January  7,  I90t. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
21 
be  drawn  over  it  before  mowing.  The  next  best  season  to  April 
for  sowing  is  August  or  the  hcginning  of  September,  as  the 
weather  is  cooler  than  in  summer,  and  there  is  sufficient  time  for 
the  grass  to  become  established  before  winter.  From  401b  to  601b 
to  an  acre  is  the  quantity  of  grass  seed  required  for  a  lawn,  the 
larger  seeding  being  in  most  cases  advisable. 
THE  SPANISH  CHESTNFT  FOR  COMMERCIAL  PCR- 
POSES  (Forester). — Probably  the  reason  that  the  Spanish  Chest¬ 
nut  is  not  often  planted  for  commercial  purposes  is  that  it  does 
not  do  well  in  all  soils  and  situations.  Indeed,  it  requires  a 
warm,  rather  sheltered  site  when  the  ripening  of  the  fruits  ia 
a  consideration,  but  the  trees  will  grow  freely  and  form  good 
specimens  in  almost  any  position.  A  sandy  loam  suits  the  sweet 
or  Spanish  Chestnut  best.  In  certain  districts  tlie  Spanish  Chest¬ 
nut  is  a  remunerative  forest  tree,  and  when  well  grown  and  of 
large  size  the  timber  rai'ely  remains  long  on  hand.  It  also  has 
considerable  value  when  grown  for  poles,  particularly  in  hop¬ 
growing  districts;  but  its  general  adaptability  is  vastly  inferior 
to  the  Oak,  Ash,  and  Sycamore,  and  for  that  reason  is  not 
oftener  planted,  for  it  only  holds  second  rank  to  those  trees  for 
iitilty  and  value. 
NAMES  OF  PLANTS.  —  Correspondents  whose  queries  are 
unanswered  in  the  vresent  issue  are  respectfully  requested  to  consult 
the  following  number.  (F.,  Fife). — 1,  Adiantum  Williamsi ;  2,  Acacia 
cultrifoi-mis  ;  3,  A.  amoena  ;  4,  heterophylla  ;  5,  Croton  (or  Codioeum) 
Aigburthensis.  (J.  P.). — 1,  Croton  .Johannis  ;  2,  C.  Evausianum  ;  3, 
Weismanni.  (Nursery-hand). — 1,  Hoya  imperialis;  2,  Hovea  longifolia. 
(Conifer). — 1,  Cupressus  maerocarpa  lutea  ;  2,  Olearia  macrodonta; 
3,  Pieea  imngens  Kosteri. 
- ^ 
•  !  f 
CoYent-fiarden  Market.— Ipiiary  6tli. 
Averages  Wholesale  Price, ^.-r^yj^etables. 
:  ran^  ■■ 
Artichokes, 
5 
d.  ,  s. 
6  toO 
d 
0 
Onions,', ; . 
s. 
5 
i.  8. 
0to5 
d 
6 
,,  Jerusalem,,  sieve 
1 
3 
1 
6 
,,  p.cr'bag  . 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Asparagus,  Sprue, bundle 
0 
10 
0 
0 
,,  picklers,  sieve 
3 
0 
5 
0 
,,  Paris  Green . 
4 
B 
5 
6 
,.,  English,  cwt. 
5 
0 
5 
6 
Beans,  dwarf,  per  lb.... 
1 
6 
1 
9 
Parsley,  doz.  bnchs.  ... 
1 
6 
2 
0 
,,  Madeira,  basket... 
1 
6 
2 
0 
,,  sieve . 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Beetroots,  per  bushel... 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Parsnips,  i :er  bag 
2 
0 
2 
6 
Brussels  Sprouts,  sieve 
1 
3 
1 
9 
Potatoes,  per  ton . 
80 
0  130 
0 
Cabbages,  tally  . 
2 
0 
3 
6 
,,  New  Teneriffe, 
Carrots,  doz.  bun. 
2 
0 
2 
6 
per  cwt. 
12 
0 
14 
0 
,,  per  bag  . 
2 
6 
4 
0 
Radishes,  doz.  bun.  ... 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Cauliflowers,  doz. 
1 
6 
2 
6 
Rhubarb,  per  doz. 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Celery,  per  doz.  bun.  ... 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Salad,  small,  pun.,  doz. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Cress,  per  doz.  pun.  ... 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Seakale,  per  doz . 
15 
0 
21 
0 
Cucumbers  doz . 
8 
0 
10 
0 
Shallots,  per  lb . 
0 
1-^ 
0 
2 
Endive,  per  doz . 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Spinach,  per  bush. 
3 
0 
3 
6 
Garlic,  per  Ib . 
0 
2 
0 
3 
Tomatoes,  Canary 
Horseradish,  foreign, 
Deeps,  per  lb.  ... 
2 
0 
3 
6 
per  bun . 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Turnips,  doz.  bun. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Leeks,  per  doz.  bun.  ... 
