September  24,  19C3.  JOURNAL  CF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
299 
substances  are  also  protective.  Young  leaves  of  Gentiana  lutea 
and  Menyanthes  trifoliata  are  scarcely  touched,  though  extracted 
leaves  are  at  once  devoured.  In  autumn  the  bitter  sub.stance.s 
ap.pfar  to  be  no  longer  efficacious. 
RASPBERRIES  FRUITING  ON  CURRENT  YEAR’S 
CANES  (W.  A.,  Shrewsbury). — We  assume  that  ycu  refer  to  the 
summer-bearing  varieties,  such  as  Red  Antwerp.  Baumforth’s 
Seedling,  Fastolf,  Superlative,  <S:c.,  which  generally  produce  the 
fruit  on  growths  from  the  canes  formed  in  the  previous  season. 
In  such  case  it  is  somewhat  unusual  for  these  summer-bearing 
varieties  to  bear  fruit  on  the  current  year’s  growth,  though  it 
sometimes  occurs  on  a  lateral  here  and  there,  and  eveii  ter¬ 
minally,  especially  when  the  canes  arc  very  vigorous,  and  the 
season  uncommonly  wet.  We  have  also  noticed  that  when  the 
growths  from  the  previous  year’s  canes  are  damaged  by  spring 
frosts,  the  current  year’s  growths  are  subject  to  bear  fruit 
late  in  the  summer.  Of  course,  it  is  not  uncommon  for  last 
year’s  canes  to  bear  fruit  on  the  current  growths  when  cut  over 
close  to  the  ground,  even  in  the  case  of  the  siummer-bearing 
varieties,  and  this  practice  obtains  with  the  autumn-bearing 
kinds  which  are  cut  over  at  the  ground  annually,  and  thus 
produce  fruit  on  the  current  year’s  growth  in  late  summer  and 
early  autumn. 
HEDGE  FOR  SHELTER  AND  PROFIT  (E.  R.).— There  is  a 
great  difference  between  a  hedge  for  protection  and  the  term  as 
applied  to  a  shelter.  In  the  case  of  a  hedge  that  must  form  a 
barrier  against  men  and  animals  the  trimming  necessary  to  form 
and  maintain  a  close  growth  is  fatal  to  the  production  of  fruit, 
though  we  have  seen  fairly  good  crops  of  Damsons  on  bushes 
planted  so  closely  as  to  form  a  hedge  in  thi'ee  or  four  years,  only 
the  straggling  growths  being  shortened  from  time  to  time  so  as  to 
prevent  too  much  encroachment,  and  maintain  a  relatively  com¬ 
pact  growth.  The  best  subject  for  the  purpose  is  the  Kentish 
Cluster,  Farleigh,  or  Crittenden  Damson,  a  mere  wildling,  but  no 
fruit  tree  has  been  more  extensively  planted  as  shelter-screens 
to  fruit  plantations,  and  the  profusion  of  fruit  it  bears,  even  in 
exposed  situations,  can  scarcely  be  credited.  Indeed,  it  is  a  good 
tree  as  a  protection  from  gales  on  the  outsides  of  fruit  planta¬ 
tions  or  gardens,  especially  when  the  ground  on  both  sides  of  the 
hedge  is  in  one  person’s  holding,  they  may  be  advantageously 
planted  in  the  hedges,  and  a  quantity  of  fruit  taken  where 
larger  trees  would  be  an  objection,  sides  of  roads  and  near  foot¬ 
paths  being  avoided.  W^here  a  fence,  not  to  be  kept  very  trim, 
is  de.sired,  bushes  should  be  planted,  say  a  yard  apart,  and  after 
the  hedge  is  as  high  as  desired  every  fourth  or  fifth  tree  may 
be  allowed  to  grow  up  and  form  a  head,  which,  well  pruned  in 
for  a  few  years,  soon  become  symmetrical,  are  beautiful  in  flower, 
and  more  so  when  laden  with  their  rich  violet  fruit.  Cob  Nuts 
are  not  .suitable  for  exposed  situations,  do  not  form  a  good  bar¬ 
rier,  and  do  not  bear  w’ell  unless  the  growths  are  relatively  thin. 
