466  JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER,  November  19,  1903. 
Ihe  Windmill. 
Exterior,  Philiphaugh  Conservatory.  S^e  page  4()4 
in  the  gardening  world  finds  himself  “out,”  and  rather  than 
remain  so,  in  taking  up  one  of  these  positions  is  like  the 
proverbial  square  peg  in  the  round  hole — unless  his  good 
sense  and  adaptability  prompt  him  to  fit  as  well  as  fill 
the  changed  position.  Then,  if  he  really  endeavours  to 
jileasc  tlie  employer  as  well  as  himself  things  probably 
turn  out  very  happily  and  comfortably  for  him.  Severely 
exact,  and  intensely  practical  in  the  matter  of  time  and 
money  as  the  gardener’s  employer  in  Suburbia  undoubtedly 
is.  a  good  deal  of  helpful  sympathy  oozes  out  towards  a 
loyal  honest,  and  capable  servant,  and  many  w'ho  in  their 
earlier  tenure  of  office  find  nothing  but  a  stern,  exacting 
master  are,  as.  occasion  serves,  made  aware  that  they  have 
a  sincere  anch  just  friend.  Here,  on  the  smaller  scale, 
some  of  the  finest  examples  of  culture  are  to  be  found,  the 
outcome  of  that  keen  but  quiescent  oompetition  which  is 
perpetually  prompted  by  the  employers  to  have  things  not 
only  as  good,  but  a  little  better,  or  bigger,  or  brighter  than 
their  neighbours ;  and  the  man  in  charge  must  be  well 
prepared  to  hear  a  good  deal  of  critical  adjudication  which 
goes  on  in  the  Stock  Exchange,  as  well  as  other  men’s 
methods,  with  minute  details  of  soil,  manure,  and  situa¬ 
tions. 
In  this  class  of  garden  tliere  is  considerably  less  margin 
for  failures  than  in  those  of  the  higher  order.  Master  and 
man.  conjointly,  are  apt  to  worry  out  the  cause  of  any  par¬ 
ticular  failure  with  fruit,  flowers,  or  vegetables  wdth  inde¬ 
fatigable  pertinacity,  and  in  these  middle  grade  gardens 
high  grade  cultiire  is  often  carried  out  to  the  extent  of 
proving  a  revelation  to  many  front  rank  gardeners  when 
they  do  have  an  opportunitv  of  seeing  it.  In  latter  days 
the  big  firms’  travellers  often  find  their  whole  battery 
of  persuasive  eloquence  and  diplomacy  powerless  to  extract 
the  big  orders  they  were  wont  to  do  in  times  of  yore,  and 
gl'acUy  turn  to'  the  smaller  places  in  which,  as  a  smart  young 
commercial  said,  there  is  salvation  for  them.  And  perhaps 
i';  is  not  saying  too  much  in  this  slight  understudy  of  the 
<  lib  a,ud  flow  of  gardeniug  that  they  form  now  the  backbone  of 
English  horticulture. — Quiz. 
In  our  country, 
where  wind  is  so  pre¬ 
valent,  it  is  a  wonder 
that  tliese  motors 
have  not  been  taken 
more  advantage  of. 
Here  water  has  been 
used  to  probably  a 
greater  extent  on 
the  average  garden 
or  farm  than  in  any 
country.  and  that 
very  likely  in  great 
part  accounts  for  it. 
There  is,  howev'er, 
plenty  of  room  for 
both  powers.  In  the 
hilly  districts,  where 
the  rainfall  is  abun¬ 
dant  and  a  sufficient 
fall  is  easily  obtained, 
water  power  will  long 
remain  a  first  favour¬ 
ite.  In  the  drier  and 
flatter  districts  wind 
might  often  be  more 
utilised  than  it  is. 
For  garden,  nursery, 
or  light  farm  work, 
such  as  pumping 
water,  where  one  or 
two  weeks’  work  can 
be  done  at  a  time 
when  the  weather  is 
suitable,  it  is  ques¬ 
tionable  if  it  can  be 
done  so  cheapl.y  by 
any  other  power. 
For  work  which  has 
to  be  done  daily,  such 
as  root  pulping  or 
slicing,  they  are  un¬ 
suitable,  and  the 
same  applies  to  very 
heavy  work,  such  as  threshing.  Under  these  circum-stances 
horse  power,  water,  electricity,  oil,  or  steam  are  to  be  pre¬ 
ferred.  On  lower  parts  of  the  country,  many  estates  are  very 
badl.y  supplied  with  water.  It  is  only  in  exceptional  cases  that 
a  supply  is  not  available  on  some  part  of  the  farm  or  estate, 
but  it  often  happens  that  the  house,  farm,  or  land  which  it  is 
de.sircd  to  supply  is  at  a  higher  level. 
Tile  windmill  is  the  ideal  power  for  this  kind  of  work,  and, 
according  to  the  recent  trials  of  the  Royal  Agricultural  Society 
of  England,  there  are  several  makers  who  supply  these  of  a  class 
suitable  for  a  wide  variet.y  of  circumstances  and  of  a  thoroughly 
reliable  nature.  For  pumping  water  one  prime  requisite  is 
neces.sary  if  satisfactory  results  are  to  be  obtained.  That  is 
the  provision  of  a  storage  tank  of  suitable  capacity  to  meet  tlie 
requirements  of  the  case  for  about  fourteen  days.  The  meteoro¬ 
logical  observations  made  in  this  country  indicate  that  certain 
periods  of  dead  calm  are  occasionally  experienced,  extending  up 
to  fourteen  days,  so  that  where  the  supply  is  for  household 
purpo.se  the  storage  capacity  should  not  be  much  less  tJian  that 
amount.  This  may  be  carried  out  in  many  ways,  but  in  the 
country,  where  there  often  is  some  hill  or  iiiece  of  land  higher 
than  the  building  to  be  supplied,  it  should  be  taken  advantage  of. 
A  tank  of  brick  and  cement  should  be  constructed  on  or  in  this 
height,  and  the  water  pumped  into  it  continuouslj',  the  supply 
being  conveyed  bv  gravitation  wherever  wantcxl. — (“  Scetti-h 
Field.”) 
HjbrWising  and  Crossing  Plants. 
Hybridi.sation  cannot  be  called  new.  It  is,  perhap.s,  impo.s- 
.sible  to  discover  who  first  practised  it.  I.s  it  too  much  to 
suppose  that,  in  bygone  centurie.s,  when,  especially  in  the  East, 
.sages  became  well  acc|uainted  with  the  habits  of  insects,  ancl 
found  them  a  .source  of  telling  imagery,  when  farmers  tended 
vast  flecks  and  herds,  and  cultivate.d  wide  tracts  of  corn,  .some 
one  might  have  come  to  understand  the  mechaiii.'-m  by  which 
the  full  cjorn  in  the  ear  is  secured,  might  even  have  gone  so  far 
as  to  imitate  Nature,  and  obtain  new  varieties  of  the  plants. 
It  would  seem  that  Theophrastus  perceived  the  efficacy  of  dust¬ 
ing  the  fruit -bearing  flower  of  the  Palm  with  the  powder 
