October  15,  1903. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
345 
PLANTING  SEASON 
% 
PlULS'  Rovil  Nursedies 
WALTHAM  CROSS,  HERTS. 
12  milea  from  London.  South  Entrance  four  minutes’ 
valk  from  Waltham  Cross  Station;  West  Entrance  three 
minutes’  walk  from  Theobald’s  Grove;  both  Stations  on 
the  Great  Eastern  Railway. 
SPECIALITIES  : 
ROSES  in  all  forms,  from  open  ground  and  in 
pots.  Gold  Medals  in  1903  from  Royal  Horticultural 
and  Royal  Botanic  Societies. 
FRUIT  TREES  for  the  Orchard,  Garden,  and 
Forcing  House.  Hogg  Memorial  Medal,  1901. 
HARDY  TREES  for  Streets,  Parks,  and  General 
Planting.  Silver  Medal  from  Royal  Agricultural 
Society  of  England. 
SHRUBS,  both  Evergreen  and  Deciduous. 
CLIMBING  PLANTS,  Hardy  and  Greenhouse. 
RHODODENDRONS,  CAMELLIAS,  &  AZALEAS. 
HERBACEOUS  PLANTS  in  great  variety. 
BULBS  and  SEEDS,  and  all  Garden  Sundries. 
Price  Lists  on  application.  Inspection  Invited. 
Upwards  of  1000  Medals,  Prizes,  and  other  Awards  at 
leading  Exhibitions  during  the  past  42  years. 
SOLE  POSTAL  ADDRESS— 
WM.  PAUL  &  SON, 
WALTHAM  CROSS,  HERTS. 
Rose  Growers  by  Appointment  to  His  Majesty  the  King. 
PRICE  lOd.,  POST  FREE. 
WINDOW  GARDENING 
FOR  THE  MANT 
Or  Instructions  for  Managing  Plants  in  rooms  throughout 
the  year,  with  Special  Directions  for  their  Propagation  and 
Culture. 
Journal  of  Horticulture  Office,  12,  Mithk  Court 
Chambers,  Fleet  Street,  E.C. 
For  Market  and  Private  Growers, 
Ornamental  Trees,  Shrubs,  «c, 
Descriptive  Catalogues  Post  Free. 
STRAWBERRY 
PLANTS. 
All  the  Leading  Varieties  from  the 
open  ground  and  in  pots. 
Priced  Descriptive  Circular  Post  Free. 
DICKSONS  Nurseries  CHESTER 
No.  121(5.— VoL.  XLVII.,  Third  Series. 
i*or  Fresent  Fiantmg !  bs 
(CLIBRANS 
TREES  &  SHRUBS 
WHY  plant  common  Forest  Trees  in  Gardens  and 
Ornamental  Grounds  when  so  rich  a  choice  of 
lovely  Trees  as  those  undernoted,  with  their  varied 
habits,  bloom,  or  foliage,  are  available  ? 
Aesr  dasycarpum  (Silver-leaved  Maple),  graceful  habit, 
very  ornamental,  7  to  8ft,  2/-  each  ;  s'to  9ft,  2/6  to  3/6  each 
Acer  platanoides  (Norway  Maple),  fine  bold  ornamental 
foliage,  7  to  8ft,  1/6  each,  12/-  doz  ;  8  to  10ft,  1/6  to  2/-  each, 
16/-  to  18/-  doz  ;  10  to  12ft,  2/6  to  3/6  each,  24/-  to  30/-  doz. 
Acer  platanoides  cucullatum,  a  pretty  and  charming  var., 
8  to  10ft,  2/6  each,  21/-  doz  ;  10  to  12ft,  3/6  each,  36/-  doz. 
Betula  papyrifera  (the  Paper  Birch),  a  well-known  elegant 
and  graceful  tree,  6  to  8ft,  2/6  to  3/6  each  ;  8  to  10ft,  3/6, 
5/-,  and  10/6  each. 
Carpinus  betulus  (Hornbeam), forms  an  excellent  shelter  for 
more  tender  species,  7  to  8ft,  1/6  each,  15/-  doz  ;  8  to  10ft,  2/- 
to  2/6  each,  21/-  to  24/-  doz  ;  10  to  12fc,  3/6  each,  36/-  doz. 
Cerasus  serrulata  alba  fl.  pL,  produces  large  drooping 
clusters  o;  double  white  flowers  towards  the  end  of  April, 
standards,  2/-  to  3/6  each. 
