October  9.  1902. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
347 
or  early  spring,  leaving  at  least  a  fortnight  on  the  surface  before 
ploughing  in.  Instead  of  using  the  manure  you  name,  we  advise 
an  artificial  dressing  at  seed-time  of  3  cwt  superphosphate  mixed 
with  1  cwt  of  bonemeal ;  top-dressing,  after  singling  out,  with 
2  cwt  of  nitrate  of  soda  per  acre  mixed  with  3  cwt  of  salt.  The 
land  evidently  lacks  lime,  or  is  surfeited  with  the  animal  manure. 
NAMES  OF  FRUITS. — Correspondents  whose  queries  are  un¬ 
answered  in  the  present  issue  are  respectfully  requested  to  consult  the 
following  number.  (T.  J.  R.). — Grape,  5,  Black  Morocco.  Pears — 
1,  Clapp’s  Favourite;  2,  Williams’  Bon  Chretien;  3,  Jalousie  de 
Fontenay ;  4,  Emile  d'Heyst.  (J.  D.). — 1,  Allington  Pippin  ;  2.  Hor- 
mead’s  Pearmain  ;  3.  Emperor  Alexander  ;  4.  Red  Streak  ;  5,  Ribston 
Pippin.  (A.  T.). — 1,  Lady  Sudeley  ;  2.  not  recognised  ;  3.  Annie 
Elizabeth.  (B.). — White  Muscadine.  (L.  M.). — 1,  Tower  of  Glamis  ; 
2,  Mrs.  Gladstone ;  3,  Worcester  Pearmain  ;  4,  Bramley’s  Seedling. 
NAMES  OF  PLANTS. — Correspondents  whose  queries  are  un¬ 
answered  in  the  present  issue  are  respectfully  requested  to  consult  the 
following  number.  (Hutton).  -Calceolaria  mexicana,  not  nearly  largely 
enough  cultivated,  a  pretty  little  border  annual.  (T.  J.  R.). — 1.  the 
Grey  Poplar  (Populus  canescens ;  2,  Mesembryanthemum  sp. ;  3, 
Mesembryanthemum  cordifolium  variegatum ;  4,  Veronica  Andersoni 
variegata ;  5,  Centaurea  candidissima  ;  6,  Polemonium  ceeruleum 
variegatum;  7,  C’ornus  alba.  (T.  J.  R.). — 1,  Itea  virginica;  2, 
Juniperus  chivensis  var. ;  3,  Cupressus  (Retinospora)  Lawsoniana, 
var.  erecta-viridis ;  4,  Rhus  typhina ;  5,  Biota  orientalis  var. ;  6, 
Hibiscus  syriacus ;  7,  Berberis  nepalensis ;  8,  Cupressus  obtusa 
eompaeta  ;  9,  Juniperus  chinensis  albo- variegata  ;  10,  Pernettya 
mucronata  (type).  (Water  Weed). — The  aquatic  state  of  Callitriche 
autumnalis.  (J.  B.). — 1,  Tilia  europtea,  or  common  Lime  ;  2,  Catalpa 
bignonioides  aurea ;  3,  Populus  alba  foliis  aureis ;  4,  Sambuc-a 
racemcsa  tenuifolia  ;  5,  Ulmus  eampestris  viminalis  variegata. 
(Ellen). — Kerria  japonica  fol.  var.  (J.  T.). — 1,  Cratcegus  pyracantha  ; 
2,  Rubus  odorus  ;  3,  Laelia  majalis  ;  4.  Aster  Lynosyris. 
