October  8,  1903. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
343 
GRAPE,  MUSCAT  OF  AVIGNON  (J.  C.).— We  do  not  know 
a  variety  of  this  name. 
BOOK  ON  APPLE  CULTURE  (F.  S.  A.).— Yon  will  find  Mr. 
H.  H.  Thomas’s  “Book  of  the  Apple”  (John  Lane,  London, 
2s.  6d.)  a  very  helpful  treatise. 
DESSERT  PEARS  FOR  WALL  FACING  EAST  IN  ORDER 
OF  RIPENING  AND  STEWING  PEARS  (New  Reader).— 
*Clapp’s.  Favourite,  *Triomphe  de  Vienne,  *Beurre  Superfin, 
’'Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey,  *Marie  Louise,  *Durondeau,  Beurre 
Diel,  Van  Moms  Leon  Leclerc,  Marechal  de  Cour,  Emile  d’Heyst, 
*Doyenne  du  Comice,  Thompson,  Passe  Colmar,  *Glou  Morceau, 
^Beurre  d’Anjou,  *Winter  Nelis,  ^Josephine  de  Malines,  and 
■'Bergamot  Esperen.  The  dozen  have  an  asterisk  prefixed. 
Yes,  there  are  twenty  and  many  more  really  good  dessert  Pears,  | 
Comte  de  Lamy  being  the  highest  in  quality  of  all  Pears,  and  a 
sure  cropper  even  in  cold  districts  ;  and  what  Pear  surpasses  in 
c(uality  the:  English  raised  Pear  Knight’s  Monarch  ?  Stewing 
Pears :  Vicar  of  Winkfield,  Bellissime  d’Hiver,  Catillac,  and 
Uvedale’s  St.  Germain.  The  trees  for  training  obliquely,  and 
planting  2ft  apart,  are  best  yearlings,  dwarfs  or  maidens,  and 
cost  about  Is.  each,  or  in  case  of  double  grafting,  Is.  6d.  each. 
They  should  be  on  Quince  or  double  grafted  as  variety  requires. 
DISEASED  CELERY  PLANTS  (P.  D.).— The  portions  of 
plant  are  infested  by  the  larvfe  of  the  Celery  fly  or  Celery  leaf 
miner  (Tephritis  onopordinis).  The  pest  sometimes  appears  when 
the  plants  are  quite  small,  but  usually  towards  the  latter  part  of 
summer,  and  eats  out,  more  or  less,  the  inner  portion  of  the 
leaves,  forming  blisters,  causing  them  to  turn  brown  and  often 
eventually  to  die  away.  The  best  and  most  certain  remedy  is  to 
carefully  look  over  every  plant  so  soon  as  the  small  larvse  are 
detected,  pinch  off  the  affected  part  of  the  leaves  and  burn  them, 
or  destroy  the  insects  by  pinching  the  blister  between  the  finger 
and  thumb.  If  this  method  be  followed  from  the  first,  at  the 
same  time  keeping  the  plant  lightly  sprinkled  overhead  Avith 
soot,  at  intervals  of  a  fortnight  or  three  AA’eeks,  whilst  damp  Avitli 
dew,  the  insects  Avill  not  cause  much  injury;  indeed,  the  proce¬ 
dure  has  given  almost  absolute  immunity  from  attacks  of  Celery 
fly  for  many  years.  Probably  spraying,  or  lightly  sprinkling 
overhead,  by  means  of  a  fine  rose  Avatering  can  Avith  tar  Avater 
is  the  best  preventive  of  Celery  fly.  The  tar  Avater  is  prepared 
by  boiling  Jib  of  coal  tar  in  tAA'o  gallons  of  water  for  half  an 
hour,  or  until  it  Avill  readily  mix  Avith  AA’ater,  then  diluting  to 
oO  gallons  Avitli  soft  Avater.  This  prevents  the  fly  depositing 
eggs,  if  not  actually  killing  the  larvse  in  the  leaves.  As  the 
plants  are  attacked  for  three  or  four  months  in  some  seasons, 
their  dcuStruction  should  he  taken  in  hand  immediately  they  are 
detected,  or,  better,  take  preAmntive  measures  in  advance  of 
attack.  Paraffin  emulsion  solution  is  a  good  preventive  and 
repressive  application,  spraying  or  sprinkling  on  the  plants.  As 
there  are  many  pupae  in  the  diseased  leaves  these  should  be 
collected  and  burnt,  and  the  ground  where  the  Celery  has  been 
should,  in  due  course,  be  deeply  trenched  or  treated  AAuth  gas 
lime. 
