October  1,  1903. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER, 
321 
All  correspondence  relating  to  editorial  matters  should  be  directed 
to  “The  Editor,”  12,  INIitre  Coert  Chamders,  Fleet  Street, 
London,  E.C.  It  is  requested  that  no  one  will  write  privately 
to  any  of  our  correspondents,  seeking  information  on  matters 
discussed  in  this  Journal,  as  doing  so  subjects  them  to  unjustiti. 
able  trouble  and  expense.  In  naming  plants  we  only  undertake 
to  name  species,  or  well-marked  varieties,  and  only  six  on  any 
one  occasion.  Florists’  dowers  we  do  not  name. 
POTATOES  TO  NAME  (J.  G.). — The  varieties,  so  far  as  it  is 
possible  to  tell  from  single  tubers,  are  No.  1,  Up-to-Date;  No.  2, 
White  Elephant. 
CAKNATIONS  WITH  FLOWERING  SHOOTS  (A.  B.).— It 
is  hardly  likely  that  plants  with  no  “grass”  now  will  form  any 
this  season  sufficiently  strong  to  flower  another  season,  but  the 
roots  will  possibly  survive  the  winter  and  make  plenty  of 
growth  next  season,  and  flower  well  the  following  year.  The 
cuttings  should  not  be  torn  off  the  stem,  but  cut  so  as  to  have 
one  joint  clear  of  the  crown  leaves,  and  being  cut  transversely 
below  the  lowest  joint  they  should  have  the  leaves  from  it 
removed.  Insert  the  cuttings  in  sandy  soil  under  a  handlight, 
and  keep  them  .shaded  until  rooted. 
^  INE  LEAF  SPOTTED  (T.  T.). — The  spots  on  the  leaf  are 
caused  by  the  Vine  leaf  spot  fungus  (Cercospora  viticola).  It 
forms  irregular,  dry,  brown  spots  on  Vine  leaves,  and  is  most 
abundant  during  a  damp  season.  The  discolouration  extends 
through  the  leaf  more  or  less,  and  is  most  abundant  on  the 
lower  shaded  leaves.  The  disease  is  mainly  due  to  keeping  the 
house  too  close  and  moist;  indeed,  the  parasite  cannot  spread, 
if  indeed  live,  in  a  well-ventilated  atmosphere,  and  ivith  the 
foliage  fully  exposed  to  light.  We  are  not  aware  that  any  re¬ 
pressive  measures  have  been  taken  against  this  pest,  and  in  our 
experience  it  does  not  occur  or  reappear  when  the  temperature 
and  atmospheric  conditions  are  buoyant,  a  gentle  warmth  being 
maintained  in  the  hot  w^ter  pipes,  so  as  to  admit  of  a  circula¬ 
tion  of  air  in  dud,  cold,  damp  tveather.  The  season  has  no 
doubt  been  favourable  to  the  fungus,  the  wet  circumstances 
and  the  relatively  closer  and  inoister  atmosphere  being  re¬ 
sponsible  for  its  progress.  After  pruning  the  Vines  may  be 
dressed  with  a  solution  of  iron  suliihate,  lib  to  a  gallon  of  water, 
applying  with  a  brush  after  removing  the  loose  bark,  but 
being  careful  not  to  injure  the  live  bark.  Another  season 
ventilate  more  freely,  and  have  the  growths  .sufficiently  Jar  apart 
to  allow  the  leaves  full  exiiosure  to  light. 