COMMUNICATIONS  RECEIVED.— J.  T.  West.  (The  cards 
were  not  placed  in  a  position  to  see  them  when  we  reported.)  John 
Downie,  G.  F.  W.  Oman,  G.  Lee,  J.  F.,  H.  D.,  "Webb  and  Sons, 
Cannell  and  Sons,  Harkness  and  Co.  ;  J.  Lock,  will  let  you  know 
shortly;  “K.,  Dublin,”  G.  H.  H.,  T.  A.  Weston,  E.  J.  L.,  Hull 
Chemical  Works,  Limited,  W.  L.,  E.  Regnald  Wild,  H.  K., 
T.  Challis,  G.  C.,  J.  J.,  R.  M.,  D.  C.,  H.  S.,  H.  R.  A.,  F.  R., 
J.  M.,  W.  C.,  S.  C.,  D.  I.,  T.  L.,  W.  E.  Close,  E.  C.,  F.  W.  Ch, 
J.  R.  S.  C.,  W.  M.  W.,  J.  R.  Pearson  and  Sons,  G.  A.,  A. 
Treherne  and  Co.,  Limited,  J.  Brookes,  Sander  and  Sons,  E.  Neal, 
S.  Heckscher,  Emigrants’  Information  Office.  “T.  J.  R.,”  fruit 
plants  and  Conifers  next  week;  T.  T.  and  Son,  C.  S.,  TV.  S., 
R.  P.  B. 
COMMUNICATIONS  RECEIVED. — M.  T.,  D.  S.  T.  and 
Sons,  G.  G.,  A.  J.,  J.  F.,  R.  N.,  W.  S.,  J.  R..  H.  S.  R.,  W.  S., 
M.  W.,  E.  D.  S.,  A.  O’N.  (with  photos,  for  which  we  thank  you), 
W.  H.  W.  T.,  P.  Murray  Thomson,  J.  S.  U.,  R.  P.  B.,  H.  R.  R., 
John  Sanders,  G.  H.  H.,  W.  B.  H.,  J.  D.,  F.  End.,  R.  I.,  Pennell 
and  Sons,  H.  Goodhead,  G.  B.  and  Co.,  T.  A.  W.,  J.  Rylance, 
J.  D.  (when  sending  fruits  or  flowers,  please  enclose  full  name 
and  address;  these  will  not  be  published),  O.  T.,  J.  O.,  G.  A., 
A.  J.,  T.  R.  Hayes,  Toogood  and  Sons,  D.  C.,  J.  W.  W.,  H.  T.i 
Tlios.  W.  Pender,  J.  P.,  X.  Z.  A.,  K.,  J.  Pegler,  Hull  Chemical 
Works,  Limited,  G.  A.,  WT.  C.,  W.  L.,  S.  A.,  Elder,  Dempster, 
and  Co.,  “Liverpool  Journal  of  Commerce,”  “Tomato,”  W.  S. 
(fruits  safe),  A.  R.  T.,  H.  G.  Cox,  M.  T. 
Covent  Garden  Market.— October  8th. 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.— Fruit. 
s.  d.  s.  d 
Apples,  English,  dessert 
£-sieve  ...  4  Oto  6  0 
,,  culinary,  bush.  3  0  5  0 
Bananas .  8  0  12  0 
Damsons,  £-sieve .  4  0  5  0 
Figs,  green,  doz .  2  0  4  0 
Filberts,  lb .  0  3£  0  4 
Grapes,  Hamburgh,  lb.  0  9  16 
,,  Muscat  .  10  3  0 
,,  Alicantes  ...  0  9  16 
,,  Colman  .  0  9  16 
s.  d.  s.  d 
Lemons,  Messina,  case  12  0to20  0 
,,  Naples  ',, 
25  0 
0  0 
Melons,  each . 
1  0 
1  6 
Nectarines,  doz . 
3  0 
6  0 
Oranges,  case  . 
16  0 
21  0 
Peaches,  doz . 
3  0 
6  0 
Pears, Williams,  £-sieve 
4  0 
6  0 
,,  Hazels,  £-sieve... 
3  0 
4  0 
Pines,  Si.  Michael’s, 
each . 
2  6 
5  0 
Plums,  £-sieve  . 
3  0 
4  0 
Average  Wholesale  Prices— Plants  in  Pots. 
Most  of  the  undermentioned  plants  are  sold  in  48  and  32-sized  pots 
s.  d. 
s.  d 
s.  d. 
s.  d 
Aralias,  doz . 