GROWING  VEGETABLES  FOR  SALE  ON  A  LARGE 
SCALE  (W.  G.). — V/e  do  not  knoAV  of  any  better  plan  to  dis¬ 
pose  of  large  quantities  of  produce  than  by  arrangement  Avith 
salesmen  in  the  large  centres  of  industry,  such  as  the  large  cities 
and  toAvns  of  Yorkshire,  Lancashire,  and  the'  Midland  Counties. 
Ahvays  haAm  regard  to  distance  of  conveyance  to  juarket,  often 
a  matter  of  greatest  importance,  and  ascertain  what  crops  are 
likely  to  be  most  in  demand,  groAv  accordingly  Avith  the  different 
requirements.  GroAvers  Avho  do  not  do  this,  relying  on  the  open 
market,  A^ery  often  do  not  realise  enough  for  produce  to  com¬ 
pensate  for  salesman’s  charges  and  those  for  transit.  We  cannot 
giAm  the  values  of  crops,  a'S  they  A’ary  Avith  season,  demand,  and 
supply.  Besides,  it  does  not  do  to  “  carry  all  the  eggs  in  one 
basket,”  but  growing  crops  suited  to  different  seasons  and  in  suc- 
cessional  supply  is  more  to  the  purpose,  the  crops  following  one 
another  on  the  land,  so  that  it  is  relatiAmly  never  idle.  This  Ave 
have  found  the  best  plan,  Ave  having  groAvn  vegetables  largely 
for  the  supply  of  the  markets,  and  have  only  failed  to  secure 
good  returns  from  the  salesman  Avhen  the  market  has  been  over- 
supplied  or  “  glutted  ”  Avith  a  particular  produce,  as  is  most 
commonly  the  case  Avith  “  greens  ”  during  the  autumn  and 
Avinter  seasons,  the  crops  being  folloAv-on,  or  “  catch,”  and  a 
glutting  of  the  market  is  the  consequence.  Early  Cabbages, 
early  Potatoes,  early  CaulifloAvers,  and  a  sucoessional  supply  of 
these  with  such  crops  as  Peas,  Runner  Beans,  Vegetable  MarroAV, 
Carrots,  and  Turnips,  especially  early.  Onions,  particularly  main 
crop.  Beet,'  and  Parsnips,  Avith,  in  some  case.s.  Celery,  early 
Lettuces,  and,  in  most  instances.  Broccoli,  are  the  crops  that 
pay,  even  Jerusalem  Artichokes  bringing  good  returns.  Aspa¬ 
ragus  is  also  a  paying  crop,  and  so  also  is  Seakale,  Avhei'e  means 
exist  for  blanching,  and,  of  course,  Brussels  Sprouts  are  the 
staple  green  for  Avinter,  AA'ith  good  heads  of  Savoys.  The  chief 
point  is  to  produce  a  superior  article,  ev-erything  of  the  best, 
and  then  the  salesman  has  no  difficulty  in  making  satisfactory 
return 
NAMES  OF  PLiVNTS.  —  Con-esponclents  ivhose  queries  are 
unanswered  in  the  vresent  issue  are  respectfully  requested  to  consult 
the  folloiving  number.  (W.  S.  H.). — 1,  Pavia,  sp.  ;  2,  Berberis 
nepalensis  ;  3,  Hypericum  Androsfemuin  ;  4,  Erigeron  philadel- 
phicus  ;  5,  Aristoloehia  ;  6,  Abies  Bungeana.  (.J.  P.). — 1,  Tibouchina 
macrantha ;  2,  Calceolaria  mexieana ;  3,  Phygelia  capensis ;  4, 
Boehmeria  uiA’ea ;  5,  Polygonum  Moly;  6,  Pieris  ovalifolia.  (N.  F.). — 
1,  Aucuba  japonica  A’ariegata  ;  2,  Atriplex  hortensis  ;  3,  Azara  miero- 
phylla  ;  4,  Betula  urticmfolia.  (L.  F.). — Catalpa  bignonioides.  (N.  T.). 
— 1,  Tanacetum  vulgare ;  2,  Cornus  alba ;  3,  Adiantum  Capillus- 
Veneris  imbrieatum.  (M.  N.  0.). — 1,  Calendula  pluvialis ;  2,  Lobelia 
tenuior;  3,  Ipomoea  Horsfallite. 
