190 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER,- 
:March  3,  1904. 
Entomological  Notes, 
The  Weed  Leopard  Koth. 
Writing  from  Crawley,  a  correspondent  observes :  “  I  am 
sending  you  a  small  piece  of  Apple  branch  with  a  grub  or 
maggot  of  some  kind  within.  Will  you  kindly  inform  me  in  the 
columns  of  the  Journal  of  Horticulture  what  it  is?  I  sliould 
also  be  glad  if  you  can  give  me  a  remedy  for  it. — Fkuit  Tree 
Pest.” 
The  grub  is  the  caterpillar  of  the  Wood  Leopard  Motli,  which 
occurs  freejuently  and  often  in  considerable  numbers,  as,  for 
instance,  in  Greenwich  Park  two  years  ago.  We  gave  a  figure 
of  the  moth,  together 
with  the  following 
notes,  a  year  ago,  but 
they  may  usefully  be 
reprinted :  The  cater¬ 
pillars  of  this  moth 
(Zeuzera  sesculi)  bur¬ 
row  into  the  wood  of 
different  kinds  of  trees, 
tunnelling  it,  and  so 
effecting  injury.  They 
are  particularly  de¬ 
structive  in  orchards 
of  Apples  and  Pears.  The  caterpillars  pupate  close  to  the 
entrance  of  the  tunnels.  The  pupa  forces  its  way  partly  out 
of  the  wood  previous  to  the  moth  emerging.  The  moth  (of 
•which  a  life-size  figure  of  a  female  is  given)  is  seen  from  the 
end  of  June  until  August.  The  body  and  rvings  are  greyish, 
with  dark  spots  on  the  wings.  The'  caterpillars  live  for  two 
years  and  pupate  in  May.  They  are  2in  to  3in  in  length, 
yellowish  or  brown  in  colour,  and  make  tunnels  in  the  stems 
of  branches  of  ^in  in  diameter.  The  eggs  are  oval  orange 
bodies,  laid,  on  the  stems  and  branches  of  trees.  The  remedies 
are  the  cutting  off  and  burning  infested  branches  in  Avinter, 
placing  .small  lumps  of  cyanide  of  potassium  (a  deadly  poison) 
in  the  holes,  and  closing  the  latter  Avith  clay.  This  kills  the 
caterpillars.  For  fuller  information  we  Avould  refer  to  the 
Board  of  Agriculture  Leaflet,  No.  60. 
Employers  and  Employes. 
Members  of  the  Der'on  and  Exeter  Gardeners’  Association 
folloAved  with  keen  intere.st  a  paper  read  by  Mr.  Mackay,  of  the 
Roya,l  Nurseries,  at  the  recent  meeting  of  that  society,  on  the 
relationship  that  should  exist  betAA'een  employers  and  employes. 
Mr.  Mackay  considered  that  the  first  aim  of  an  emplo.yer  of 
labour  of  any  kind  should  be  to  gain  the  esteem  and  confidence 
of  those  Avhom  he  employed.  That,  he  .said,  could  only  be 
attained  by  hi.s  a.ssuming  toAvards  them  a  firm  but  ea.sy  attitude, 
one  Avhich  they  might  at  once  respect,  but  not  fear,  for  fear  Avas 
the  mother  of  artfulness  and  cunning.  Many  employers  acted 
on  the  principle  that  kindly  feeling  bred  contempt  and  careless¬ 
ness.  In  many  cases  that,  upon  the  surface,  did  apiAcar  so,  but 
on  closer  examination  it  Avould  be  found  otherAvise.  "  Good  and 
intelligent  men  kncAv  rather  Iioav  to  appreciate  such  kindness. 
The  attitude  assumed  by  the  employer  Avould  be  copied  by  the 
employe.  The  action  of  an  employer  had  much  to  do  Avith  the 
making  of  his  men  and  keeping  them  hone.st  and  content. 
Mr.  Mackay  held  that  the  employers  of  to-day  had  to  thank 
those  of  former  generations  for  the  combinations  and  strikes  of 
Avorkmen  and  their  evil  consequences.  Had  the  old  masters 
lent  a  kindly  and  comsiderate  ear  to  the  grievances  of  their  men 
and  met  them  in  temperate  conference  Avith  a  view  to  their 
alleviation,  strikes  and  combines  Avould  have  been  unknoAvn, 
and  they  Avould  not,  in  these  clays,  haA’^e  had  to  suffer,  as  they 
all  did,  both  masters  and  men,  from  the  evdl  of  the  unioni.st  and 
the  agitator.  Speaking  of  the  conduct  of  the  employe,  he  said 
that  the  man  who  Avas  respectful  and  courteous  to  his  employer 
had  at  all  times  a  pleasant  AV'ay  of  meeting  him,  and  did  much 
to  aid  himself  in  gaining  a  position  of  favour.  The  moro.se  and 
ill-tempered  man  Avould  do  equally  as  much  to  repel  the 
approaches  of  hi.s  ma.ster  and  his  good  feelings  toAvards  him. 