Cherries,  unless  Kentish,  do  not  succeed  as  screens.  Semi-wild, 
only  irregular  growths  being  pruned  in,  that  variety  bears  enor¬ 
mously,  also  Morello,  especially  when  trained  to  a  wire  trellis  of 
5ft  or  6ft  height.  We  advise  the  Damson  for  your  position. 
NAMES  OF  PLANTS. — Correspondents  loliose  queries  are  un¬ 
answered  in  the  vresent  isstce  are  respectfully  requested  to  consult  the 
following  number.  (F.  W.). — The  Roses  were  subjected  to  an  expert, 
who  declined  to  give  them  names,  saying  they  were  altogether  out  of 
character  at  this  late  season.  Your  better  plan  would  be  to  send  good 
specimens  next  summer  to  a  leading  Rose-gi'ower.  (F.  T.). — The  Ivies 
are:  1,  amurensis;  2,  dentatus;  3,  atro-purpurea  ;  4.  aurea  speetabilis  ; 
5,donerailiensi8  minor;  and  6, Emerald  Green.  (.J.Thom). — 1,  Clematis 
grseca ;  2,  C.  graveolens ;  3,  Corylus  Avellana  aurea ;  4,  Berberis 
nepalensis ;  5,  Quereus  coeeinea.  (A.  C.). — 1,  Taseonia  digitata  ;  2. 
Weigela  Eva  Rathke ;  3,  Acer  colehieum  rubrum.  (Bury). — 1 
Fuchsia  virgata. 
NAMES  OF  FRUITS. — Correspondents  whose  queries  are  un¬ 
answered  in  the  present  issue  are  respectfully  requested  to  consult  the 
following  number.  (G.  F.  B.). — 1,  Frogmore  Prolific  ;  2.  Sandringham  ; 
3,  Cox’s  Pomona;  4,  Newton  Wonder;  5,  King  of  the  Pippins. 
(C.  N.  R.). — ^1,  Worcester  Pearmain  ;  2,  Lord  Burghley. 
Publication’s  Received. — “The  Animals’  Friend,”  contain¬ 
ing  “The  Sparrow  and  the  Government,”  Ac.  *  *  “Tropical 
Agriculturist,”  August,  1903,  containing  notices  of  the  latest 
book  on  Tea,  Vines  in  Hungary,  Cocoanut  Palms  and  their 
Enemies,  _  a  new  Fruit  Jelly  (roselle).  Pineapple  culture.  Soil 
Nitrification  and  Mosquitoes.  *  *  “  tJjq  Indian  Agricul¬ 
turist,”  September  1.  *  *  “  Le  Moniteur  d’Horticulture,” 
containing  a  coloui'ed  plate  of  Heucheras.  ♦  *  “  xhe  Orchid 
Review,”  September,  1903.  »  *  Practical  Advice  on  the 
Best  Vegetables  to  Grow  for  Home  Consumption  and  Exhibi¬ 
tion.”  Albert.  Upstone,  price  3d.  *  *  “Pall  Mall  Gazette,” 
containing  illustrated  article  on  the  new  pi-emises  and  offices  of 
that  paper.  *  *  The  Annual  Report  of*  the  National  Dahlia 
Society,  1903. 
Trade  Notes. 
Ant.  Roozen  &  Son  s  Bulb  Catalogue. 
No  more  complete  catalogue  of  Dutch  and  Cape  bulbs  exists 
than  that  of  Ant.  Roozen  and  Son,  of  Overveen,  near  Haarlem. 
It  is  not  an  illustrated  catalogue,  but  its  alphabetical  arrange¬ 
ment  and  clear  descriptions,  together  with  the  concise  cultural 
notes  given  under  each  genus,  makes  it  a  book  of  reference  for  all 
who  grow  bulbs;  and  as  such  we  recommend  it.  The  London 
agents  of  this  firm  arc  Mertens  and  Co.,  3,  Cross  Lane,  St.  Mary- 
at-Hill,  E.C. 
Messrs.  Baker  of  Codsall. 