1 
0 
1 
6 
,,  per  bag  . 
2 
0 
2 
6 
Lettuces,  Cabbage,  doz. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Watercress,  per  dozen 
Mushrooms,  bouse,  lb. 
0 
6 
0 
9 
bunches  . 
0 
4 
0 
8 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.— Fruit. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d 
Apples.  home-grown. 
GrapeSj  Muscats,  A. 
,1b. 
4 
0  to6 
0 
cookers,  per  bushel 
3 
to 
5 
0 
j)  ) ) 
lb. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
,,  per  half  bushel  ... 
2 
0 
5 
0 
J  7  '  • 
,,  per  barrel  . 
12 
0 
22 
0 
Canon  Hall,  A 
,1b. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
,,  American,  in  cases 
6 
0 
12 
0 
,  ,Gros  Colman,A 
,1b. 
1 
6 
2 
n 
Bananas,  bunch . 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Lemons,  per  case... 
12 
0 
n 
6 
Chestnuts,  bag  . 
17 
0 
0 
0 
Lychees,  box . 
,  , 
1 
2 
0 
0 
Cobnuts,  per  lb . 
0 
0 
8 
Oranges,  per  case... 
... 
5 
0 
17 
0 
Cranberries,  per  case ... 
Figs,  per  box  . 
Grapes,  Alicante,  lb.  ... 
10 
6 
0 
0 
Pears,  per  case 
... 
9 
0 
11 
6 
0 
10 
1 
0 
,,  stewing  ... 
... 
10 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Pines,  each  . 
. . 
2 
0 
4 
6 
.,  in  barrel . 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Walnuts,  Grenoble, 
bag 
6 
6 
7 
6 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. — Plants  In  Pots 
Most  of  the  undermentioned  plants  are  sold  in  48  and  32-sized  pots 
s.  d.  s.  d 
Adiantums,  per  doz.  ... 
4 
0to8 
0 
Aralias,  per  doz. . 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Arbor  Vitas,  per  doz.  ... 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Aspidistras,  per  doz.  ... 
18 
0 
36 
0 
Aucubas,  jjcr  doz. 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Azaleas,  each . 
2 
6 
5 
0 
Begonia,  per  doz . 
8 
0 
18 
0 
,,  Gloire  de  Lor¬ 
raine,  per  doz. 
8 
0 
24 
0 
Cal  las,  per  doz . 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Chrysanthemum,  doz. 
4 
0 
12 
0 
Coleuses,  per  doz. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Crotons,  per.  doz. 
Cyclamens,  per  doz.  ... 
12 
0 
24 
0 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Cyperus,  jier  doz . 
Dafl'odils,  per  doz. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
7 
6 
9 
0 
Dracaenas,  var.,  doz.  ... 
12 
0 
48 
0 
Ericas,  per  doz . 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Euonymus,  vars.,  doz. 
Ferns  in  var.,  per.  doz. 
Ficus  elastica,  doz.  ... 
Hyacinths,  Roman  (48- 
pots),  doz . 
Lycopodiums,  per  doz. 
Marguerites  ,, 
Orange  Trees,  each  ... 
Palms,  var.,  each 
Poinsettias,  per  doz.... 
Primulas,  per  doz. 
Pteris  tremula.  per  doz. 
,,  Wirnsetti 
,,  major  ,, 
Solanums  ,, 
Tuli])s,  red,  doz.  roots  . 
,,  3^ellov/,  doz.  roots. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d 
4 
Oto  6 
0 
4 
0 
30 
0 
9 
0 
24 
0 
8 
0 
9 
0 
3 
0 
4 
0 
6 
0 
12 
0 
3 
6 
10 
6 
3 
0 
20 
0 
8 
0 
12 
0 
2 
0 
4 
0 
4 
0 
8 
0 
4 
0 
8 
0 
4 
0 
6 
0 
4 
0 
6 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.— Cut  Blowers. 
s.  d. 
s.  d 
s.  d. 
cl 
Azaleas,  doz . 
4  0  to  6  0 
Mignonette,  perdoz.  ...  2  Oto 
3  0 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  ... 
0  4 
0  6 
Mimosa  (Acacia),  per 
Dallas,  per  dozen. 
5  0 
6  0 
bun .  1  0 
1  6 
Camellias,  box  . 
2  0 
3  0 
Mistletoe,  bunch .  0  6 
5  0 
Carnations,  per  bun.  ... 
0  6 
3  0 
Narcissus,  doz.  bun.  ...  3  0 
4  0 
Chrysanthemums — 
.,  Soleil  d'<)r,i  er !biz.  5  0 
6  0 
doz.  bunches  . 
9  0 
18  0 
Orchids — 
Daffodils,  bunch . 
1  0 
1  3 
,,  Odontoglossums,,  2  6 
4  6 
Eucharis,  per.  doz. 
