JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
381 
May  5,  1904. 
with  no  partitions,  where  the  clranglit  will  havt?  a  clean  sweep 
underneath  the  gutters.  I  try  to  give  air  every  day.  even  in 
the  coldest  weather,  when  I  can  only  open  the  ventilators  to 
their  full  height  and  sliut  them  down  again  at  once,  as  a  change 
or.  air  is  always  most  desirable. 
In  fini.shing  my  remarks  in  regard  to  giowing  Liberty,  I 
suppose  some  of  you  will  be  disappointed  in  not  hearing  some 
.sensational  statement  almost  boi  dering  on  a  witchcraft  way  of 
growing;  but,  instead  of  that,  you  have  heard  nothing  but 
plain  everyday  facts,  which  most  of  you  know,  ought  to  know, 
or  have  known.  And  last,  but  not  least,  success  will  lie  only 
with  that  grower  who,  is  ever  watching,  who  has  his  grip  on  the 
situation  every  day  and  all  the  time,  never  relaxing  in 
enthusiasm  in  his  fa.scinating  and  noble  occupation,  constantly 
studying  the  surrounding  conditions  which  confront  him  with 
new  varieties,  higher  standards  in  quality,  and  an  ever-changing 
market. 
Book  Notice. 
Systematic  Pomology.* 
This  is  a  book  of  28o  pages,  treating  of  the  description, 
nomenclature,  and  classification  of  fruits,  by  F.  A.  Waugh,  pro¬ 
fessor  of  horticulture  and  landscape  gardening,  Massachusetts 
Agricultural  College,  U.S.A. 
In  the  opening  chapter,  pomology  in  general,  the  author 
introduces  his  snl)ject  as  follows: — “Pomology  is  the  science 
of  fruits.  The  definition  is  sometimes  made  to  read  thus : 
‘Pomology  is  the  knowledge  of  fruits,’  or  even  as  follows: 
‘  Pomology  is  the  study  of  fruits.’  But  study  must  result  in 
knowledge  if  it  have  any  result  at  all,  and  knowledge  must  be 
classified  if  it  have  any  purpose  or  use,  and  classified  knowledge 
is  science.  Therefore,  when  Ave  study  fruits  in  any  way  so  as 
to  get  some  knowledge  of  them  we  have  the  materials  of 
pomology,  and  whenever  Ave  classify  the  knoAvledge  gained  by 
our  study  aa'o  have  the  science  of  pomology. 
“  The  science  of  pomology  separates  naturally  into  tAA'o  sub¬ 
divisions,  viz.,  sxjsiematir  pomology  awd  prartiral  pomology.  The 
former  deals  Avith  our  kiroAvledge  of  the  fruits  themselves,  and 
the  trees,  birshes,  or  vines  on  Avhich  they  groAv — the  latter 
deals  Avith  our  knoAvledge  of  the  practice  of  fruit  groAving.  This 
classification  does  not  a.ssume  that  practical  pomology  is  more 
‘  practical,’  in  the  vulgar  usage  of  that  adjective,  than 
.systematic  pomology.  Practical  pomology  is  practical  simply 
because  it  deals  Avith  the  ‘  practice  ’  of  groAAung  fruits  Avithout 
concei-ning  itself  about  the  hi.story,  character,  names,  or 
cla.ssification  of  the  fruits  them.selves. 
“  The  modern  evolution  of  business  has  made  the  natural 
subdivision  of  pomology  into  tAvo  branches  someAvhat  inade- 
(piate  to  the  circumstances,  especially  in  North  America.  Fruit 
gi  OAA  ers  have  found  more  and  moi'e  that  the  fullest  knoAviedge  of 
the  fruits  themselves,  combined  Avith  utmost  proficiency  in  the 
practice  of  fruit  groAving,  Avas  insufiicient  to  their  needs.  To 
these  they  have  been  compelled  to  add  an  extensive  and  com¬ 
plicated  knoAvledge  of  fruit  marketing.  This  make.s  a  third 
department  of  pomological  science.  This  knoAvledge  of  Iioav 
to  market  fruit  may  properly  be  called  commercial  pomology. 
“These  three  branches  are  very  intimately  I’elated.  In 
order  to  groAv  fruit  successfully  one  ought  to  knoAV  all  the 
characters  and  relationships  of  the  varieties  Avhich  he  culti¬ 
vates.  In  order  to  sell  at  a  profit  it  is  ahvays  necessary,  first, 
to  have  it  AA'eil  groAvn  and  correctly  named. 
