Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 67 (1) 2020, 1-12 | DOI 10.3897/dez.67.46662

Gye
BERLIN

The Tamarix feeding Leafhopper genus Opsius Fieber, 1866
(Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae, Opsiin1) in the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia, with description of a new species

Saad A. El-Sonbati', Michael R. Wilson’, Hathal M. Al Dhafer!

1 King Saud University Museum of Arthropods, Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University,
P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
2 Department of Natural Sciences, National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, CF10 3NP. Wales, UK

http://zoobank.org/DEEE35C5-0597-4778-840E-D3D9DAI1F9I6E

Corresponding author: Saad A. El-Sonbati (anase24@yahoo.com; ssonbati@ksu.edu.sa)

Academic editor: D. Zimmermann @ Received 17 September 2019 # Accepted 19 December 2019 @ Published 14 January 2020

Abstract

The leafhopper genus Opsius Fieber, 1866 is revised for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Seven species are treated, including three that
previously were reported by Dlabola (1979), O. pallasi (Lethierry, 1874), O. tigripes (Lethierry, 1876), and O. versicolor (Distant,
1908). Opsius heydeni (Lethierry, 1876), O. richteri Diabola 1960, and O. scutellaris (Lethierry, 1874) are reported for the first time
from the Kingdom. A new species, O. wilsoni El-Sonbati, sp. nov. is described from the southwestern region of the Kingdom of

Saudi Arabia. A key to the species of Opsius of the Kingdom is also provided.

Key Words

Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae, distribution, Hemiptera, leafhopper, Opsiini

Introduction

The Cicadellidae is the largest family of the suborder
Auchenorrhyncha, and the Deltocephalinae is the largest
leafhopper subfamily with more than 6,700 valid species
(Zahniser and Dietrich 2013). The tribe Opsiini is divid-
ed into four subtribes including more than 300 species.
Recently, the subtribe Opsiina has had additional genera
(El-Sonbati et al. 2016, 2017) and species (El-Sonbati et
al. 2015, 2018, 2019) added, doubling the known genera
from the Arabian Peninsula.

The genus Opsius Fieber, 1866 (Opsiini; type species
Opsius stactogalus Fieber, 1866) includes at least 20
valid species distributed worldwide. This study records
seven species of Opsius from the Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia (KSA), including three previously reported by
Dlabola (1979, 1980). Three additional species are re-
ported herein for the first time from KSA and a new
species is also proposed from the southwestern region

of the country. This region has strong Afrotropical affin-
ities (von Kéler 1955).

Among the 20 species of Opsius, 17 have been record-
ed from the Palaearctic Region, with only three shared
with other regions, O. stactogalus Fieber, 1866, O. ver-
sicolor (Distant, 1908) and O. cypriacus Lindberg, 1958.
Only O. stactogalus is considered cosmopolitan (Zah-
niser 2019). Opsius species are apparently restricted to
moist habitats with Zamarix spp. (Tamaricaceae), and es-
pecially river valleys. Zamarix spp. are known to be salt
tolerant (Newete et al. 2019) and are difficult to identify
with many species known. KSA is the center of diversity
of the 7. nilotica (Ehrenb.) Bunge group and T: aphylla
(L. Karst) (Guba and Glennie 1998). Due to their feeding
activity, Opsius leafhoppers are well-known honeydew
producers on Zamarix spp. (Wiesenborn 2004; Virla et al.
2010; Siemion and Stevens 2015).

Copyright Saad A. El-Sonbati et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

2 Saad A. El-Sonbati et al.: A new species of the genus Opsius Fieber, 1866

The purpose of this study is to clarify the taxonomy
of Opsius species of KSA. The morphological charac-
ters and global distributions of each species occurring in
KSA are presented.

Material and methods

The holotype and paratypes of the new species are de-
posited in King Saud University Museum of Arthropods
(KSMA), College of Food and Agriculture Sciences,
King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA and in the National
Museum of Wales, Cardiff (NMWC). Other specimens
examined are deposited in KSMA.

The morphological terminology follows Dietrich
(2005). Measurements are given in millimeters (mm) and
are the mean value of 20 specimens of each species; if

fewer than 20 specimens were available, all were meas-
ured. Genitalia preparations were made by soaking the
terminalia in hot 10% KOH solution for 8-10 minutes,
and then washed in distilled water. The cleared termina-
lia were transferred to glycerol for further dissection and
examination. After examination, genitalia were moved to
fresh glycerol and stored in a micro vial pinned below
each specimen.

