December  24,  19C3.  JOURNAL  CF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAIE  GARDENER. 
585 
products  of  the  old  Double  Wliite  and  the  Double  Red,  as  is 
sometimes  supposed,  as  neither  of  them  produces  seed. 
/  In  the  early  seventies,  certificates  of  merit  vere  awarded 
to  three  forms  exhibited  by  Messrs.  K.  G.  Henderson  and  Son, 
viz..  Emperor,  Exquisite,  and  Magenta  King:  and  subsequently 
Gilbert  of  Burghley  Park,  Hillier  of  Winchester,  and  Tomkins 
of  Birmingham,  produced  double  A-arieties,  tvliicli  are  still  occa¬ 
sionally  to  be  met  with.  Later  still,  Messrs.  Sutton  and  Sons, 
of  Reading,  obtained  some  double  varieties,  the  most  important 
being  the  blue  colour  on  Fern-leaved  foliage. 
I  believe  I  am  correct  in  stating  that  Messrs.  E.  G.  Hender¬ 
son  and  Son  were  the  first  to  introduce  the  Fern-leaved  type, 
but  with  whom  it  originated  I  cannot  say ;  they  obtained  a  com¬ 
mendation  for  Filicifolia  in  18G1,  and  .subseciuently  for  a  white 
and  a  red  form;  later  in  time  a  Amry  fine  double  red  with  a  Fern¬ 
leaved  foliage  AA'as  obtained  by  Messrs.  Windebank  and  Kings¬ 
bury  about  18GG. 
The  first  of  the  single  varieties  of  P.  sinensis  to  obtain  an 
aAvard  Avas  Delicata,  from  Messrs.  F.  and  A.  Smith,  of  Duhvich, 
in  18G2 ;  and  also,  in  the  same  year,  one  for  The  Fairy.  Then 
Messrs.  Windebank  and  Kingsbury  produced  and  obtained  certi¬ 
ficates  of  merit  for  some  seven  Amrieties  betAveen  1865  and  1869. 
A  feAv  Aveeks  afteinvards  Mr.  William  Paul  received  a  certi¬ 
ficate  for  a  .single  variety  named  Waltham  White,  a  large  white 
floAver  hawing  dark  floAver-stem,s  and  leafstalks.  Other  Amrieties 
certificated  in  the  seventies  Avere  Fimbriata  coerulea,  C’occinea, 
C'hisAvick  Red,  Rubro-violacea,  and  several  other  double  forms. 
In  the  early  eighties  Mr.  Henry  Cannell  came  to  the  fore  Avith 
Delicata,  Dr.  Denny,  Emperor,  SAA'anley  Purple.  Swanley  Red, 
itc.  In  1882  Messrs.  Carter  and  Co.  gained  a  certificate  of 
merit  for  Holborn  Blue,  the  first  of  the  improved  grey-blue 
A'arieties,  the  type  having  come  from  Germany. 
Subsequent  improvements  Avhich  obtained  awards  came  from 
Messrs.  H.  Cannell  and  Sons,  aaIio  produced  such  fine  varieties 
as  Bridesmaid,  Eynsford  Pink,  Eynsford  Red,  Her  Majesty, 
Kentish  Fire,  Peach  Blossom,  Pink  Queen,  Princess,  Ac.  :  and 
by  Messrs.  Sutton  and  Sons,  Avhose  Giant  Ro.sy  Queen,  Gipsy 
Queen,  Rosy  Queen  and  others  marked  a  distinct  advance,  and 
especially  some  varieties  they  have  produced  since  the  publica¬ 
tion  of  tlie  list  of  certificated  plants. — R.  Dean,  V.M.H. 
- «  ■ - - 
The  Liliaceffi* 
{Concluded  from  page  553.) 
AkC'HELIKION. 
