December  3,  1903, 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
625 
MOVIN(^.  rvT10D0D?:NDR0NS  (J.  N.,  Meath).— Xo  shrubs 
transplant  better  tlian  these,  and  they  may  be  had  from  a  nursery 
any  time  from  October  until  the  buds  commenoei  swelling  in  the 
spring.  'J  hey  may  be  dispatched  safely  at  this  season  of  the 
year,  provided  the  roots  are  kept  quite  moist  in  transit. 
SEVENTY-FOUR  DESSERT  PEARS  ON  THE  QUINC  E 
(Alpha). — Doyenne  d’Ete  (d.g.),  Beurre  Giffard,  Jargonelle  (d.g.), 
Souvenir  du  C’ongres  (d.g.),  Clapp’s  Favourite  (d.g.),  Petite 
Marguerite,  William-s’  Bon  Chretien,  Buerre  d’Amanlis,  Madame 
Treyve,  Triomphe  de  Vienne  (d.g.),  Beurre  Superfin,  Fondante 
d’Automne,  Marguerite  Marrillat,  Beurre  Martillet  (d.g.), 
Beurre  Hardy,  Conference,  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey,  Ga.nsel’s 
Bergamot  (d.g.).  Magnate,  Beurre  d’Avalon,  Beurre  Alexandre, 
Lucas,  Belle  Julie,  Directeur  Hardy,  Thompison’.s  (d.g.),  Seckle 
(d.g.),  Comte  de  Lamy  (d.g.),  Pitmaston  Duche.ss,  Brown  Beurre 
(d.g).  Doyenne  Boussoch,  Marie  Louise  (d.g.),  Marie  Louise 
d’l’ccle,  Beurre  Fouqueray,  President  d’Osmonville,  Emile 
d’Heyst,  Beurre  Bose  (d.g.),  Baronne  de  Mello,  Durondeau, 
Beurre  Jean  Van  Geert,  Conseiller  de  la  Cour,  Comte  de 
Flandre  (d.g.),  Princess,  Fondante  Thiriot,  Duchess 
d’Angouleme,  Hacon’s  Incomparable,  Beurre  Baltet  Pere, 
Doyenne  du  Coinice,  Knight’.s  Monarch  (d.g.),  Crasanne  (d.g.). 
Van  Mons  Leon  Leclerc  (d.g.),  Buerre  Diet,  Forelle  (d.g.), 
Hujishe’s  Prince  Consort,  Huyshe’s  Prince  of  Wales  (d.g.h 
Doyenne  Defays,  Buerre  Berkmans  (d.g.),  Beurre  Bachelier, 
Winter  Nelks,  Beurre  d’Aremberg,  Glou  Morceau,  Bergamotte 
Dussart,  Beurre  d’An.iou,  Passe  Colmar,  President  Barrabie, 
Beurre  de  Jonghe,  Jean  de  Witte  (d.g.),  Josephine  de  Malines 
(d.g.),  Easter  Beurre  Nouveille  Fulvie,  Marie  Benoist  (d.g.), 
Olivier  de  Serres,  Passe  C’ra.sanne  (d.g.),  Beurre  Ranee  Cl.g.), 
Bargamot  Esperen.  The  letters  d.g.  are  for  <louble-grafted  on 
the  Quince.  The  trees  should  be  planted  2ft  apart  for  single 
diagonal  cordons,  and  be  trained  at  an  angle  of  45deg.  The  best 
aspect  for  Pears  is  west.  We  have,  however,  found  them  succeed 
well  against  walls  with  east,  and  even  south,  aspects. 
DEPRESSING  VINE  RODS  (F.  J.).— It  is  not  “always” 
necessary  to  depress  Vine  rods  to  secure  an  even  break.  We 
have  Vines,  not  forced,  that  have  not  been  “depressed”  for 
twenty  years,  and  the  rods  in  the  great  vinery  at  Chiswick 
remain  trained  up  to  the  roof  constantly.  When  Vines  are  forced 
into  growth  early  they  generally  break  more  regularly  when 
trained  horizontall5'  for  a  time.  The  sap  has  a  natural  tendency 
to  move  directly  upwards,  hence  the  disposition  of  the  buds  near 
the  top  of  a  Vine  to  start  first,  and  this  is  further  induced  by  the 
house  in  which  they  are  trained  being  warmer  at  the  top  than  at 
the  base  of  the  rafters  in  the  absence  of  special  care  in  ventilation. 
