves  are 
affected  by  the  Violet  leaf-spot  fungus,  Cercospora  violae,  which 
causes  dry  pallid  spots  to  form  on  the  leaves  of  Viola  odorata 
and  the  varieties  of  Sweet  Vio'et,  and  often  prove  troublesome, 
if  not  wholly  destructive,  to  the  foliage  in  the  late  summer  and 
autumn  months,  both  outdoors  and  under  glass.  It  begins  as 
a  verv  minute  speck  and  rapidly  .increases  in  size,  forming  large 
blotches,  and  frequently  the  spots  run  into  each  other,  involving 
a  large  portion,  if  not  the  whole,  of  a  leaf.  The  disease  spreads 
very  rapidly,  so  that  there  is  scarcely  a  healthy  leaf  left.  It 
is  most  prevalent  in  cold  and  wet  seasons.  Removal  and  burn¬ 
ing  of  the  affected  leaves  check  the  disease  somewhat,  but  as 
the  spores  are  produced  whilst  there  is  the  merest  speck  visible 
to  the  naked  eye,  this  does  not  wholly  arrest  the  disease.  Spray¬ 
ing  with  ammoniacal  solution  of  copper  carbonate  may  protect 
the  young  leaves  from  attack,  but  fungicides  have  not  given 
good  results  as  regards  prevention  and  suppression  of  this  pest. 
Growing  thinly  and  allowing  the  plants  plenty  of  air  and  light 
is  the  best  means  of  avoiding  the  disease.  This  will  be  accorded 
to  some  extent  by  removing  infected  leaves. 
NAMES  OF  FRUIT. —  Correspondents  whose  queries  are  un¬ 
answered  in  the  present  issue  arc  respectfully  requested  to  consult  the 
following  number.  (A.  W.). — The  Apple  is  Yorkshire  Beauty,  syn. 
Red  Hawthornden.  (P.  A.  T.). — The  Grapes  are,  1.  West’s  St.  Peter’s  ; 
2.  Bueklaiul  Sweetwater;  3.  Golden  Queen. 
NAMES  OF  PLANTS. —  Correspondents  whose  queries  are  un¬ 
answered  in  the  present  issue  are  respectfully  requested  to  consult  the 
following  number.  (Nemo).-  1  Celsia  sp. ;  2,  Euonymus  japonicus 
albo-imirginatis  ;  3,  E.  j.  aureo-marginatis.  (Water  Weed). — Sorry  to 
have  held  the  names  a  week  ;  1.  Potamogeton  clensus;  2.  Myriophyllum 
vertici  1  latum  ;  3.  Ranunculus  heterophyllus  ;  4,  Chara  fragilis.  (Oxon 
Subscriber). — 1,  Spiraea  japonic-a  ;  2.  Impatiens  Roylei ;  3.  Polygonum 
cuspidatum.  (J.  Subscriber). — No.  1,  Odontoglossmn  Anderson- 
ianum;  2,  Veronica  virginiea;  3,  Stachys  grandiflora  rosea;  4, 
Lythrum  Salicaria,  a  handsome  native  plant.  (C.  T.  G.). — Galega 
officinalis.  (F.  W.). — Miltonia  Clowesi.  (P.  A.  T.). — Your  Conifers 
next  week.  Please  only  to  send  one  leaf  at  a  time  in  any  one  week, 
else  there  may  be  confusion. 
Trade  Catalogues  Received. 
Harrison  and  Sons,  Seedgrowers  and  Merchants,  Market  Place 
Leicester. — Bulbs  end  Roots. 
Pope  and  Son.  King’s  Norton,  Birmingham. — Bulbs. 
Thomas  S.  Ware.  Ltd.,  Hale  Farm  Nurseries,  Feltham.  Middlesex.— 
Bulbs  and  Plants. 
— - — - 
Meteorological  Observations  at  Chiswick* 
Taken  in  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society’s  Gardens  at  Chis¬ 
wick,  height  above  sea  level  24  feet. 
Date. 
Temperature  of  the 
Air. 
Temperature  of 
the  Soil. 
At  9  A.M. 
Q 
1902. 
September. 
o 
ii 
?> 
QJ  r~ 
H 
a 
At  9  A.M. 
Day. 
Night 
6 
'ri 
At 
1-ft. 
deep. 
At 
2-ft. 
deep. 
At 
3  co 
"  £ 
S  g  g 
cj  0 
Dry 
Bulb. 
Wet 
Bulb 
■*3 
CO 
o 
r-> 
'tb 
X 
CO 
Q) 
£ 
O 
A 
4- ft. 
deep. 
JSg 
o  ° 
B 
Sunday  ...  7 
w. 
deg. 
52-1 
deg. 
51-5 
dee. 
70-8 
deg. 
42-6 
Ins. 
deg. 
597 
deg. 
60-5 
deg. 
58-4 
deg. 
34-5 
Monday  ...  8 
S.E. 
60'7 
57-5 
693 
43-0 
59 '0 
60*2 
58-4 
36-0 
Tuesday...  9 
E  S.E. 
64T 
£0  0 
69-5 
53-5 
— 
592 
59-8 
58-4 
40-3 
Wed'sday  10 
E.S.E. 
62T 
59  2 
G6-0 
56-2 
061 
59-8 
59-5 
58'.5 
45'5 
Thursday  11 
E.S.E. 
60-9 
590 
65-2 
54-2 
1-77 
60  0 
595 
58-2 
450 
Friday  ...12 
N.N.E. 
50-3 
49-2 
60'0 
49-5 
— 
60  0 
59-7 
58-1 
50-7 
Saturday  13 
N.N.E. 
488 
439 
* 
56  6 
40-5 
579 
59-4 
btfl 
33*2 
Means  ... 
57*0 
54-3 
653 
48-5 
Total. 
2-38 
59-4 
59-8 
58-3 
40-7 
The  weather  for  the  most  part  has  been  dull  and  cool.  A  thunder¬ 
storm  occurred  on  the  10th.  and  a  very  heavy  fall  of  rain  on  the  11th* 