5  0tol2  0 
Ficus  elastica,  doz.  ...  9  0tol2  0 
Araucaria,  doz . 
12  0 
30  0 
Foliage  plants,  var,  each  1  0 
Grevilleas,  48’s,  doz.  ...  5  0 
5  0 
Aspidistra,  doz . 
18  0 
36  0 
0  0 
Chrysanthemums 
6  0 
12  0 
Lycopodiums,  doz.  ...  3  0 
0  0 
Crotons,  doz . 
18  0 
30  0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz.  4  0 
6  0 
Cyperus  alternifolius 
doz . 
4  0 
5  0 
Myrtles,  doz .  6  0 
Palms,  in  var.,  doz.  ...  15  0 
9  6 
30  0 
Dracaena,  var.,  doz.  ... 
12  0 
30  0 
,,  specimens  ...  21  0 
63  0 
,,  viridis,  doz. . 
9  0 
18  0 
Pandanus  Veitchi,  48’s, 
Erica  gracilis  . 
8  0 
9  0 
doz . 24  0 
30  0 
Ferns,  var.,  doz . 
4  0 
18  0 
Shrubs,  in  pots  .  4  0 
6  0 
,,  small,  100 . 
10  0 
16  0 
Solanums  .  5  0 
8  0 
Averagre  Wholesale  Prices.— Vegetables. 
Artichokes,  green,  doz. 
,,  Jerusalem,  sieve 
Batavia,  doz . 
Beans,  Scarlet  Runner, 
bushel  . 
Beet,  red,  doz . 
Cabbages,  tally  . 
Carrots,  new,  bun. 
Cauliflowers,  doz. 
Corn  Salad,  strike 
Cucumbers  doz . 
Endive,  doz . 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
Horseradish,  bunch  ... 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
s.  d.  s.  d 
2  0  to  3  0 
16  0  0 
2  0  0  0 
16  2  0 
0  6  0  0 
3  0  0  0 
0  2  0  0 
16  2  0 
10  13 
2  6  4  0 
16  0  0 
0  2  0  0 
2  6  0  0 
0  1|  0  2 
Lettuce,  Cabbage,  doz. 
,,  Cos,  doz. 
Marrows,  doz . 
Mint,  doz.  bun . 
Mushrooms,  forced,  lb. 
Mustard  &  Cress,  pnnt. 
Onions,  bushel  . 
Parsley,  doz.  bnchs.  ... 
Peas,  blue,  bushel 
Potatoes,  cwt . 
Radishes,  doz . 
Spinach,  bush . 
Tomatoes,  English,  lb. 
,,  Jersey . 
Turnips,  bnch . 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.— Cut  Flowers 
s.  d. 
s.  d 
Arums,  doz . 
3  0  to  0  0 
Lily  of  Valley,  12  bnchs 
Asparagus,  Fern,  bnch. 
1  0 
2  0 
Maidenhair  Fern,  doz. 
Bouvardia,  coloured, 
bnchs . 
doz.  bunches  . 
6  0 
0  0 
Marguerites,  white, 
Carnations,  12  blooms 
0  0 
1  0 
doz.  bnchs . 
Cattleyas,  doz . 
0  0 
12  0 
,,  yellow,  doz.  bnchs. 
Chrysanthemums,  doz. 
Myrtle,  English,  per 
bun. 
3  0 
4  0 
bunch  . 
,,  doz.  blooms 
1  0 
1  6 
Odontoglossums . 
Croton  foliage,  bun.  ... 
0  9 
1  0 
Orange  blossom,  bunch 
Cycks  leaves,  each 
0  9 
1  6 
Roses,  Niphetos,  white, 
Cypripediums,  doz.  ... 
2  0 
3  0 
doz . 
Eucharis,  doz . 
1  6 
2  0 
,,  pink,  doz . 
Gardenias,  doz . 
2  0 
0  0 
,,  yellow,  doz.  (Perles) 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
,,  Generals . 
bnchs . 