All specimens were examined with a Leica LABO-
PHOT-2 stereomicroscope. Illustrations of the male gen-
italia were prepared using a NIKON microscope with
a drawing tube attachment. Images were taken with a
Canon 70D DSLR attached to a Leica Z6 microscope.
Individual source images were then stacked using Hel-
icon Focus v. 6.22 software, with calibrated scale bars
added using Syncroscopy Automontage v. 5.4. The maps
(Figs 75, 76) were created using ArcGIS 10.3 software.

Key to males of Opsius species in the Arabian Peninsula

1 Aedeagus and phallobase with two pairs of processes....

_ Aedeagus and phallobase with one pair Of ProCceSSes...............cccccscecenseeceeeceeeaeeceesuecsencuecaeeceesseceeeceecauecaessecsescurseeesensens 2
2 Aedeagal shafts substantially shorter than basal appendages ................ccccececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaes O. pallasi (Lethierry)
- Aedeagal shafts and basal appendages equal or only slightly different lengths ........... cece cee ce cece cence ceeeeeeeteeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 3
3 Process branches almost contiguous, processes and aedeagal shafts distant from each other (Fig. 32)..............eee

DN Eerie 5s eee nha Sn soe et ted hl Mines 2 hoe RUE ark nr os ee Pe eee eet ee, 0a ree Been hs ae O. versicolor (Distant)
~ Process branches parallel or divergent, processes and aedeagal shafts close to each Other ........ cece ec cece eee eee eee eene ees 4
4 Aedeagal shafts and basal process distinctly divergent throughout its length.................cccccececeeceeeeceeeeceeeeeeeeeeeseeeseeeeaes 5
- Aedeagal shafts and basal process parallel or slightly divergent throughout Its length ................ccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 6
5 Aedeagal shafts and basal processes distinctively curved backward to connective; apex of processes arched to base,

closevlo-each, other longer-tham aedeagal’siiantS (RIG 226) cn. ..i7. cc. ssid secede abhestaseeeenctlt dasndebbbecses cane stuleass O. richteri Dlabola
~ Aedeagal shafts and basal process slightly curved but not backward; apex of process curved outward, distant from each

other, shorter than aedeagal shafts; apex of aedeagus forming a hump or lamellate (Fig. 29)....O0. scutellaris (Lethierry)
6 Aedeagal shafts and basal process parallel throughout its extent, aedeagal shafts equal to basal process (Fig. 35) ......

ita datiet MRA ed Rig ican bitter tells Meme Mit heel eee meet at aa So ee ene anit te ei tt tye REEL aden ca RE cal LL iT O. wilsoni sp. nov.
Aedeagal shafts and basal process slightly divergent throughout its extent, aedeagal shafts shorter than basal process ...7
Basal process-s trash bul without any CurvalurerC hier 23) hoes. tes typ hts cee ah eee ee age 8 O. heydeni (Lethierry)
Basal Process: NOt 'Straisiit, CUVEE TSAO CA Pics e.< lle rdcune wake weet «ons Adds ye nude tow Post Giltentcnat nce eadn ant oben O. tigripes (Lethierry)

Results and discussion

Genus Opsius Fieber

Opsius Fieber 1866: 505 (Type: Opsius stactogalus Fieber, 1866)
Cestius Distant 1908: 309 (Type: Cestius versicolor Distant, 1908)
Opsius Dlabola 1981: 247; Khatri and Webb 2010: 14

Description. The genus Opsius can be recognized by the
following combination of features:

Head. Head as wide as or slightly wider than pronotum;
crown parallel in length or slightly produced, more than
or equal to two times the width of eye; ocelli on crown
posterad of anterior margin and close to eyes; gena slightly

incised; antenna short, near upper corner of eye; Frontocly-
peus shorter than wide, with fine erect seta on gena close to
lateral frontal suture; lateral frontal suture reaching ocellus,
shorter than clypeogenal suture, toward middle of ocelli; ra-
tio of frontoclypeal loral suture to clypellar loral suture more
than 4; lorum extended nearly to genal margin, wider than
clypellus at base; clypellar suture complete and arcuate; cl-
ypellus, not inflated, expanded apically ovoid, not protrud-
ing beyond the curve of gena, straight or convex apically.