The  branches  of  trees  on  walls  are  more  or  less  depressed  except  in 
the  case  of  vertical  cordons,  and  these,  as  a  rule,  are  not  so  well 
furnished  with  healthy  spurs  at  the  base  as  nearer  the  top,  the 
growth  of  diagonal  cordons  being  more  uniform  from  base  to 
summit  because  of  the  depression.  The  buds  at  the  base  of  your 
Raspberry  canes  that  are  trained  upright  to  .stakes  do  not  push 
.so  quickly,  grow  so  strongly,  nor  bear  such  fine  fruit  as  those 
near  the  top  of  the  canes;  and  similarly,  if  your  Roses  make 
strong  shoots,  4ft  or  more  long  in  the  summer,  and  these  are 
neither  depressed  nor  shortened,  many  of  the  lower  buds  will 
remain  dormant ;  but  if  you  peg  the  long  shoots  down  the  burst¬ 
ing  of  the  buds  will  be  far  more  uniform.  If  ymir  Vines  break 
regularly  without  bending  down  the  rods  let  them  alone  ;  but  if 
they  start  at  the  top  first,  the  lower  buds  remaining  dormant, 
you  will  find  the  advantage  of  depression. 
RIVER  BANKS  BROKEN  DOWN. — The  following  query 
and  reply  we  cull  from  the  “  N.B.  Agriculturi.st  ”  :  I  have  about 
fifty  acres  protected  by  embankment  from  the  river,  but  the 
embankment  is  in  considerable  danger  of  being  broken  at  the 
upper  end,  and  in  that  case  the  whole  fifty  acres  will  be  under 
water.  I  have  several  times  advised  the  proprietor  of  the 
danger,  but  it  looks  as  if  nothing  is  to  be  done  ;  and,  as  failing 
this,  the  river  will  undoubtedly  break  in  this  winter,  I  would 
like  to  know  what  my  position  would  then  be.  Sixty  acres  of 
land  would  be  lost,  and,  I  presume,  I  would  be  entitled  to  re¬ 
duction  of  rent ;  but  how  would  I  stand  in  regard  to  the  manures 
and  seeds  I  have  put  into  the  sixty  acres  ?  I  have  broken  up 
and  renewed  the  most  of  this,  and  sown  down  in  Timothy. 
Being  heavy  land,  my  Avork,  which  has  been  considerable, 
besides  my  outlay,  Avould  be  lest.  Your  advice  in  the  matter 
will  be  much  appreciated.  Can  I  compel  proprietor  to  carry 
out  such  work  as  avouIcI  ensure  safety  of  embankment  ?"“  I  pre- 
.sumo  not. — Hunteb.  [You  cannot  compel  the  proprietor  to  take 
due  measures  for  the  protection  of  the  embankment,  but  in  the 
event  of  the  river  breaking  its  banks  and  rendering  useless 
the  sixty  acres  of  haugh  land  referred  to,  you  Avould  be  entitled 
to  Avithhold  the  rent  of  said  land,  on  the  ground  that  you  had 
been  depriA'ed  of  the  proper  use  of  part  of  the  subject  let  to 
you.  The  serious  damage  caused  last  year  by  flooding  and  tho 
bursting  of  river  embankments  has  led  the  tenants  of  riA'cr-side 
lands  to  realise  the  necessity  of  securing  in  their  leases  better 
provision  for  their  protection  against  such  damage.] 
“TUBERS”  ON  CUCUMBER  PLANT  ROOTS  (C.  S.).— Tlie 
SAvellings  on  the  roots  and  root-stem  are  caused  by  eehvorm, 
evidently  the  root-knot  eeUvorm  (Heterodera  radicicola).  A 
fuller  reply  Avill  be  given  next  Aveek. 
STORING  CACTUS  DAHLIA  ROOTS  FOR  THE  WINTIHI 
(R.  B.). — The  proper  procedure  i.s  to  allow  the  roots  to  remain 
in  the  ground  until  the  tops  are  destroyed  by  frost,  Avhen  they 
should  he  cut  doAvn  to  Avithin  Gin  of  the  ground,  and  afterAvards 
lifted.  RemoA’e  as  much  soil  as  possible  Avith  a  pointed  stick, 
not  damaging  the  fleshy,  tuber-like  roots,  attach  the  label  of 
each  to  the  stem,  and  store  aAA'ay  in  a  cool,  frost-proof,  rather 
dry  place.  Looking  over  occasionally  to  remove  any  part  of  the 
routs  that  may  be  damping,  is  all  that  is  required  until  starting 
or  planting  again  in  the  folloAving  spring.  The  roots  you  have 
taken  up  and  placed  in  a  box  Avill  keep  sound  enough  exposed  if 
the  place  they  are  placed  in  is  not  very  di'y,  say  a  cellar;  but  if 
the  storing  place  is  A’ery  arid,  the  roots  are  better  covered  Avith 
rather  dry  soil,  yet  keeping  the  collar  or  base  of  the  stem  clear, 
Avhere  the  eyes  or  buds  are  that  Avill  start  into  groAvth  at  the 
proper  time,  only  just  coA'ering  the  fleshy  roots.  This  prevents 
excessive  evaporation  and  the  shrivelling  of  the  fleshy  roots.  The 
cooler  the  roots  are  kept  the  better,  only  frost  must  be  excluded. 