Under  the  laconic  title,  “  Bakers’,  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen, 
Wolverhampton,”  we  have  I’eceived  a  notice  of  the  establishment 
of  this  new  firm.  The  manager  is  Mr.  G.  W.  Kerr  (late  of  the 
staff  of  Dobbie  and  Co.),  and  besides  the  Old  Hall  Nurseries  at 
Codsall,  Staffs.,  the  firm  has  opened  a  .shop  and  offices  at  67,  69, 
and  71,  Lichfield  Street,  Wolverhampton.  The  nursery  amounts 
to  about  100  acres,  and  there  are  specialists  for  every’  depart¬ 
ment.  Cottages  have  been  built  for  several  of  the  workmen,  a 
fine  residence  is  in  course  of  reconstruction  for  Messrs.  Baker,  a 
villa  for  the  manager,  and  a  huge  packing  warehouse,  with  the 
necessary  offices,  has  been  erected  in  a  convenient  position.  Under¬ 
neath  this  warehouse  are  dark  cellars  for  the  preservation  and  for 
the  retarding  of  bulbous  roots.  A  portion  of  the  ground  has 
been  already  covered  with  glass — some  60,000  feet — and  the 
glass  is  being  rapidly  extended.  In  five  of  the  glass  houses  no  less 
than  14  tons  of  Tomatoes  have  been  gathered  this  season.  The 
firm  has  nearly  40,000  Roses,  which  have  been  budded  this 
year.  Chry.santhemums  are  a  speciality,  for  there  is  now  to  be 
seen  a  magnificent  batch  of  20,000  in  pots,  whilst  there  is  also  a 
very  fine  collection  of  the  early  flowering  varieties.  Oh  Dahlias 
there  is  already  a  good  assortment.  Herbaceous  plants  will 
ultimately  cover  ten  acres  of  land. 
Necessary  Repairs  in  Farm  Buildings. 
When  the  cheerful  blaze  of  the  parlour  fire  is  a  thing 
to  be  most  appreciated,  as  it  is  this  September  14,  the 
evening  we  pen  these  lines  ;  when  the  rain  is  pouring  down 
in  toiTents  at  least  every  alternate  day,  and  the  wind 
remains  persistently  in  the  N.E.,  w’e  begin  to  ■wonder  bow 
soon  we  must  be  before  we  fetch  up  the  stock  to  winter 
quarters  in  the  yard  and  sheds.  There  is  plenty  of  food 
still  in  the  fields,  grass  in  abundance,  much  of  it  rank 
and  coarse  ;  but  still,  with  the  help  of  hand  food  might 
keep  stock  going  for  some  time.  But  the  continued  rains 
and  unusual  cold  will  cause  a  great  falling  off  in  the  condi¬ 
tion  of  the  stock,  and  we  prophesy  a  long  winter  within 
four  -walls. 
Landlords  in  the  matter  of  repairs  are  slow  to  move. 
It  is  not  that  they  do  not  appreciate  the  necessity  for 
action,  but  they  know  that  work  once  begun  takes  time, 
and  that  bricks  and  mortar  are  most  costly.  Of  course,  it 
will  be  said  that  work  should  never  be  allowed  to  fall  in 
arrears.  Quite  true ;  but  do  not  other  people  beside 
landlords  rather  like  to  put  off  the  evil  day  1  A  stitch  in 
time — we  all  know  the  proverb — and  a  bit  of  mortar  or  a 
few  bricks  inserted  at  once  Avill  prevent  a  great  breach  in 
the  future.  Some  farmers,  too,  are  very  loth  to  bother 
a  good  landlord  on  petty  matters  ;  would  rather  go  on 
the  as-we-were  principle.  Others,  again,  hate  to  take 
steps  which  appear  only  to  irritate  the  agent  and  put  his 
back  up.  In  the  days  of  farming  prosperity  the  occupier 
Avould  generally  do  all  sorts  of  little  jobs  himself,  and  say 
nothing  about  them  ;  that  is,  Avould  cheerfully  pay  out  of  his 
own  pocket.  We  know  of  one  set  of  farm  premises  that 
were  practically  re-modelled  bv  the  occupier  during  a  long 
tenancy  ;  not  only  were  the  buildings  put  into  good  work¬ 
ing  form,  but  the  dwelling  house  Ava.s  improved  and 
smartened.  With  what  result  ?  That  on  the  father’s  death 
the  son  found  it  impossible  to  come  to  terms  with  the 