MANURE  FROM  HORSES  THAT  ARE  BEDDED  DOWN 
WITH  SAWDUST  (Constant  Reader). — We  have  used  manure 
from  loo.se  boxes  in  which  hunting  horses  were  kept  and 
bedded  down  with  sawdust,  and  not  found  anj’  injurious  effects 
to  crops  in  cither  flower  or  kitchen  garden.',  or  even  on  grass  or 
arable  land.  The  only  objection  to  its  use  we  found  is  the 
liability  to  engender  fungi,  the  mycelium  of  some  of  which  spread 
from  the  sawdiLst  into  the  soil,  and  affected  the  crowns  of  plants 
prejudicially,  the  mould  either  directly  acting  on  the  rootstocks 
or  abstracting  the  nitrogen  in  the  soil,  and  thus  causing  a 
weakly  growth  in  the  crop  plant.  This  has  chiefly  occurred 
when  the  sawdust  manure  has  been  used  in  a  raw  state  and  as 
a  mulch  or  top-dressing.  We  have  also  used  the  sawdust 
manure  for  growing  Mushrooms.  For  ordinary  purposes  the 
manure  was  simply  prepared  by  throwing  into  a  heap  and 
soaking  thoroughly  with  liciuid  from  the  stable  draining  tanks, 
and  as  soon  as  heating,  and  before  becoming  so  hot  as  to  burn 
in  the  interior  of  the  heap,  turning,  and. again  wetting  if  neces¬ 
sary,  repeating  this  a  few  times  until  the  rankness  had  pas.sed 
off,  and  the  violent  heating  been  .subdued ;  then  the  heap  was 
allowed  to  rot  in  the  usual  way  of  manure  heaps  generally,  and 
used  in  the  ordinary  course  of  manuring  after  three  to  six 
months’  l.ying.  This  was  on  a  gravelly  soil  of  the  oolitic  forma¬ 
tion.  In  the  case  of  soil  of  a  clamp  and  vegetable  nature,  and 
perhaps  in  all  cases  of  peat  moss  or  sawdust  being  used  for 
bedding,  it  is  advisable  to  mix  with  the  manure  one-tenth  of 
quicklime,  .slaked  with  water  previous  to  use,  mixing  well  with 
the  manure  after  the  violent  heating  has  passed  off  and  the 
heap  thoroughly  mci.stened  throughout,  and  then  allow  to  rot 
for  a  few  months.  Some  prefer  to  .slake  the  lime  with  a  salt 
brine,  using  about  one  bushel  of  salt  to  six  bushels  of  lime,  the 
lime  being  slaked  to  a  dry  powder.  The  freshly  slaked  lime  is 
spread  in  layers  upon  the  manure,  thoroughly  moi.stened,  in  the 
proportion  of  about  two  bushels  of  lime  to  a  hundred  of  manure, 
the  layers  of  manure  being  about  Gin  thick,  building  up  from 
4ft  to  oft  high,  and  of  any  convenient  width  and  length.  The 
manure,  if  thus  treated  late  in  autumn,  will  be  ready  for  use 
in  the  following  spring,  and  during  that  time  it  should  bo 
turned,  outside  to  inside  and  top  to  bottom,  two  or  three 
times. 
GHRYSANTHEMUM  PLANT  V7ITH  LEAVES  BROWNED 
(X.  Y.  Z.). — The  plant  is  quite  sound  in  the  root-stem  and  stem 
above  ground,  but  the  leaves  are  all  dead,  blackened,  and  hang¬ 
ing  down,  and  lying  close  to  the  stem.  It  is  affected  by  the 
Chrysanthemum  leaf  blight  (Cylindrosporium  Chrysanthemi),  a 
parasitic  fungus  that  causes  dark,  large  blotches  to  appear  on 
the  leaves,  which  turn  yellow,  then  shrivel  up,  brown  or  black, 
and  the  diseased  lenves  hang  down  and  lie  close  to  the  .stein. 
When  attacked  the  flower  buds  do  not  expand,  or  very  in¬ 
differently.  No  doubt  the  wet  weather  had  a  considerable  effect 
on  the  foliage,  but  the  fungus  is  the  real  cause  of  the  collapse 
of  the  leaves,  and  for  it  no  treatment  has  had  any  apparent, 
effect.  Doubtless  the  be.st  course  is  to  burn  the  affected  leaves 
or  destroy  the  plant  as  soon  as  the  disease  is  observed. 
NAMES  OF  PLANTS. — Correspondents  xoliose  queries  are  un¬ 
answered  in  the  vresent  issue  are  respectfully  requested  to  consult  the 
following  number,  (A.  ().). — 1,  Hemerocallis  japonica  ;  2,  Saxifraga 
sarmentosa.  (F.  W.). — Lilioclendron.  tulipifera  (Hendon). — 1,  Genista 
cetnensis  ;  2,SpirEea  Thunbei’gi.  (H.N.R.). — 1,  Lychnis  Chalceclonica; 
2,  Clematis  flammula  ;  3,  Rhus  typhina.  (Filix). — 1,  Aspidiuin  molle; 
2,  Athyrium  Filix-foemina. 
NAMES  OF  FRUITS. — Correspondents  lohose  queries  are  un¬ 
answered  in  the  present  issue  are  respectfully  requested  to  consult  the 
following  number.  (Surrey). — 1,  Stirling  Castle ;  2,  Allington  Pippin  ; 
3,  Egremont  Russet.  (P.  W.). — Duchess  of  Oldenburg. 
