October  9,  1902. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
333 
Lilies  of  the  World. 
,  (Continued  from  page  238.) 
Chinese  Lilies  (Genus  Lilium). — Of  these  there  are 
some  twenty-five  species  known  at  present,  but  it  is 
expected  now  that  China  is  being  opened  up  this  number 
will  be  greatly  added  to.  Very  few  of  the  twenty-five 
species  are  yet  in  commerce,  but  soon  will  be,  and  if  they 
bear  out  the  reports  of  collectors,  they  will  form  valuable 
additions  to  our  garden  plants.  Lily  amateurs  are  antici¬ 
pating  great  things  from  this  comparatively  new  Lily 
source,  and  from  w’hat  we  know  leads  us  to  anticipate  there 
will  be  no  disappointment. 
L.  Browni. — This  is  a  plant  with  a  history,  beyond  that 
of  almost  any  other  Lily  I  know  of  in  cultivation.  Some 
fifty  or  sixty  years  ago  a  Belgian  one  day  wTas  wandering 
about  the  now  world-famed  nursery  of  Mr.  Charles  Turner, 
Slough,  England,  and  accidentally  discovered  flowering  in  a 
pot  a  Lily  he  had  not  before  seen,  and  bought  the  same 
for  21s.  from  the  proprietor  of  the  nursery  in  question,  who 
could  give  no  history  as  to  how  the  plant  came  into  the 
nursery,  it  being  part  of  the  stock  he  found  when  becoming 
proprietor  of  Brown’s  business,  as  it  was  at  that  time  called. 
It  appears  there  were  two  brothers  Brown,  original  pro¬ 
prietors.  One  became  a  missionary  and  went  to  the  Far 
East,  and  the  supposition  is  this  was  part  of  a  consign¬ 
ment  of  Lilies,  &c.,  sent  home  by  the  missionary  Brown 
from  China,  all  of  which  appear  to  have  perished  from 
neglect  except  this  one,  which  would  not  follow  its  com¬ 
panions.  The  Belgian,  whose  name  is  not  recorded, 
increased  the  plant  and  sent  it  out  under  its  present  name 
(Browni)  in  compliment  to  Mr.  Brown.  From  this  one  Lily 
bulb  sprung  the  entire  stock  of  this  Lily,  now  well  known 
commercially  in  Europe,  &c.  From  descriptions  of  recent 
finds  of  Lilies  in  China,  I  should  in  no  way  be  surprised  to 
learn  that  this  beautiful  Lily  is  one  of  them.  I  am  thus 
particular,  inasmuch  as  Japan  has  been  named  as  the  home 
of  Browni,  and  the  Japanese  under  this  name  send 
annually  to  Europe  and  America  L.  odorum.  Under  the 
name  L.  Browni  it  is  somewhat  in  the  same  way,  but  quite 
different.  L.  Browni  has  long,  pure  white  flowers  of  great 
substance,  measuring  some  lOin  in  length.  Outside,  the 
flower  is  rich  chocolate-brown,  height  3ft  to  5ft.  L.  odorum 
will  be  found  fully  described  under  Japanese  Lilies. 
L.  Henryi,  named  after  Dr.  Henry,  a  gentleman  in  the 
Chinese  Customs,  Szemas,  Tonkin,  who  sent  bulbs  to  Kew 
as  a  new  species  of  Lily.  For  its  introduction  into  com¬ 
merce  we  are,  however,  indebted  to  the  enterprise  of  a 
Yokohama  merchant,  who,  at  great  expense,  went  to  Hong 
Kong,  and  from  thence  sent  a  Chinaman  to  collect  the  Lily 
in  its  native  habitat,  no  doubt  with  the  assistance  of  Dr. 
Henry.  I  had  an  offer  in  Hong  Kong  of  the  same  assist¬ 
ance,  but  I  said  the  man  who  first  risked  his  money  in  the 
enterprise  was  the  man  to  reap  the  harvest.  When  in  Hong 
Kong,  I  heard  of  two  collectors  out  from  England  to  gather 
in  the  spoils  of  the  Celestials.  One  I  traced  up  the  Yangtse, 
sent  by  Yeitch,  Limited,  London,  and  no  doubt  under  the 
auspices  of  Dr.  Henry,  if  the  Boxers  did  not  have  his 
head,  returned  home  with  much  spoil  of  the  land.  The 
other  was  sent  out  by  Sanders  and  Co.,  St.  Albans,  on  a 
secret  mission.  Of  him  it  might  be  said  he  came  and  went, 
leaving  no  footprints  on  the  sands  of  time.  When  he  passed 
through  Hong  Kong  all  was  quiet  at  the  time.  How  far  he 
wTent  into  the  unknown  land  in  search  of  spoil  I  have  seen 
no  report,  neither  as  to  whether  the  Boxers  left  his  head  on 
his  shoulders.  I  have  noticed  that  some  writers  describe 
L.  Henryi  as  a  form  of  L.  speciosum.  I  could  not  endorse 
this.  I  considered  its  nearest  relative  is  L.  tigrinum.  L. 
Henryi  has  beautiful,  soft,  orange-yellow  flowers,  with  as 
many  as  twenty  on  a  stem  when  the  plant  is  established  and 
strong.  Its  culture  is  one  of  the  easiest,  and  I  may  say  its 
future  is  ensured  ;  height,  6ft. 