L.  auratum,  “  the  Golden-rayed  Lily  of  Japan,”  is  the  queen 
of  this  section,  and  also  of  all  the  other  sub-genera.  It  has  been 
suggested  that  this  species  is  a  hybrid  becau.se  its  introductiQ'i 
Avas  at  a  comparative  recent  date  compared  with  some  other 
Japanese  species.  Why  it  Avas  not  collected  over  100  .vears  ago 
is  probably  because,  as  a  Avild  plant,  it  is  found  all  over 
Nippon  (one  of  the  largest  islands  of  the  Japanese  Empire), 
Avhere,  until  1859,  foreigners  Avere  not  alloAved  to  trav'el.  Of 
its  A'arieties,  “  macranthum  ”  and  “  Wittei  ”  are  the  best  of 
the  light-coloured  kinds,  Avhilst  the  red-banded,  rubro-vittatum 
and  “  Crimson  Queen  ”  are  by  some  regarded  as  hybrids  of 
auratum  x  speciosum.  Regarding  the  nomenclature  of  the 
Avhite  varieties  of  speciosum,  there  has  lately  been  an  amount 
of  controversy  (or  advertisement?)  in  the  gardening  Press. 
From  observation  of  the  plants  that  haA^e  come  under  my 
notice,  I  Avould  venture  to  offer  the  folloAving  as  correct:  — 
Kraterzi,  the  ‘‘  Japanese  album,”  is  a  pure  Avhite  di.stinct  form, 
Avith  A'ery  reflexed  floAvers,  the  petals  of  AAhich  are  markedly 
fimhriated  on  the  margins;  pollen,  yelloAv  or  dark  ;  stigma  dark  ; 
midribs  and  stems  green.  The  “  Dutcli  album  ”  is  a  rnbrum  in 
every  detail  except  colour.  FloAA'er  Avith  flatter,  less  reflexed 
petals;  pollen  and  stigma  dark;  exterior  of  petals  (markedly 
in  the  bud  state)  suffused  Avith  a  dark  tint,  also  back  of  mid¬ 
ribs  and  stems  distinctly  dark.  Album  novum,  the  l)est  of  th'^ 
Avhites,  has,  combined  Avith  a  more  robmst  habit,  a  larger  and 
more  symmetrical  floAver,  Avith  yelloAv  anthers,  green  midribs 
and  stigma.  It  is  intere.sting  to  note  that  this  variety  (described 
as  neAv)  is  identical  Avith  the  albiflorum  descriljed  in  Curtis’s 
“  Botanical  Magazine  ”  many  years  ago.  Amongst  thes? 
A'arieties  I  cannot  find  any  to  agree  Avith  roseum,  Avhich,  in  the 
true  form,  has  ahvays  a  green  .stigma  and  midribs. 
Allied  to  L.  .speciosum  by  its  leaves  and  to  L.  tigrinum  by 
its  floAAers,  is  L.  Henryi,  a  very  handsome  yelloAvish-floAvercd 
species.  This  is  a  form  Avhich  has  va.stly  improA'ed  Avhen  com¬ 
pared  Avith  the  Avild  plants  found  by  Dr.  Henrv.  It  is  perfectly 
liardy,  and  frequently  attains  a  height  of  7ft  to  8ft,  producing 
from  tAventy  to  thirty  floAvers. 
ISILIHIOX. 
Of  the  erect  floAvering  species.  Avhich  are  the  Liliuins  most 
frequently  planted  in  borders,  and  of  Avhich  Ave  have  numepous 
gaA’den  A-arieties,  mention  inav  ])e  made  of  L.  elegans,  var.  Alic  ' 
Mdl  ison,  AA  liich  is  one  of  the  best  early-floAvei  ing  A'arietie.s;  and 
*  A  p.iper  re, All  before  the  KeAv  Ganlenei -i'  Giiilil  by  Poml  1  .M.vctiregor.  The 
reque:iCL’  is  br.se .1  on  IMr.  .T.  G.  Baker's  cl  is-iflivUion 
L-c.  var.  Batemani,  decidedly  the  best  late  floAvering  one.  I., 
croceum,  the  ”  yelloAv  Lily”  of  the  cottager-.’  garden'-, ,  f 
dauricum  mnbellatum,  and  bulbiferum  are  equally  Avorthy  of  a 
place. 