“  Yet  the  three  branches  are  easily  .separated.  It  is  no 
uncommon  thing  to  find  a  man  aaIio  knoAvs  at  a  glance  all  the 
leading  varieties  of  Apples  or  Plums,  Avith  their  correct  names, 
and  Avho  is  yet  not  capable  of  groAving  any  of  the  varieties 
successfully.  That  man  Avould  be  a  good  systematic  pomologist, 
but  a  poor  practical  one.  The  next  man  may  be  able  to  groAv 
the  finest  grades  of  fruit,  and  yet  be  unable  to  market  it  at 
a  profit.  Such  a  man  Avould  be  strong  on  practical  pomology, 
but  AA'cak  on  the  commercial  side.” 
Hoav  true  is  the  foregoing  applied  to  British  pomology,  a 
AA'ord  meaning  literally  the  science  ' of  fruits,  and  in  it.self  a 
mongiel,  being  a  combination  of  the,  Latin  aa'oixI  pomum 
(fruit)  and  the  Greek  word  logos  (discour.se,  treatise,  or  science). 
The  .science  of  fruits  is  aaoU  .set  foi'th  in  Dr.  Hogg’s  “Fruit 
Manual.”  and  the  practice  of  groAving  fruits  in  the  “Fruit 
Gro AVer’s  Guide,”  and  many  other  Avorks,  but  the  marketing  of 
fruits  is  practically  a  nonentity  as  regards  the  commercial  side, 
and  confined  to  market  groAvers  and  salesmen.  True,  there  is 
the  WoiAshipful  Company  of  Fruiterers’  Gold  Medal  Essay  by 
Mr.  H.  LeAvis  Castle  on  “Packing  and  Selling  Fruit  and  Vege¬ 
tables,”  and  many  other  articles  in  other  gardening  works  on 
the  subject,  but  for  all,  the  home-groAvn  fruits  are  marketed 
in  such  ungraded  samples  by  many  groAvers  as  to  disgust  sales- 
’  Oianjie  .fudd  Company,  52,  Lafayette  Place,  Xcav  York.  Price,  postpaid, 
1  dollar. 
men,  and  place  the  products  at  a  disadvantage  in  competition 
AAith  imported.  Besides,  piactical  pomology  hardly  obtains  in 
the  generality  of  cottage  and  farm  gardens,  so  that  the 
strength  of  British  pomology  is  moi'e  exmuplified  in  books  than 
in  the  garden,  plantation,  and  orchard,  least  of  ail  in  ttie 
marketing. 
“  More  ready  scientific  Avork  is  being  done  uoav  in  the  study 
of  fruits  than  Avas  ever  done  before  in  this  country,  and  more 
persons  are  interested  in  knoAving  the  best  methods  for  the 
study  of  systematic  pomology,”  says  our  author,  and  it  is 
certain  that  intere.st  in  the  Jlritish  Islands  should  not  be  less 
than  obtains  in  the  United  States  and  other  countries  that 
export  fruits,  and  more  or  less  affect  home-groAvn. 
Sy.stematic  pomology,  according  to  Profe.ssor  F.  A.  Waugh, 
is  found  to  comprise  three  distinc^:  subjects:  (1)  description. 
Corylopsis  pauciflora.  (See  page  386.) 
(2)  nomenclature,  and  (3)  classification.  On  the  first  the  author 
notes  the  importance  of  not  relying  on  memory,  but  of  fully 
Avriting  out  tlie  description,  and  gives  a  blank  descriptive  form 
under  the  heads  of  variety  :  habit  of  groAvth,  height  of  plant, 
length  of  fruit-.stalks,  colour  of  foliage.  Fruit:  Iioav  produced, 
form,  colour,  dimensions,  seeds.  Flesh :  colour,  texture,  quality. 
Such  records  afford  an  excellent  guide  and  ready  reference, 
especially  as  there  are  blank  spaces  for  inserting  such  parti¬ 
culars  in  respect  of  habit,  as  upright,  spreading,  open,  close¬ 
headed,  round-topped,  or  irregular.  Or  of  productivity,  as 
prolific,  coming  early  into  bearing,  very  light  and  late  cropping, 
bearing  abundantly  in  alternate  years;  or  of  hardiness  -and 
degree  of  subject  to  disease,  recording  degree  of  both,  not 
omitting  vigour  of  tree,  colour  of  bark  or  young  Avood.  Foliage 
as  a  AA'hole  : — Abundant,  sparse,  healthy,  dark  green,  or  some 
other  colour,  subject  to  di.sease  or  marked  by  other  charac- 
teri.stic,  even  the  individual  leaf  being  given  critical  attention 
as  regards  surface,  such  as  smooth,  rough,  rugose, 
tomentose,  lanate,  Avooliy,  hairy — glandless  or  with  glands — 
orbicular  or  reniform. 
These  data  are  to  be  supplemented  by  general  notes  in 
respect  of  peculiarities  of  soil  and  location,  which  may  have 
influenced  the  specimens  :  facts  Avith  re.gard  to  the -  storage  of 
the  specimens;  notes  on  iasect  or  fungus  injuries;  general 