NAMES  OF  PLANTS.  —  Correspondents  tvlwse  queries  are 
unansiuered  in  the  vresent  issue  are  respectfully  requested  to  constiU 
the  folloiving  niimher. — (Clues). — In  its  present  condition,  and  Avithout 
some  information  about  it,  avc  do  not  recognise  the  specimen. 
(A.  F.). — 1,  Peristi'ophe  speciosa;  2,  Erica  gracilis  ;  3,  Pelargonium 
tomentosum. 
General  Buildings  of  the  Farm. 
Since  the  daj’S  of  Mr.  Pecksniff,  the  world  has  seen  architects 
of  all  sorts  and  kinds,  and  although  some  ma^y  be  termed 
cosmopolitan,  there  are  others  who  take  up  distinct  lines  and 
follow  them  out.  For  instance,  we  do  not  suppose  that  tho 
great  ecclesiastical  architects  of  the  day  AA’ould  care  to  trouble 
themselves  much  Avith  municipal  buildings,  or  the  design  for  a 
raihvay  station.  If  they  condescend  to  a  school  (National 
Society),  a  church  institute,  or  a  vicarage,  that  is  about  all  tho 
digression  they  make;  and  of  course  they  are  justified  in  so 
doing ;  every  man  to  his  trade.  In  like  manner  the  designer  of 
Queen  Anne  or  Georgian  dwelling-houses,  has  a  mind  above 
anything  so  homely  as  stables  or  cowsheds,  and  if  he  did  under¬ 
take  such  work,  it  is  quite  possible  the  buildings  erected  Avould 
not  be  very  suitable  to  the  purpose  for  which  they  were  needed. 
It  is  supposed  that  land  agents,  stewards,  and  the  like  have 
a  Avorkable  knowledge  of  the  requirements  in  the  way  of 
buildings  for  the  several  estates  or  farms  under  their  manage¬ 
ment.  As  young  men,  they  are  expected  to  take  a  short  period 
of  training  in  some  architect’s  office  to  get  the  requisite  kuow- 
ledoe  of  measurements,  dimensions,  and  costs  ;  that  is,  cost  of 
raAv  material  and  of  skilled  labour  for  erection.  A  good  many 
of  these  men  are  poorly  equipped  for  their  Avork,  or  at  least  we 
must  suppose  so,  for  we  have  seen  money  Avasted  in  large  sums 
upon  unnecessary,  incommodious,  and  ill-adapted  buildings ;  and 
a«ain  we  have  seen  a  poor  farmer  absolutely  Avithout  proper- 
shelter  for  stock,  or  his  manifold  implements,  which  rapidly 
deteriorate  Avhen  left  exposed  to  the  elements. 
In  the  first  instance,  where  too  much  money  has  been  spent 
“  not  wisely,  but  too  well,”  the  landlord  is  crippled  at  the  time, 
and  constantly  has  a  feud  in  course  of  time  with  “  repairs,’’ 
which  he  either  leaves  undone,  or  does  with  much  grumbling 
in  a  very  perfunctory  manner  ;  and  the  “  smart  ”  buildings  in 
time  get  a  very  unkempt,  neglected  look.  We  remember  a 
model  farm  standing  where  some  of  the  doors  Avere  made  wide 
enough  to  admit  of  a  man  with  a  forkful  of  straw  on  his  back, 
and  where,  over  the  draught  horse  stables,  were  “  chambers ’’ 
braided  and  furnished  in  a  far  better  style  than  the  bedrooms 
of  the  cottages  on  the  same  farm.  Our  opinion  is  that  an  in¬ 
telligent  farmer  is  a  far  better  hand  at  planning  farm  buildings 
thaiT  any  professional.  He  Avill  contrive  them  so  as  to  have  a 
maximum  of  shelter  and  a  minimum  of  Avork.  It  is  merely  a 
matter  of  arrangement ;  and  Ave  Avill  warrant  he  does  not  spend 
much  money. 