The  greatest  po.ssible  good  for  his  employer  .should  be  the 
man’s  first  and  last  aim  during  the  Avorking  hours  of  the  day. 
The  ijiterest.s  of  employer  and  employe  Avere  identical.  Killing 
time  and  making  a  job  la.st  much  longer  than  it  otherAvise  Avould, 
Avas  one  of  the  graA’est  errors  of  the  IBritish  Avorkman.  In  some 
instances,  unfortunately,  it  Avas  approved  of  and  encouraged  by 
the  employer.  A  Avorkman  should  also  study  his  employer’s 
W'i.shes  and  de.sires,  remembering  that  he  Avho  paid  the  piper 
had  a  right  to  call  the  tune.  The  employe  should  .study  his 
employer’s  temperament,  and  try  to  please  him  by  a  clo.se  .study 
of  all  his  fads  and  fancies.  It  Avas  only  by  a  close  study  of  each 
other  by  both  master  and  man  that  a  kindly  relation  and  good- 
fellowship  could  exist  betAveen  them. 
.Continuing,  the  lecturer  asserted  that  an  employer  could  not 
possibly  expect  to  get  the  Avhole  of  a  man’s  time.  Mind  and 
body  required  other  recreation  besides  hard  Avork.  Unle.ss  they 
got  it  the  men  avouIcI  become  dissatisfied,  discontented,  and  un¬ 
happy.  In  every  engagement  of  a  gardener  or  garden  labourer 
there  should  be  an  understanding  as  to  notice.  A  head  gardener 
should  liaA'o  a  month’s  notice,  and  the  under  man  aAveek.  Where  a 
man  desired  to  leaA’e  in  order  to  imiDroAm  himself,  Mr.  Mackay 
.said  he  Avould  like  to  see  a  better  understanding  betAveen  the 
parties  than  that  AA'hich  at  pre.sent  existed.  It  Avas  generally 
the  rule  for  the  employer  to  get  rid  of  a  man  immediately  he 
spoke  of  improvement  or  Avished  to  better  himself. 
Gadding  and  Gathering. 
The  Greenhouse  at  Kew. 
The  folloAving  plants  Avere  in  floAver  in  the  greenhouse,  Royal 
Gardens,  Kcav,  on  February  25: — Cinerarias,  florists’  and  stel¬ 
late  ;  W  istaria  chinensis,  and  its  Avhite  Amriety ;  “  Dutch  ” 
Hyacinths  in  many  colours,  as  Avell  as  .such  other  bulboms  sub¬ 
jects  as  Veltheimia  viridifolia,  Paper-Avhite  Narcissus,  N. 
Empress  (tAvelve  floAvers  in  a  6in  pot),  N.  Tazetta  Grand 
Monarque,  N.  Barn  Orphee;  Avhite  Duo  Van  Thol  Tulip,  and 
scarlet  ditto ;  also  the  varieties  Thomas  Moore  and  Ophir  d’Or. 
Star  and  florists’  Primulas,  including  in  the  latter  .such  named 
sorts  as  Sutton’s  Duchess  (very  Avell  groAvn),  and  Giant  Blue  and 
Giant  Pink,  and  Red  Lady  (a  gem).  It  is  Avorthy  of  note  that 
some  plants  of  Star  W^hite  have  been  groAvn  on  as  tAvo-year-old 
plants,  being  noAv  in  Sin  pots  and  forming  massive,  bushy  plants, 
some  2ft  through,  and  as  deep,  smothered  with  floAvers.  _  This 
particular  A’ariety  is  palm-leaved,  with  dark  stems;  it  is  the 
most  popular  of  all. 
While  referring  to  the  Primulas  it  is  interesting  and  novel 
to  see  them  planted  out,  and  beneath  shrubs,  too !  But  the 
plants  here  make  a  fair  shoAving,  dotted  lightly  as  they  are 
over  the  surface  of  a  peaty,  sandy  bed  containing  Acacias;  Avhile 
Lomaria  gibba  and  Aspidium  angulare  also  assist  the  general 
effect. 