Fraxinus  arbutifolia,  a  distinct  and  handsome  foliaged 
species,  standards,  2/6  and  3/6  each. 
Laburnum  vulgare  autumnalis,  an  autumn  -  flowering 
variety,  6  to  8ft,  2/-  each  ;  8  to  10ft,  2/6  to  3/6  each. 
Laburnum  vulgare  Parksli,  the  racemes  of  flowers  measure 
12  to  liin.  in  length,  6  to  8ft,  1/6  to  2/-  each  ;  8  to  10ft,  2/6 
to  3/6  each. 
Laburnum  vulgare  Mossil,  a  remarkably  free  flowering 
variety,  6  to  7ft,  2/-  each  ;  7  to  8ft,  2/6  each. 
Negundo  aceroides  violacea,  the  leaf-stalks  are  prettily 
coloured  with  a  violet  shade,  8  to  10ft,  2/6  each  ;  10  to 
12ft,  3/6  each. 
Fiatanus  orien tails  (Oriental  Plane),  a  majestic  and  grace¬ 
ful  tree,  8  to  9ft,  2/6  each,  24/-  doz  ;  9  to  10ft,  3/6  to  5/-ea. 
Populus  balsamifera  tricocarpa,  long,  oval,  dark  green 
leaves,  vigorous  grower,  6  to  8ft,  2/-  each  ;  8  to  10. t,  2/6  ea. 
Populus  fastigiata  Wilsoni,  a  neat  growing  variety  of 
pyramidal  habit,  7  to  8ft,  2/-  each,  18/-  doz  ;  8  to  9ft,  2/6 
each,  24/-  doz  ;  9  to  10ft,  3/-  each,  30/-  doz. 
Pyrus  aria  (White  Beam),  foliage  bright  green  above  downy 
white  on  the  under  side,  7  to  8ft,  1/6  each  ;  larger  sizes, 
2/6  to  3/6  each. 
Pyrus  aria  chrysophylla,  large  silvery  grey  woolly  leaves, 
5  to  6ft,  2/-  each  ;  6  to  7ft,  2/6  each  ;  7  to  8ft,  3/6  each. 
Pyrus  aria  lutescens,  round,  yellowish  foliage,  5  to  6ft, 
2/-  each  ;  6  to  7ft,  2/6  each  ;  8  to  10ft,  3/6  each. 
Pyrus  sorbus  (Service  Tree),  a  well-knowu  hardy,  free- 
growing  tree,  7  to  8ft,  2/6  each,  24/-  doz;  8  to  10ft,  2/6  to 
3/6  each,  24;-  to  36/-  doz  ;  10  to  12ft,  3/6  to  5/-  each. 
Pyrus  aucuparia  asplenifolia(Fern-leaved  Mountain  Ash), 
highly  ornamental,  6  to  8ft,  1/6  each  ;  8  to  10ft,  2/6  each  ; 
10  to  12ft,  3/6  each. 
Pyrus  aucuparia  Fifeana,  of  pyramidal  form,  producing 
orange-coloured  berries,  8  to  lOft,  2/6 ea.;  10  to  12fc,  3/6  ea. 
Pyrus  aucuparia  pendula  aurea  (Golden-leaved  Weeping 
Mountain  Ash),  standards,  2/6  to  6/-  each. 
Pyrus  malus  Parkmanii,  fl  pi.,  rich  carmine,  semi-double 
flowers,  4  to  5ft,  2, 6  each ;  5  to  6ft,  3/6  each. 
Pyrus  salicifolia  pendula  (Weeping  Pear),  a  graceful 
woolly-leaved  tree,  standards.  1/6  to  3/6  each. 
Pyrus  quercifolia  (Oak-leaved  Mountain  Ash',  8  to  10ft,  3, 6 
each  ;  10  to  12ft,  5/-  each. 
Quercus  palustris,  a  graceful  cut-leaved  Oak,  5  to  Oft,  1/0 
each,  12/-  doz  ;  6  to  7ft,  2/6  each. 
Quercus  rubra,  rich  red  foliage,  5  to  Oft,  1/-  to  1/6  each  ; 
6  to  8ft,  1/6  to  2/-  each. 
Robinia  pseudo-Acacia  (Thorn  Acacia,  Locust  Tree),  pro¬ 
duces  racemes  of  white  pea-shaped  flowers,  6  to  8ft,  1/0  to 
2/6  each  ;  larger  specimens,  3/6  and  5/-  each. 