4  0 
0  0 
Smilax,  bunch  . 
Ivy  leaves,  doz.  bun. ... 
1  6 
0  0 
Stephanotis,  doz.  pips 
Lilium  Harrisi  . 
2  0 
2  6 
Stock,  double,  white, 
,,  lancifoliumalb. 
1  6 
0  0 
doz.  bun . 
,,  1.  rubrum . 
1  0 
0  0 
Tuberoses,  dozen . 
,,  longiflorum  ... 
2  0 
3  0 
Violets,  doz.  bun. 
s.  d. 
s.  d 
0  6  to  0  0 
6  0 
0  9 
1  0 
0  0 
4  0 
0  0 
0  8 
0  0 
0  2 
0  0 
3  0 
4  0 
2  0 
0  0 
0  0 
4  0 
3  0 
5  0 
1  0 
0  0 
2  0 
0  0 
0  4 
0  0 
0  0 
0  3 
0  2 
0  3 
s.  d. 
s.  d 
12  0tol8  0 
5  0 
6  0 
2  0 
0  0 
1  0 
0  0 
0  6 
0  0 
4  0 
0  0 
2  0 
0  0 
1  0 
2  0 
2  0 
0  0 
1  0 
1  6 
0  5 
0  6 
2  6 
0  0 
2  6 
3  0 
2  0 
3  0 
0  3 
0  4 
1  6 
2  0 
An  English  Journalist  on  American  Farming. 
We  do  not  know  whether  any  of  our  readers  ever  have  come 
across  articles  from  the  pen  of  J ohn  Foster  Fraser.  Lately  he 
■  gave  us  a  series  of  letters  from  Siberia  ;  now  in  the  interests 
of  a  leading  provincial  paper  he  is  “  doing  ”  America,  and 
doing  it  well,  too.  We  believe  Mr.  Fraser  hails  from,  or 
has  passed  many  years  of  his  life  at,  St.  Oggs  on  the  Floss. 
Readers  of  fiction  will  know  what  town  and  what  river  we 
indicate,  and  there  at  any  rate  he  would,  if  he  had  eyes  to 
see,  observe  in  the  neighbourhood  some  very  typical  English 
farming.  Mr.  Fraser  has  a  great  respect,  nay  admiration,  for 
the  American  farmer,  who  really  is  not  a  pure  American 
at  all.  Scotch  or  Scandinavian  blood  goes  to  make  up  the 
pedigree  of  the  farmer,  and  he  is  a  go-ahead  fellowT— hard 
working,  and  far-seeing,  and  a  believer  in  the  help  of 
machinery  to  the  last  detail.  It  is  wonderful  what  a  feeling 
there  is  all  the  world  over  about  the  sons  of  stern 
Caledonia  ;  they  make  headway  where  others  starve,  but  a 
Scotch- American  mixture  can  lick  creation  ! 
We  do  not  quite  grasp  the  vastness  of  American  agricul¬ 
ture.  We  take  the  Eastern  States ;  where,  according  to 
Mr.  Fraser,  agriculture  is  getting  played  out,  and  the  farmers 
of  the  Middle  States  are  gradually  going  further  N.W., 
or  crossing  into  Canada,  and  making  a  great  settlement 
there.  Montana,  Nevada,  and  Idaho  are  receiving  a  great 
overflow.  Just  look  in  the  man  and  see  how  far  west  these 
States  are,  and  then  consider  for  a  moment  how  large  the 
whole  area  of  the  States  is— nearly  the  size  of  Europe.  We 
lump  it  all  under  the  words  United  States  but  forget  how 
much  those  words  cover. 
The  further  west  you  travel,  the  larger  the  farm.  The 
average  size  of  the  five  million  farms  is  146  acres.  The  ideal 
size  is  250  acres,  and  one  of  the  mammoth  farms  of  the  west 
is  500,000  acres,  of  which  8,000  acres  are  sown  with  Wheat. 
Another  farm  with  a  Wheat  field  of  62  square  miles!  We 