These  two  Chinese  Lilies  named  are  of  the  easiest 
culture,  and  those  new  species  from  the  same  country, 
which  may  soon  be  in  commerce,  from  the  flattering  descrip¬ 
tions  which  precede  them  of  their  exquisite  beauty  and  easy 
culture,  we  Lily  amateurs  may  well  look  forward  to  a  great 
treat,  and  I  am  sure  South  Africa  will  find  a  place  for  most 
of  them  in  her  rapidly  developing  gardens,  now  that  it  is 
found  that  the  Cape  Peninsula  has  the  finest  climate  in  the 
world  for  the  growth  of  flowers, — Peter  Barr,  Y.M.H. 
Needs  of  Fruit  Trees. 
( Continued  from  page  108.) 
Respecting  the  need  of  fertilisers  for  orchards,  Professor 
Yoorhees  says,  it  is  argued  by  many  that  fruit  growing  is 
quite  similar  to  growing  timber  trees  ;  that  the  question  of 
soil  exhaustion  is  not  a  matter  of  very  great  importance 
provided  the  soil  is  well  cultivated,  and  that  all  soils  con¬ 
tain  sufficient  quantities  of  the  food  elements  to  insure  the 
relatively  small  available  supply  required  from  year  to  year. 
It  is  admitted  that  on  soils  of  good  mechanical  condition, 
well  drained  and  cultivated,  which  are  naturally  adapted 
for  fruit  as  well  as  other  crops,  because  well  supplied  with 
the  essential  constituents — nitrogen,  phosphoric  acid, 
potash,  and  lime — the  exhaustion  arising  from  the  con¬ 
tinuous  removal  of  crops  will  not  become  apparent  for  a 
long  time,  but  it  should  be  emphasised  that  it  is  only  upon 
soils  which  possess  these  characteristics  that  the  growth  of 
fruit,  even  poor  fruit,  can  be  continued  for  any  considerable 
period  without  the  application  of  manures. 
Different  Crops  Require  Different  Food. 
It  is  obvious  that  such  specific  results  as  have  been 
obtained  concerning  the  needs  of  general  garden  crops  can¬ 
not  be  applied  with  any  degree  of  accuracy  to  fruit  crops, 
particularly  the  larger  fruits,  as  Pears,  Apples,  and  Plums, 
because  these  differ  from  vegetables — first,  in  their  habit  of 
growth  ;  second,  in  the  character  of  the  produce  ;  and  third, 
in  their  relation  to  soil  exhaustion. 
In  the  first  place,  garden  crops  as  a  rule  require  but  one 
year  for  the  entire  processes  of  vegetation  and  maturation. 
For  fruit  crops,  with  but  few  exceptions,  the  purely  vegeta¬ 
tive  processes  continue  for  at  least  three  years,  and  with 
many  kinds  much  longer  ;  while  after  the  fruit  bearing  period' 
begins,  the  vegetative  processes  do  not  cease,  but  are 
coincident  with  the  growth  and  ripening  of  the  fruit. 
In  the  second  place,  the  product  of  the  fruit  harvest 
differ  very  materially  in  its  character  from  that  of  ordinary 
garden  crops,  which  mature  their  products  and  die  in  one 
season,  because  a  whole  season  is  required  for  its  growth 
and  development  ;  that  is,  it  is  necessary  that  there  shall 
be  constant  transfer  of  the  nutritive  juices  from  the  tree  to 
the  fruit  throughout  the  entire  growing  season,  while  the 
growth  for  each  succeeding  year  of  both  tree  and  fruit  is 
dependent  upon  the  nutrition  acquired  and  stored  up  in 
buds  and  branches,  as  well  as  upon  that  which  may  be 
derived  from  the  soil. 
In  the  third  place,  the  relation  of  fruit  growing  to  soil 
exhaustion  is  very  different  from  that  in  general  crop 
gardening,  because  in  orchards  there  is  an  annual  demand 
for  specific  kinds  and  proportions  of  soil  constituents  ;  it  is 
really  a  continuous  cropping  of  the  same  kind  ;  there  is  no 
opportunity,  as  in  the  case  of  ordinary  garden  crops,  to 
correct  the  tendency  to  exhaustion  by  a  frequent  change  of 
crop,  or  the  frequent  growth  of  those  which  require  different 
kinds  and  amounts  of  plant-food  constituents. 
Principles  Regulating  Growth. 
In  studying  methods  of  manuring  orchards,  it  must  be 
admitted  that  the  general  principles  which  apply  to  fruits 
apply  quite  as  well  to  vegetables  ;  that  is,  the  essentia 
constituents  of  manures  must  be  the  same.  A  fruit  tree  will 
not  make  normal  growth  in  a  soil  destitute  of  nitrogen. 
That  nitrogen  encourages  leaf-growth  is  a  recognised  fact, 
and  since  trees  grow  by  means  of  leaf  and  root,  its  presence 
is  required  in  the  soil  in  order  to  promote  the  growth  and 
extend  the  life  of  the  tree.  It  is  very  evident,  too,  that 
potash  is  an  essential  constituent  in  the  growth  of  fruits,  not 
only  because  it  constitutes  a  large  proportion  of  the  ash  of 
the  wood  of  the  Apple,  Pear,  Cherry,  and  Plum,  and  more 
than  50  per  cent,  of  the  ash  of  fruit,  but  because  it  forms  the 
base  of  the  well-known  fruit  acids,  and  in  order  to  nourish 
a  tree  properly  as  well  as  to  ensure  proper  ripening, .phos¬ 
phoric  acid  is  also  very  necessary.  It  is  also  a  matter  or 
common  observation  that,  in  the  production  of  stone  truits 