Maktagons. 
The  American  species  are  essentially  peat-laving  subjects 
of  easy  cultivation  and  unique  beauty.  1  he  freest  groAver  is 
L.  pai'dalinum,  aa  Inch  in  California  is  almost  a  Aveed,  it  increases 
so  rapidly.  It  attains  a  height  of  from  Gft  to  7ft,  and  pro¬ 
duces  its  leai'es  in  single  aa  horls,  aa  hilst  those  of  L.  Humboldti, 
a  nearly  allied  species,  are  produced  in  biserrate  Avhorls.  Ad  i 
to  this  L.  superhum,  Avhich  has  bright  orange  crimson,  heavily 
spotted  floAvers,  and  Ave  form  a  striking  trio.  Burl)ank’s 
hybrid  pardalinums  are  deserAung  of  extended  cultivation. 
Many  of  them  have  this  summer  produced  OA’er  thirty  floAvers 
on  a  raceme.  L.  Grayi,  ruby-red,  spotted  Avith  claret,  and  L. 
canadense,  Avith  its  varieties,  are  slender  groAving  forms  Avith 
annual  bulbs,  also  from  America. 
The  tAvo  be.st  scarlet  floAvered  species  belonging  to  the  Old 
World  are  L.  chalcedonicum  and  L.  pomponium,  and  it  appears 
superfluous  to  say  that  L.  cam^idnm  is  the  finest  Avhit'o.  L. 
inonadelphum  (goldeii  yelloAv),  Avith  monadelphou.i  stamens,  and 
its  variety  Szovitzianum,  rich  citron  spotted  Avith  black,  and 
po.ssessing  free  .stamens,  are  the  best  of  the  early  floAvering 
yelloAvs.  The  seedling  bulbs  of  L.  inonadelphum  are,  according 
to  one  authority,  .said  to  increase  in  size  heloAv  the  soil  Avithout 
producing  a  green  leaf,  for  tAvo  years. 
Of  hybrid  forms,  L.  x  KeAven.se  is  decidedly  the  be.st.  Thi.s 
is  a  cro.ss  betAve'en  Henryi  and  BroAvni,  var.  choloraster,  Avhich, 
in  floAver,  habit,  and  bulb,  closely  resembles  L.  auratum.  The 
cross  Avas  effected  in  July,  1897,  and  floAvered  July,  1900.  L. 
candidum  x  chalcedonicum  yielded  the  nankeen  yelloAv  form 
L.  x  testaceum  (syn.  excelsum).  L.  Dalhansoni  is  the  result  of 
a  cro.ss  betAveen  Martagon  A'ar.  dalniaticum  and  Han.soni ; 
Avhilst  Burbank’s  hybrids  are  of  mixed  parentage,  including 
pardalinum,  Wa.slungtonianum,  and  Parryi. 
Tulipa. 
Since  the  days  of  the  Tulipomania,  Avlien  bulbs  Avhich  some¬ 
times  had  no  existence,  Avere  sold  from  2,500  to  4,600  florins, 
the  “  SAveet  Tulips  ”  have  been  intimately  a.ssociated  Avith 
“spring  loves”  and  “budding  poets.”  By  reason  of  their 
A’aried  hues,  markings,  and  intensity  of  colour  they  stand  pre¬ 
eminently  in  the  front  rank  of  spring-floAvering  plants.  The 
genus  comprises  about  fifty  species,  only  seA'en  or  eight  of 
Avhich  are  cultivated.  They  are  natiA'es  of  North  Africa, 
Europe,  and  Central  Asia.  The  natural  colours  are  yelloAv, 
scarlet,  and  violet  of  various  hu-es,  Avhite  being  merely  a  de¬ 
colouration.  Those  generally  knoAvn  are  essentially  florist.s’ 
flowers,  Avhicli  are  all  derived  from  Gesneriana,  Avhich  Avas  intro¬ 
duced  into  Europe  in  1556. 