Carnations  are  represented  together  Avith  Jacobinia  Ghie,s- 
breghtiana,  Chorizema  elegans.  Primula  keAvensi.s  (hybrid), 
Azalea  .sinensis  vars.,  A.  indica  var.s..  Primus  cerasifera  atro- 
purpurea,  Senecio  Petasites  (large,  single-stemmed  plants  Avith 
yelloAV  floAvers),  Rhododendrons  prsecox,  Cytisus  fragrans.  Peri- 
strophe  speciosa,  Cheiranthus  keAA’ensis  (a  hybrid  Wallflower). 
It  is  in  Sin  pots,  forming  shapely  round  bushes  quite  3ft  high, 
and  nearly  the  same  in  diameter.  The  plants  are  studded  with 
short  inflorescences  of  golden-chestnut  floAvers,  going  off  to 
bronze-purple.  This  plant  received  an  aAvard  of  merit  recently 
Avhen  staged  by  Messrs.  Veitch  and  Sons. 
Jasminum  primulinum  is  here  and  making  good  growth. 
C’annas  are  in  bloom ;  also  Spiraea  Van  Houtte,  Sparinannia 
africana,  Callas,  Solanum  capsicastrum  (avcII  berried),  Hibbertia 
dentata  (flowering  on  the  roof).  Oranges  (Citrus  aurantium),  and 
Eupatorium  petiolare.  This  Mexican  species  Avas  certificated  at 
the  last  meeting  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  Avhen  .staged 
by  Messrs.  Cannell  and  Sons.  The  plant  here  is  oyer  6ft  high, 
occupying  a  place  on  the  south  central  bed  ;  but  it  is  in  pots. 
CliA'ia  miniata  vars.  and  small  Japanese  Acers  (A.  pal- 
matum,  &c.)  freshen  the  .stages,  and  Leptospermum  scoparium 
is  just  opening  its  stari’y  Avliite  floAvers.  Eupatorium  riparium, 
and  tiny  plants  of  Coleus  thyrsoideus  in  3in  and  4in  pots,  the 
single  stems  bearing  terminal  panicles,  furnish  a  pretty  piece 
of  colour.  Kcav  is  ever  trying  neiv  Avays,  and  generally  manages 
to  make  a  very  good  lead.  One  must  not  omit  the  quaintly 
beautiful  Grevillea  Thellemanniana  Avhich  is  most  creditably 
staged  here,  and  is  noAV  nicely  in  flower.  Iris  reticulata  is  also 
found  in  pots.  ■  n  ^  i 
Rising  from  amongst  a  varied  batch  of  specialty  fine  Cycla¬ 
mens  on  a  side  stage  are  varieties  of  healthy  Clematis  sup.- 
ported  bv  a  single  slender  stake.  Pteris,  Cyperus  alternifolius, 
and  small  plants  of  Kentia  Sanderiana  are  used  Avith  the  floAver- 
ing  plants. 
Kennedya  prostrata  Marryatie,  Cestruin  (or  Habrothamnus) 
elegans,  and  Tibouchina  macrantha  are  floAvering  as  pillar  and 
roof  plants.  Primus  japonica  (double-flowered  Avhite)  is  vei-y 
shoAvy  mixed  AA’ith  Peristrophe  and  Acacia  armata  undulata,  AA’ith 
Primulas  undenieath.  The  Camellias,  particularly  C.  reticulata, 
make  a  brilliant  displav.  Agapetes  buxifolia  is  also  here,  and  is 
planted  out.  IMagnolia  .stellata.  Primus  persica  (double  flowered 
rose  variety),  Pyrus  floribunda,  Loropetalum  chinensis.  Acacia  ob- 
liqua,  Epacrises  in  many  varieties.  Begonia  Mrs.  Leopold  de  Roth¬ 
schild  (Lorraine  type),  'Lily  of  the  Valley,  and  lastly,  fifteen  pots 
of  Hippeastrums  bearing  scapes  of  three  or  four  really  hand¬ 
some  fioAA’ers,  combine  to  furnish  a  very  creditable  display.  An 
oddity  included  in  the  house  is  Aniorphophallus  Rivieri,  one 
yard  high,  Avith  dark  purple  spathes  and  spadix,  and,  of  course, 
Avithout  foliage.  There  are  tAvo  plants,  each  in  a  large  pot. 
