April  21.  Ism 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
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heights  among  them.  The  tallest  growing  should  he  mainly 
placed  towards  the  rear  of  the  border,  hut  some  may  he  planted 
to  the  front  of  the  border.  The  following  is  a  selection  m 
alphabetical  ordei-  of  hardy  herbaceous  plants  suitable  for  fur¬ 
nishing  a  bo-rder  :  — Anemone  (Windflower),  Arabis,  Aubrietia, 
Aly.ssum,  Acpiilegia,  Aconitiim,  Astromei’ia,,  Aster,  Astilbe,  Boc- 
conia  cordata,  Beilis  perennis,  Centranthus,  Campanula,  Chrys¬ 
anthemum,  lioronicum.  Delphinium,  Dianthus,  Dicentra,  Ery- 
thronium,  Echinops,  Eremuius,  Erigeron,  Eryngium,  Gaillardia, 
Gentian,  Geum,  Gladiolus,  Gypsophila.  Helenium,  Helianthus, 
Heuchera.  Helleborus,  Iberis,  Iris,  Kniphofia,  Lathyrus,  Lych¬ 
nis,  Oenothera,  Pmonia,  Papaver.  Phlox.  Potentilla,  Banunculns, 
Saxifraga,  Sedum,  Thalictrum,  Veronica.  The  above  comprise 
spring,  summer,  and  autumn  flowering  plants  of  great  deco¬ 
rative  value,  whether  the  flowers  are  left  on  the  plants  or  cut. 
No  hard  and  fast  rule  can  be  laid  down  as  to  selection,  as  all  do 
not  appreciate  the  same  plants,  therefore  opportunities  must 
he  taken  to  discard  those  of  the  least  interest  and  cultivate  the 
species  of  special  value  to  the  grower. 
WALL  CLI^MBEBS. — The  commencement  of  growth  is  a 
suitable  time  to  plant  Wistarias,  Bignonias,  Clematis,  Ampelop- 
sis.  Noisette,  Evei'green,  and  hybrid  climbing  Roses.  Obtain 
strong  plants,  established  in  pots.  On  being  turned  out  into 
well-prepared  soil,  the  roots  loosened  from  the  hall,  carefully 
spreading  them  out,  active  growth  will  soon  follow,  and  the 
plants  be  quickly  established.  When  the  weather  becomes  dry, 
water  must  be  affoided,  and  during  the  hotte.st  periods  of  the 
year  a  mulching  over  the  roots  will  be  of  great  service  in 
retaining  moisture.  Syringing  will  also  be  beneficia,!  in  ensuring 
cleanliness  and  keeping  down  in.sects. 
MARIGOLDS  AND^  TAGETES.— Double  African  and  double 
and  single  Ph-ench  ^Marigolds  and  Tagetes  signata  pumila  are 
better  for  being  sown  about  the  present  time  thinly  in  boxes  cr 
frames.  When  not  grown  in  a  crowded  condition  they  may  1  e 
tramsplanted  direct  to  their  flowering  po.sitions.  Pricking 
them  out  separately  is,  however,  the  most  certain  method  of 
keeping  them  sturdy. 
SOAVING  ASTPIRS  OUTDOORS.— China  Asters  may  be  sown 
outdoors  during  the  next  fortnight,  not  where  they  are  required 
to  flower,  but  in  a  sheltered  corner  or  in  a  cold  frame  sheltered 
liy  a  light  until  the  seed  germinates.  The  plants  resulting  '.  ill 
be  .sturdy  and  suitable  for  late  planting.  Stocks  may  also  be 
sown. — P].  D.  S.,  Gravesend. 
'  - - - 
Diseased  Shoot  ol  Cox’s  Pomona  Apple. 
The  portion  of  shoot  shown  in  the  figure  at  A  is  of  such 
phenomenal  character  as  to  claim  illustration  and  recordation 
in  the  Journal  of  Horticulture,  for  it  is,  so  far  as  I  am  aware, 
the  first  in.stance  of  the  de.struction  of  Apple-tree  buds  by  mites. 
These  I  found  in  the  buds  examined,  or  evidence  of  their'eurrent 
or  recent  presence,  by  the  complete  transformation  of  the 
central  axis,  growing  point,  or  hnd,  into  cellular  tissue,  instead 
of  the  normal  embryonic  leafy,  floral,  or  stem  formation 
enveloped  in  scales,  there  being  also  the  erinenm  or  hairs  that 
usually  re.sult  from  gall-mite  attack. 
The  shoot  A  was  quite  normal  between  the  joints  or  buds, 
sound  in  bark,  wood,  and  pith,  while  the  buds  were  more  or  less 
swollen,  either  in  themselves  or  in  the  tissue  immediately 
adjacent,  though  in  some  cases  the  buds  were  .shrunken,  and 
the  true  bud  part  in  every  instance  small,  dead,  and  undeve¬ 
loped.  The  consequence  is  no  growth  can  take  place,  as  the 
growing  points  or  central  axes  of  the  huds  are  all  killed,  and 
the  sender,  “  H.  D.,”  stated  the  affection  developed  upward  in 
the  .shoot,  this  becoming  brown,  shrivelled,  and  dead. 
On  examining  the  buds,  the  first  A  f,  had  some  browned  and 
dead  tissue,  and  contained  eelworms  (Aphelenchus  sp.),  both 
adults,  P^  X  and  y,  and  young  z,  and  there  being  some  erinenm 
or  hairs  a  mite  was  sought  for  and  discovered,  shown  at  D. 