Thorax. Thorax yellowish green in colour, pronotum
more than two times the length of vertex, wider than long,
short lateral margin, anterior margin convex, posterior
margin concave or slightly straight, about two times as
long as scutellum; scutellum wider than long.

* Q. stactogalus Fieber and O. cypriacus Lindberg are not known from the Arabian Peninsula but known from neighboring

countries and are potential species of the region

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Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 67 (1) 2020, 1-12

Wings. Forewings more than three times as long as wide,
appendix restricted to anal margin with A veins gently curved
distally, Al crossvein present or absent, Al—A2 crossvein
present or absent, two closed anteapical cells, inner anteapi-
cal cell open. Hind wing submarginal vein complete.

Legs. Legs generally yellowish green with brown
spots, with brown setal areolae; profemur row AM with
AM 1, profemur with two dorsoapical setae; intercalary
row with 8 fine scattered setae gradually reduced apically;
AV row with numerous long setae. Protibia dorsal margin
rounded, AD row with 1 macrosetae, PD row with 4 mac-
rosetae, AV row with numerous macrosetae, PV row with
1 to 4 macrosetae. Mesofemur AV row with numerous se-
tae, two dorsoapical seta, short and reduced. Metafemur
setal formula 2+2+1, setae of penultimate pair set close
to each other. Metatibia arched throughout its length, PD
row with long and short macrosetae alternating or sube-
qual in length, AD row with macrosetae and one smaller
intercalary seta between each pair, AV row with numer-
ous macrosetae and extending nearly to base, gradually
increasing in size apically. Metatarsomere I length equal
or shorter to tarsomeres II and II] combined.

Male genitalia. Pygofer broadly rounded posteriorly,
without process, and with well differentiated macrosetae
into several rows; valve triangular, laterally, short and
pointed articulation with pygofer and free to subgenital
plates; subgenital plates triangular, with one row of mac-
rosetae laterally, apex often fingerlike, membranous, with
rounded, stout or tapered end; style broadly bilobed basal-
ly, with preapical lobe, apophysis not elongate; connective
anterior arms linear, contiguous, Y- or U-shaped, not fused,
articulated with aedeagus; abdominal apodemes broad,
narrow, or tiny, extended to 1°, 2" visible segments, with
distance between two branches, posterior margin angled,
acute rounded, gradually tapering externally and gradually
tapering or tapered internally; aedeagus not hinged at base,
with atrium not extending ventrad of shafts, with basal
process, basal processes diverging or slightly diverging or
parallel or converging, close to each other or distant, aris-
ing from socle, divided near base or from middle, aedeagal
shafts parallel or diverging or converging or a hump or
lamellate, with or without pair of ventral processes at base,
aedeagal socle swollen and bulbous.

Female genitalia. Pygofer with scattered macrosetae,
Ovipositor not protruding far beyond pygofer apex; first
valvula convex; second valvula broad, gradually tapered
or slender throughout, teeth on apical 1/3 or more, regu-
larly or irregularly shaped, large and prominent.

Distribution. Palaearctic, Oriental (Oman et al. 1990),
Afrotropical (Lindberg 1958; Metcalf 1967) (Figs 75,
76), Nearctic (adventive) (Metcalf 1967), Neotropic (ad-
ventive) (Virla et al. 2010).

Diagnosis. The genus Opsius can be distinguished by
general colour pattern often greenish brown patches, ante-
rior margin of head without carinae, not angularly curved
to the face, face convex, and neither horizontal nor con-
cave, face not elongate; pronotum without longitudinal
dark bands or transverse dark markings; aedeagus not

hinged at base, with atrium not extending ventrad of shafts,
with basal process, basal processes diverging or slightly
diverging or parallel or converging, close to each other or
distant, arising from socle, divided near base or from mid-
dle, aedeagal shafts parallel or diverging or converging or
a hump or lamellate, with or without pair of ventral pro-
cesses at base, aedeagal socle swollen and bulbous.