Robinia  pseudo-Acacia  angustifolia,  a  pretty  narrow- 
leaved  variety  of  graceful  habit,  5  to  Oft,  2/6  to  3/6  each  ; 
6  to  8it,  5.'-  each. 
Robinia  pseudo-Acacia  monophylla,  very  distinct,  leaves 
entire,  not  pinnate,  6  to  8ft,  2,6  each,  24/-  dez;  8  to  10ft, 
s/O  each,  36/-  doz. 
Tilia  Europaea  aurantla,  an  Orange-barked  Lime,  7  to  8ft, 
2/6  each  ;  8  to  9ft,  3/6  each. 
Ulmus  campestris  Damplerl  aurea,  bright  golden  foliage, 
standards,  2/6  and  3/6  e.ach. 
Ulmus  elliptica,  a  free-growing  species  well  adapted  for 
towns,  7  to  8ft,  2/-  each  ;  8  to  10ft,  2/0  to  3/6  each. 
Ulmus  niontana  Dovaei,  an  upright  vigorous -growing 
variety  witir  large  foliage,  0  to  8ft,  1/6  and  2/-  eacli:  8  to 
10ft,  2/6  each  ;  10  to  12ft.  3,  (i  each. 
Ulmus  montana  macrophylla  aurea,  a  rapid  grower  with 
bright  yellow  foliage,  standards,  2/6  and  3/6  each. 
A  Complete  List  of  all  the  choicest  Trees  and  Sliriibs 
is  contained  in  our 
TREE  &  SHRUB  CATALOGUE, 
Gratis  and  Post  Free  on  application. 
ALTRINCHAM  &  MANCHESTER 
Jfli«[nal  irf  §flrtu[ultei[c. 
THURSDAY,  OCTOBER  15,  1903. 
Old-Time  Gardening, ” 
^  Early  Florist. 
HE  labours  of  the  florist  in  early 
times  have  been  so  completely 
overlooked  that  a  chapter  of  this 
series  must  really  be  devoted 
to  him.  It  cannot  be  exactly 
determined  when  he  made  his  first 
essay  in  floriculture.  Some  authori¬ 
ties,  indeed,  would  have  us  believe  that 
he  was  an  importation  from  the  Con¬ 
tinent,  particularly  from  Flanders;  but  on  close 
examination  it  is  impossible  to  disciver  any 
well-marked  deviation  from  usual  gardening 
practices  at  the  dates  noted,  flowers  that  are 
supposed  to  have  been  introduced  by  refugees 
having  undoubtedly  been  in  cultivation  pre¬ 
vious  to  their  arrival  iu  England.  At  the  same 
time  it  is,  I  think,  manifest  that  the  early 
florist  was  indebted  to  the  Continent  for  at 
least  material  to  work  upon.  He  had  the  im¬ 
proved  flower — the  Carnation,  Tulip,  Anemone, 
and  Auricula — placed  as  it  were  in  his  hands, 
and  for  many  years  he  was  dependent  on 
foreign  aid  for  any  improvement  in  varieties. 
That,  I  think,  is  abundantly  evident  from 
contemporary  authorities.  And  I  consider  it 
not  at  all  unlikely  that  the  fact  of  there  being 
florists  at  all  was  due  to  the  enlightened  policy 
of  the  English  statesmen  of  the  reign  of 
Elizabeth,  who  made  it  possible  for  the  plant 
lover  to  obtain  flowers  from  all  countries,  and 
to  secure  the  literature  existing  bearing  on 
their  cultivation.  At  any  rate,  it  is  clear  the 
florist  was  an  established  type  of  horticulturist 
before  the  reigu  of  that  Queen  terminated, 
while  at  its  beginning  he  was  an  unknown 
quantity. 
It  is  most  unfortunate  that  none  of  the  early 
writers  on  gardening,  except  Hill,  who  treats 
the  subject  in  the  most  meagre  manner,  give 
any  indication  of  a  knowledge  of  florists’  ways 
such  as  we  find  in,  for  instance,  French  books, 
’*■  Continued  from  page  264. 
P>EADERS  are  requested  to  send  notices  of  Gardening 
L  Appointments  or  Notes  of  Horticultural  Interest, 
intimations  of  Meetings,  Queries,  and  all  Articles  for 
Publication,  officially  to  “  THE  EDITOR,”  at 
12,  Mltra  Court  Chambers,  Fleet  Street, 
London,  E.C.,  and  to  no  other  person  and  to  no  other 
address. 