The  florists’  varieties  are  divided  into  four  cla.s.ses.  Breeders, 
self-coloured  forms,  deriving  their  name  from  the  fact  that 
self-colonred  floAAers  are  ahvays  the  first  product  of  the  seed. 
This  character  they  may  retain  from  three  to  tAventy  years. 
Avhen  the  colour  becomes  “  broken.”  ^Ihey  are  then  termed 
Rectified  Tulips,  being  noAv  cliA'ided  into  Bizarres,  if  the  ground 
colour  is  yellow,  and  the  markings  range  from  broAvn,  through 
scarlet  to  black.  Bybloemens  are  so  named  Avhen  the  ground 
is  Avhite  and  the  markings  purple,  lilac,  or  nearly  black  ;  and 
Roses,  when  the  ground  is  Avhite,  the  markings  being  ro.sy  or 
shades  of  pink.  When  the  markings  are  confined  to  the  margins 
of  the  petals  they  are  called  “  feathered,”  Avhil.st  a  “  flam-rd  ” 
floAver  is  a  feathered  floAver  in  Avhich  there  is  a  beam  of  colour 
running  np  the  centre  of  the  segments  from  the  liase  to  the 
markings. 
DarAvins  may  be  aptly  described  as  true  Ge.sneriana  breeders, 
Avhil.st  the  Rembrandts  are  featheied  DarAvins.  In  the  scop;' 
of  this  paper  it  Avould  be  impo.ssihle  to  deal  AA  ith  varietie.s,  and 
my  remarks  Avill  therefore  be  confined  to  species  and  hybrids. 
A.  Segments  uniform,  acuminated:  T.  acuminata,  elegans 
retroflexa.  B.  Segments  not  uniform:  T.  Didieri,  Billietiana  : 
C.  Segments  rounded  at  apex:  T.  Gesneriana,  macrospeila.  D. 
Segments  acute:  Suaveolens.  E.  Segments  obtu.se  and  peduncl? 
pubescent  :  T.  Greigi,  T.  macnlata  pubescens. 
T.  suaA'eolens  yields  our  early  Due  van  Thol  varieties.  The 
Brides  of  Haarlem  are  derived  from  pubescens,  Avhich  is  it.self 
a  hybi'id  betAveen  Gesneriana  and  suaveolens.  Wdience  Ave  haA’? 
the  Parrots  is  still  an  open  question.  Some  hold  that  tliey  are 
de.scended  from  Gesneriana  var.  Dracontia,  Avhilst  it  is  also 
contended  that  they  are  derived  from  platystigma. 
Of  yelloAA's,  retroflexa  is  the  best  ;  tAvo  smaller  species  are 
sylvesti'is  and  primulina.  T.  violacea  is  a  violet-coloured 
sylvestris,  Avitli  Avhich  it  agrees  I)y  its  tuft  of  hairs  at  the  base 
of  the  stamens.  T.  Clusiana,  a  delicate  Avhite,  Airshed  I'ed,  and 
black  basal  blotch:  and  T.  Sprengeri,  dazzling  vermilion,  are 
tAvo  handsome  very  late  forms,  floAvering  in  the  beginning  of 
July.  T.  Kauffmanniana,  a  mixture  of  red.  yelloAv.  and  Avhite. 
is  the  best  earlv  Tulip,  floAA-ering  about  March  20.  In  con¬ 
clusion,  I  mav  he  excused  for  quoting  a  higher  authority  Avlien 
I  say,  “  Considei'  the  Lilies,  hoAv  they  groAv  ” 