Comment. Opsius was described by Fieber (1866)
with O. stactogalus designated as a type species. Spe-
cies have been subsequently described, but unfortunately
several species have been described only from females,
with descriptions often incomplete, lacking illustrations,
and without the examination of types of other species. In
our examination of available material of the genus, the
following morphological characters in males can be used
to characterize the genus: the relative lengths of the pairs
of basal processes; and the relative lengths of the pair of
aedeagal shafts; the relative lengths and distance between
aedeagal shafts and pairs of processes at mid-length and
tip length. A comprehensive revision of the genus is re-
quired to develop a key for all Opsius species.

Opsius heydeni (Lethierry)
Figs 1-4, 23-25, 38-40, 53-57

Opsius heydeni Lethierry and Puton 1876: 51
Athysanus heideni de Bergevin 1931: 429
Euscelis heydeni Lindberg 1936: 2

Opsius lethierryi Wagner 1942: 121

Description. In addition to generic characters, with the
following characteristics.

Male genitalia. Subgenital plates with rounded apex
(Fig. 38); connective linear, contiguous (Fig. 40); apo-
demes broad, extending to mid-length or the end of sec-
ond abdomen segments, apodeme width 1.5 times the
distance between each apodeme, posterior margin angled
externally and tapered internally (Fig. 54); aedeagus with
only dorsal process, both slightly curved inward preapi-
cally but not bent, aedeagal shafts with diverging branch-
es, ratio of distance between two shafts at mid-length to
tip length 5/9, straight, shorter than basal process, as wide
as basal process, basal process extending close to shafts
branches, pointed; phallobase not inflated (Figs 23, 24).

Female genitalia. Female 7" sternite 2.5 times as
broad at base as long medially, posterior margin concave,
acutely sinuous with V-shaped notch 1n middle, postero-
lateral angles rounded (Fig. 55); first valvula slightly con-
vex; second valvula gradually tapered apically with rath-
er small and serrate teeth on dorsal surface (Figs 56, 57).

Measurement. 3 3.6 mm; 9, 4 mm; pygofer, 0.70
mm; valve, 0.26 mm; subgenital plate, 0.55 mm; style,
0.33 mm; connective, 0.39 mm; apodemes, 0.33 mm; ae-
deagus to process, 0.51 mm; aedeagus to shaft, 0.48 mm;
distance at top of aedeagal shafts, 0.14 mm; distance at
mid-length of aedeagal shafts, 0.08 mm; female 7" ster-
nite, 0.47 mm.

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Saad A. El-Sonbati et al.: A new species of the genus Opsius Fieber, 1866

=
=
>
—
=

Figures 1-22. Habitus of Opsius spp. 1-4. O. heydeni (Lethierry), <, 1. dorsal view; 2. lateral view; 3. dorsal view of head and
thorax; 4. face; 5-8. O. richteri Dlabola, 4, 5. dorsal view; 6. lateral view; 7. dorsal view of head and thorax; 8. face; 9-12. O. scute-
llaris (Lethierry), 3, 9. dorsal view; 10. lateral view; 11. dorsal view of head and thorax; 12. face; 13-18. O. versicolor (Distant),
&, 13. dorsal view; 14. lateral view; 15. dorsal view of head and thorax; 16. face; 17. 2, dorsal view; 18. 2, dorsal view of head and
thorax; 19-22. O. wilsoni sp. nov., 3, 19. dorsal view; 20. lateral view; 21. dorsal view of head and thorax; 22. face.

Specimens examined. 21919¢, KSA: Asir: Wadi
Qounonah: 19°24.67'N, 041°36.39'E, 348 m, Light trap,
11.11.2012, El-Sonbati, S. & Al Dhafer, H.; 16', same but
Wadi Yabah: 19°20.52'N, 041°55.73'E, 411 m, 12.11.2012,
Abdel-Dayem, M. & El Torky, A.; 12, same but Wadi Targ:
19°37.38'N, 042°18.02'E, 1317 m, 14.11.2012, Fadl H., Set-
yaningrum H.; 291, same but Wadi Baqrah: 18°47.48'N,

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041°56.31'E, 331 m, 4.VI.2014, El-Sonbati, S.; 2216,
same but Khamis Mushayt, Wadi Bisha: 18°20.02'N,
042°42.22'E, 1990m, Sweep net, 27.1V.2011, Sharaf, M.,
Al Ansi, A. & Setyaningrum, H.; 191, KSA: Bahah,
Shada, Wadi Neera: 19°44.87'N, 041°20.01'E, 471 m, Vac-
uum, 10.XII.2014, Al Dhafer, H., Fadl, H., Abdel-Dayem,
S. & El Torky, A.; 12, KSA, Riyadh, Al Ammariyah:

Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 67 (1) 2020, 1-12

24°40.00'N, 043°40.00'E, Beating, 22.11.2012, Drayhim,
Y., Al Dhafer, H., El-Gharbawy, A. & El-Sonbati, S.
Distribution. Azores, Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Ca-
nary Islands, Egypt, European Russia, France, Germany,
Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Libya, Morocco, Sardinia,
Sweden, Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Met-
calf 1967); Saudi Arabia (present study) (Figs 75, 76).
Ecology and biology. This species is widespread and
common in southwestern KSA and is often associated
with the wadies of Asir Province, a habitat that has one
of the most diverse floras of the region. In five of these
Asir wadies and also in Baha Province, KSA, O. heydeni
became common in March, particularly in Wadi Qouno-
nah. Although Opsius is host-specific on Tamarix spp.,
this species was collected from other plants at these sites
including Acacia spp. (Fabaceae) (Figs 77-79).
Diagnosis. Opsius heydeni is similar to O. wilsoni sp. nov.
but males of the species can be distinguished easily by the
aedeagus and dorsal process slightly curved inward preapi-
cally, aedeagal shafts with diverging branches and straight,
shorter than basal process, as wide as the basal process, ratio
of distance between two shafts at mid-length to tip length
5/9; and the basal process extending close to shafts branches.

Opsius pallasi (Lethierry)

Athysanus pallasi Lethierry 1874: 449
Opsius pallasi Lethierry 1874: 449
Athysanus pallasii Puton 1875: 138
Opsius pallasi Diabola 1979: 131
Opsius distantiatus Dlabola 1960a: 2

Specimens examined. No specimens were examined
from KSA. Several specimens of this species from Iran
were studied but not illustrated.

Distribution. European Russia, Tajikistan (Dlabo-
la 1960a; Metcalf 1967) Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan,
France, Georgia, Greece, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Spain,
Tadzhikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
(Metcalf 1967); Saudi Arabia (Dlabola 1979); Iran (Dlab-
ola 1981) (Figs 75, 76).

Diagnosis. The males of this species can be easily distin-
guished from all other members of the genus by the aedeagus
and phallobase with one pair of processes; and the aedeagal
shafts substantially shorter than the basal appendages.

Opsius richteri Diabola
Figs 5-8, 26-28, 41-43, 58-62

Opsius richteri Dlabola 1960b: 15

Description. In addition to generic characters, with the
following characteristics.

Male genitalia. Pygofer slightly angled posteriorly
(Fig. 58); subgenital plates with rounded apex (Fig. 41);
connective linear, contiguous (Fig. 43); apodemes nar-

5

row, extend to mid-length or the end of first abdomen seg-
ments, apodeme width three times as distance between
each apodeme, posterior margin angled externally and
tapered internally (Fig. 59); aedeagus with only dorsal
process, both distinctively curved or bent inward at base,
aedeagal shafts with diverging branches, ratio of distance
between two shafts at mid-length to tip length 5/11, bent
inward at base, shorter than basal process, two times as
wide as basal process, basal process extending close to
shaft branches, distinctively curved to form distinctive
inward pointed tips; phallobase not inflated (Figs 26, 27).

Female genitalia. Female 7" sternite three times as
broad at base as long medially, posterior margin concave,
slightly produced with V-shaped notch in middle, poste-
rolateral angles acutely rounded (Fig. 60); first valvula
slightly convex; second valvula slender throughout their
length with rather small and serrate teeth on dorsal sur-
face (Figs 61, 62).

Measurement. 3 2.8 mm; 9, 3.2 mm; pygofer, 0.39
mm; valve, 0.25 mm; subgenital plate, 0.46 mm; style, 0.32
mm; connective, 0.39 mm; apodemes, 0.22 mm; aedeagus
to process, 0.16 mm; aedeagus to shaft, 0.16 mm; distance
at top of aedeagal shafts, 0.17 mm; distance at mid-length
of aedeagal shafts, 0.08 mm; female 7" sternite, 0.61 mm.