- 1  I - 
Coient  Garden  Market.— Septemkr  30tli. 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.— Fruit 
s.  d.  s.  d 
A.pples,  cooking,  bush.  5  0  to  8  0 
,,  dessert, -i-bush,  5  0  9  0 
Bananas . 10  0 
Grapes,  Alicante,  lb.  ...  1  0 
Colman  .  0  9 
Hamburgh 
1  0 
15  0 
1  3 
1  3 
1  6 
s.  d.  s.  d 
Lemons,  Messina,  case  10  0tol5  0 
Oranges,  case  . 10  0  15  0 
Pears,  per  case,  48’s  ...  8  0  10  0 
,,  small,  i-sieve ...  6  0  7  0 
Pines,  St.  Michael’s  3  0  5  0 
Plums,  Switzens .  5  0  6  0 
Average  Wholesale 
s.  d.  s.  d 
Artichokes,  green,  doz.  2 
,,  Jerusalem,  sieve  1 
3atavia,  doz .  2 
3eet,  red,  doz .  0 
Brussels  Sprouts,  i-sieve  2 
labbages.  Spring,  tally  2 
larrots,  bunch  .  0 
Cauliflowers,  doz.  ...  1 
Celery,  per  bun.  of  8  ...  0 
Corn  Salad,  strike  ...  1 
Cos  Lettuce,  doz .  1 
Cucumbers  doz .  2 
Endive,  doz .  1 
Herbs,  bunch  .  0 
OtoO  0 
6 
0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
2  6 
0  0 
0  0 
0 
1  0 
1  3 
0  0 
0  0 
0 
0  0 
0 
0 
Prices.— Vegetables. 
Horseradish,  bunch  ... 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
Lettuce,  Cabbage,  doz. 
Mushrooms,  forced,  lb. 
Mustard  &  Cress,  doz. 
punnets . 
Onions,  bushel  . 
Parsley,  doz.  bnchs.  ... 
Potatoes,  cwt . 
Radishes,  doz . 
Scarlet  Runners,  bush. 
Spinach,  bush.  _ . 
Tomatoes,  English,  lb. 
Turnips,  bnch . 
s.  d.  s.  <I 
1  3  to  1  6 
0  2  0  2i 
0  6  0  0 
0  8  0  9 
0  0 
0  0 
0  3 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
®  2 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.— Plants  in  Pots 
Most  of  the  undermentioned  plants  are  sold  in  48  and  32 
d.  s.  d 
0tol2  0  Foliage  plants,' var,  each 
30  0  Grevilleas,  48’s,  doz.  ... 
36  0  Hydrangeas,  pink 
5  0  Lycopodiums,  doz.  ... 
2  6  Marguerite  Daisy,  doz. 
30  0  Myrtles,  doz . 
Palms,  in  var.,  doz.  ... 
,,  specimens 
Pandanus  Veitchi,  48’s, 
doz . 
Shrubs,  in  pots  . 
Solanums  ...  . 
s. 
ralias,  doz .  5 
raucaria,  doz . 12  0 
spidistra,  doz . 18  0 
hrysantbemums, lifted  4  0 
.  disbudded  specimens  1  0 
rotons,  doz . 18  0 
yperus  alternifolius 
doz.  ...  . 
racfena,  var.,  doz.  ... 
, ,  viridis,  doz.  . 
erns,  var.,  doz . 
small,  100 . 
icus  elastiea,  doz. 
hsized  pots 
d.  s.  d 
0to5  0 
4  0 
12  0 
9  0 
4  0 
10  0 
9  0 
5  0 
30  0 
18  0 
18  0 
16  0 
12  0 
s. 
1 
5  0 
12  0 
3  0 
6  0 
6  0 
15  0 
21  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
9  6 
30  0 
63  0 
24  0  30  0 
4  0  6  0 
5  0  6  0 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.— Cut  Flowers 
s.  d.  s.  d 
•urns,  doz . 
sparagus.  Fern,  bnch. 
irnations,  12  blooms 
ittleyas,  doz . 
oton  foliage,  bun.  ... 
rcas  leaves,  each 
icharis,  doz . 
irdenias,  doz . 
jranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
bnchs . 
y  leaves,  doz.  bun. ... 
Hum  Harris!  . 
aidenhair  Fern,  doz. 
bnchs . 
ly  of  Valley,  12  bnchs 
4  0  to  5  0 
10  2  0 
1  0 
10  0 
0  9 
0  9 
1  6 
1  6 
3  0 
1  6 
3  0 
4  0 
9  0 
1  6 
12  0 
1  0 
1  6 
0  0 
2  0 
4  0 
0  0 
3  6 
0  6 
15  0 
Marguerites,  white, 
doz.  bnchs . 
,,  yellow,  doz.  bnchs. 
Myrtle,  English,  bunch 
Odontoglossums . 
Orange  blossom,  bunch 
Roses,  Niphetos,  white, 
doz . 
,,  pink,  doz . 
,,  yellow,doz.(Perles) 
,,  Liberty,  doz . 
,,  Generals . 
Smilax,  bunch  . 
Stephanotis,  doz. 
Tuberoses,  gross . 
3.  d.  s.  d 
1  0  to  2  0 
10  0  0 
0  6  0  0 
4  0  0  0 
2  0  0  0 
1  0 
1  0 
1  6 
2  0 
1  0 
2  6 
3  0 
3  0 
1  6 
2  0 
2  0 
0  0 
1  6 
3  0 
4  0 
0  0 