3  0 
4  0 
,,  Cypripedinin  in- 
Ferns — Asparagus,  bun 
1  0 
2  6 
signe,  per  doz.  2  0 
3  0 
French,  doz.  bunches 
0  4 
0  6 
Pelargoniums,  zonal. 
^Maidenhair,  doz.  bun. 
4  0 
6  0 
doz.  bun .  6  0 
8  0 
Free^ia,  per  doz . 
1  6 
2  0 
Poinsettias,  bun .  0  10 
1  0 
Gardenias,  box  . 
2  6 
4  0 
Roman  Hyacinths,  per 
Honestj'  (seed  vessels), 
buncli .  0  6 
1  0 
per  bunch  . 
1  0 
3  0 
Roses,  IMermet,  per  doz.  3  0 
6  0 
Lilac  (French),  bun.  ... 
3  6 
4  0 
,,  Various,  per  bun.  0  6 
1  6 
Lilium  longiflorum.bun 
4  0 
6  0 
,,  "White  ,,  16 
2  0 
,,  lancifolium  ,, 
1  6 
3  0 
,,  Riuk  ,,  10 
2  0 
,,  auratum  ,, 
1  0 
2  0 
8milax,  per  doz.  trails  1  0 
1  6 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  per 
Stephanotis,  jierdoz....  1  6 
3  0 
doz.  bun.  . 
6  0 
12  0 
Tuberoses,  strong,  bun.  1  0 
1  6 
Marguerites,  yellow. 
,,  ,,  doz.  0  2 
0  3 
per  doz.  bun. 
1  0 
2  0 
Violets,  perdoz.  bun....  1  0 
1  6 
1  ,,  Parma,  per  bun.  2  6 
4  0 
Covered  Yards  and  their  Valne. 
How  v.ews  and  opinions  change  with  the  changing 
years !  Thirty  years  ago  agricultural  opinion'  was  much 
divided  on  the  subject  of  covered  yards.  Few  possessed 
them,  and  those  that  existed  were  low,  ill  ventilated,  stuffy 
places  not  at  all  adapted  for  the  purpose  in  view.  Like 
all  new  ideas  the  covered  yard  was  far  from  perfect ; 
possibly  our  children  in  the  coming  years  will  condemn  our 
structures,  but  let  the  future  bring  what  it  may,  we  have 
at  least  got  at  the  art  of  making  strong,  durable  buildings 
at  a  fairly  reasonable  cost.  The  value  of  a  good  covered 
yard  no  one  disputes,  and  the  main  point  now  before  the 
public  is  to  ascertain  which  is  the  form  and  style  best 
adapted  for  the  purpose,  and  the  cheapest  in  the- long  run. 
On  a  large  estate  where  everything  is  managed  with  a 
liberal  hand,  w'here  money  is  forthcoming  and  freely 
spent,  slates  will  probably  be  used,  or  in  their  place  tiles, 
provided  they  are  manufacturecLin  the  district,  and  are  of 
good  quality.  The  ventilation  will  be  secured  by  an 
arrangement  in  which  the  upper  part  of  the  roof  is  raised 
12in  or  15in,  the  spars  on  the  upper  part  overhanging  the 
lower,  and  so  while  allowing  a  free  current  of  air,  will  pro¬ 
tect  the  yard  below  from  wet  in  any  form.  There  will  also 
be  ventilation  where  the  roof  touches  the  eaves  of  the 
adjoining  sheds.  These  openings  can  be  closed,  if  desired, 
by  means  of  pieces  of  half-inch  board  which  are  held  in 
their  places  by  short  chains.  After  a  heavy  fall  of  snow, 
by  simply  lifting  these  boards  the  accumulation  can  be 
easily  removed. 
Whether  wannth  or  ventilation  come  first  the  reader 
must  decide  ;  both  are  equally  necessary.  An  excellent 
way  to  secure  good  ventilation  is  to  lay  slates  with  about 
2in  gaps  between.  This,  of  course,  is  also  more  economical 
both  as  regards  the  number  of  slates  employed  and  the 
quantity  of  woodwork  necessary  for  the  frame— the  weight 
of  slates  being  so  much  less.  But  of  all  yard  coverings  the 
one  which  obtains  most  is  made  of  boards  pure  and  simple, 
^in  or  lin  thick  and  laid,  say,  4in  apart ;  this  aiTangement 
secures  both  light  and  ventilation,  and  the  roof  being 
pitched  at  an  angle,  say,  of  40deg,  the  rain  hardly  penetrates 
at  all  ;  there  should  be  a  small  groove  made  on  each  boai’d, 
a  little  distance  from  the  edge,  which  will  facilitate  the 
escape  of  water.  . 
In  a  yard  covered  with  wood  the  temperature  is  always 
more  even  than  in  one  covered  with  either  of  the  other 
materials  to  which  reference  has  been  made.  Some  people 
again  are  in  favour  of  iron  roofing,  and  in  emergencies 
they  are  useful,  being  easily  and  quickly  erected.  Iron, 