NAMES  OF  FRUITS. — Correspondents  whose  queries  are  un¬ 
answered  in  the  present  issue  are  respectfully  requested  to  consult  the 
following  number.  (Ncav  Gardener). — These  are  fruits  of  the  StraAV- 
berry-Raspberry,  they  are  not  likely  ever  to  find  favoirr ;  yes,  the 
Loganberry  is  an  acquisition  to  the  hardy  fruit  lists.  (’Prentice). — 
1,  American  Mother  ;  2,  Egremont  Russet ;  3,  Adam’s  Pearmain  ;  4, 
Lord  Derby.  (N.  T.). — 1,  Pear  Pitmaston  Duchess ;  2,  Gansel’s 
Bergamot ;  3,  Seekle ;  4,  Doyenne  du  Cornice  ;  5,  Apple  Annie  Elizabeth ; 
6,  NeAvton  JVonder.  (A.  B.). — King  of  the  Pippins.  (Disappointed). — 
1,  Grape  Golden  Queen,  it  requires  careful  culture,  especially  toAvards 
the  finishing  off ;  2,  Pear  Durondeau.  (T.  M.). — Grape  Royal 
Muscadine,  a  first-rate  early  variety,  and  Avould  succeed  in  your 
Hamburgh  house.  (H.  W.). — Large  yelloAV  Apple  is  Yorkshire 
Beauty ;  the  small  one  is  Fearns  Pippin. 
The  End  of  the  Corn  Harvest. 
Befoi’e  these  lines  will  be  in  the  hands  of  the  reader  we 
think  that  all  grain  crops,  Avith,  perhaps,  the  exception  of 
those  in  His  Majesty’s  kingdom  far  north,  Avill  be  gathered 
in.  Choirs  aaTII  be  practising  ambitious  anthems ;  well- 
known  preachers  Avill  have  been  engaged  for  special  services, 
and  the  local  newspapers  will  be  full  of  notices  of  harvest 
thanksgivings.  We  hope  Ave  may  be  able  sincerely  to  offer 
thanks  to  the  Giver  of  all  good,  but  Ave  fear  throughout  the 
length  and  breadth  of  the  countrv  there  aauII  be  many  heavy 
and  sorrowful  hearts. 
We  have  been  looking  through  many  accounts  of  harvest¬ 
ing  sent  from  all  parts  of  the  country,  and  AA-e  note  that  Avith 
the  exception  of  the  Aveek  ending  September  19  the  Aveather 
has  been  not  exactly  broken,  but  continuously  Avet.  Heavy 
rains,  heavy  floods,  heavy  storms  of  wind — and  one  poor 
week  of  fine  weather  to  set  against  it !  !  !  We  can  contend 
with  wet  summers,  cold  springs,  and  unnatural  Avinters,  but 
we  do  hope  for  and  need  fine  Aveather  for  the  ingathering  of 
the  crops .  There  is  a  silver  lining  to  every  cloud,  and  Ave 
must  be  thankful  for  small  mercies.  Fortunately  the  weather 
has  been  cold,  unusually  so  for  the  time  of  year,  and  hence 
there  has  been  far  less  sprouted  grain  than  we  might  have 
expected.  Practically  all  is  soft  and  out  of  condition,  and 
it  is  only  dire  necessity  that  sets  the  threshing  machine  to 
work.  Ready  money  must  be  had  somehoAv,  and  thatch  is 
needed  quite  as  badly. 
We  think  farmers  this  year  Avill  find  another  foe  to  face. 
The  Avet  state  of  the  country  has  driven  rats  from  the  land  to 
the  farm  buildings,  and  they  have  already  taken  up  their 
quarters  high  and  dry  and  Avith  storeroom  at  hand  in  the 
neAvly-made  Wheat  stacks.  This  has  occurred  in  other 
unusually  wet  times,  and  rats  have  already  been  found  in 
great  numbers  in  the  neAv  stacks.  It  is  not  so  much  Avhat 
they  eat  as  Avhat  they  destroy,  but  when  the  two  are  com¬ 
bined  they  levy  a  good  percentage  on  the  farmer’s  share. 
We  cannot  hope  for  great  prices  this  season — condition  is 
against  it  and  of  quality  there  is  none.  Wdiether  quantity 
will  in  a  measure  make  up  for  lack  of  quality  is  yeb  to  be 
proved.  It  does  not  do  to  base  the  year’s  average  on  the 
first  month’s  threshing  yield. 
A  professor  of  great  repute  in  the  agricultural  Avorld  has 
again  been  urging  more  corn,  less  roots,  but  surely,  in  the 
face  of  a  season  like  the  present  he  Avill  have  feAv  folloAvers. 