JiCading  up  to  this  as  cause  of  the  disease  was  the  fact 
demonstrated  by  the  condition  of  the  wood  shown  at  B,  the  affec¬ 
tion  being  confined  to  the  bud,  this  being  perforated  internally 
and  galled,  the  erinenm  or  hairs  being  more  pronounced,  and  no 
jn’esence  of  dead  tissue.  The  bud  A  b,  however,  gave  the  best 
evidence  of  gall-mite  infection,  shown  at  C,  and  the  mite  on 
the  hairs  is  shown  at  PI. 
The  references  will  sufficiently  explain  the  phenomenal 
nature  of  the  infection  and  conclusively  as  to  the  cause.  The 
((uestions  are:  1.  What  are  the  mites P  2.  AVhat  are  the  eel- 
worms  ? 
1.  The  mite,  D,  accords  in  most  particular  points  of  confor¬ 
mation  with  the  Nut  tree  mite  (Phjdoptus  avellanse),  but  differs 
somewhat  in  its  work,  which  is  the  best  distinctive  relegation 
of  identity,  for  it  does  not  gall  the  Apple  buds  nearly  so  much 
as  the  Nut  tree  mite  does  those  of  the  Hazel,  Cob,  and  P'ilbert, 
and  it  certainly  is  different  from  the  Apple  tree  leaf  mite,  which 
causes  hairy  spots  on  Crab  and  Apple  leaves,  but  does  not  gall 
the  leaves.  The  latter  was  called  Erinenm  mali,  no\v  Phytoptus 
mali.  Neither  is  it  Phytoptus  pyri,  for  this  species  does  not 
gall  Pear  tree  huds,  therefore  I  may  be  pardoned  in  pro¬ 
visionally  naming  the  Apple  bud  mite  Phytoptus  mali. 
Po.ssibly,  however,  the  infection  may  be  exceptional,  still  it  is 
well  worth  notice  by  Apple  growers  in  order  to  prevent  so 
ruinous  an  invasion  as  the  Apple  bud  mite  must  prove  in  case 
of  its  becoming  general  in  gardens,  plantations,  and  orchards. 
2.  The  eelworms.  F,  evidently  belong  to  the  genus  Aphelen- 
chus,  and  are  probably  the  same  that  cause  brown,  turning 
black  and  shining  blotches  on  Apple  leaves,  and  may  have 
attacked  the  bud  A  f  through  inducement  of  its  soft  nature  as 
consequence  of  the  wet  season  1903,  or  more  probably  from  the 
concurrent  infection  by  the  mite.  It  accords  very  closely  with 
the  “Cauliflower  disease’'  eelworm  of  the  Strawberry  and 
named  Aphelenchus  fragarise,  but  may  provi.sionally  be  called 
Aphelenchus  mali,  though  I  do  not  regard  it  as  more  than 
a  very  exceptional  infection.- - G.  Abbey. 
Shoot  of  Cox’s  Pomona  Apple  with  mites  in  the  Buds, 
A.  Portion  of  shoot,  .as  submitted  by  ‘  •  II.D.  ”  to  the  Editor  of  the  '  ‘Journal 
of  lloiticulture  for  examination  and  report,  April  11th,  1904  ;  a,  lower  part 
where  sound  in  b;  rk,  wood  and  pith ;  b,  bud  swollen  and  tissue  slightly  excres- 
cenced  aroi  nd  .and  below;  c.  buds  quite  small  and  dead-looking,  but  tbsuei 
sbghtly  excrescenced  below  the  joint ;  d,  bud  sm.all  and  dead,  but  (issue  .around 
swollen  and  tlightly  shrunken  on  surface;  e,  bud  quite  indistinct  and  slightly 
swollen  ;  /.  shrunken  tissue  around  sunken  bud  ;  (j,  upper  part  of  shoot  where 
evidently  pruned  to,  and  sound  in  bark  and  wood. 
B.  Portion  of  shoot  A,  above  and  below  bud  d,  showing,  .at  lower  pari—/;, 
bark  healthy  ;  i,  woed  sound;  i,  pith  clear  at  upper  part;  k,  bark  he.althy  ;  f, 
wood  sound  ;  iii,  pith  clear  ;  n,  small  openings  in  tissue  beneath  bark  ;  <>.  section 
of  bud  cut  through  vertically ;  p,  perforations  in  tissue  of  bud  and  entire 
obliteration  of  central  axis  or  growing  point. 
C  Section  through  bud  A,  h  ;  q,  outer  bark.slightly  corrugated  ;  r,  inner  bark 
or  cellular  tissue  in  place  of  bud  scales ;  s.  interior  of  bud  composed  of  cellular 
tissue;  t,  apertures  in  cellular  tissue  and  with  erineum  or  hairs  issuing  from 
surface  of  passages,  x  3. 
I)  Mite  (Phytoptus  m.ali)  evident  cause  of  diseased  buds,  x  2 IP. 
E.  Bit  of  tissue  from  gall  C  at  f ;  w,  cellular  tissue;  «,  erineum  or  hairs ; 
w,  mite  (Phytoptus  mali),  x  109. 
F  Eelworms  from  de.ad,  shrunken  and  decayed  bud,  A  f ;  .r,  male  ;  y,  female ; 
z,  young  ;  A]  hslenchus,  sp.  x  lOO. 