Specimens examined. 749574, KSA: Asir, Wadi
Qounonah: 19°24.67'N, 041°36.39'E, 348 m, Light trap,
11.11.2012, El-Sonbati, S., Al Dhafer, H., Fadl, H., Ab-
del-Dayem, M., El- Torky, A. & Al Ansi, A.; 1214, same
but Al Mandaq, Wadi Tourabah: 20°14.37'N, 041°15.23'E,
1757 m, 9.111.2012; 7226), same but Thalooth Al Mandhar,
Wadi Baqrah: 18°47.98'N, 042°01.38'E, 425 m, 4.VI1.2014,
El-Sonbati, S.; 19, same but Al Dhafer H. & Fadl H.;
172 34, KSA: Jazan, Baish, Wadi Baish: 17°22.46'N,
042°32.24'E, LT, 30.1.015, Mashry, H. & Iftekhar, R.;
14, same but Abo Arish Road, Al Ariydah: 17°02.39'N,
042°58.47'E, sweep net, 12.11.2010, Al Dhafer, H. & A.
El-Gharbawy; 7¢', same but Wadi Jizan: 17°01.28'N,
042°59.19'E, 158 m, Vacuum, 16.11.2014, El-Sonbati, S.;
14, same but Al-Dayer: 17°20.39'N, 043°07.86'E, Vacuum,
1.V.2014, Al Dhafer, H. & El-Sonbati, S.; 3, KSA: Bahah,
Shada, Wadi Neera: 19°44.87'N, 041°20.01'E, 471 m, vac-
uum, 10.X1I.2014, Al Dhafer, H., Fadl, H., Abdel-Dayem,
S. & El Torky, A.; 22, Oman: Samad Ashan Arrwdha:
22°53.33'N, 058°13.83'E, 20-30.X.2017, A. Al-Jahdami.

Distribution. Iran (Dlabola 1960b); Oman, Saudi Ara-
bia (present study) (Figs 75, 76).

Ecology and biology. The abundance of this species
varied phenologically between areas of the southwest-
ern region of KSA. Peak abundance in Asir Province
occurred in March, whereas in Jazan Province, the peak
abundance occurred in January. Most specimens were
collected by using light traps, but numerous specimens
were also collected in Jazan Province from 7Zamarix spp.
with a sweep net and by a portable vacuuming device.
Opsius richteri comprised approximately 36% of the total
number of specimens of this genus examined from KSA.
This species was especially abundant at Wadi Qounonah,
Asir Province, KSA (Figs 77-79).

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6 Saad A. El-Sonbati et al.: A new species of the genus Opsius Fieber, 1866

Figures 23—37. Male genital structures of Opsius spp. 23-25. O. heydeni (Lethierry). 23. Aedeagus dorsal view; 24. Lateral view;
25. Style; 26-28. O. richteri Dilabola. 26. Aedeagus dorsal view, 27. Lateral view; 28. Style; 29-31. O. scutellaris (Lethierry).
29. Aedeagus dorsal view, 30. Lateral view; 31. Style; 32-34. O. versicolor (Distant). 32. Aedeagus dorsal view, 33. Lateral view;
34. Style; 35-37. O. wilsoni sp. nov. 35. Aedeagus dorsal view, 36. Lateral view; 37. Style.

Diagnosis. The aedeagus of O. richteri is similar to O.
scutellaris with the aedeagal shaft branches diverging but
can be distinguished by produced crown, aedeagal shafts
and dorsal process distinctively curved or bent inward at
base, and shaft branches two times as wide as basal process.

Opsius scutellaris (Lethierry)
Figs 9-12, 29-31, 4446, 63, 64

Athysanus scutellaris Lethierry 1874: 449
Opsius scutellaris Lethierry 1874: 449; Lindberg 1954: 227

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Description. In addition to generic characters, with the
following characteristics.

Male genitalia. Pygofer slightly angled mid-poste-
riorly (Fig. 63); subgenital plate with gradually tapered
apex (Fig. 44); connective Y-shaped (Fig. 46); apodemes
narrow, extending to end of second abdominal segments,
apodeme width three times as distance between each apo-
deme, posterior margin angled externally and tapered 1n-
ternally (Fig. 64); aedeagus with only a dorsal process,
both distinctively curved inward at mid-length, aedeagal
shafts with diverging branches, ratio of distance between
two shafts at mid-length to tip length 5/11, curved inward

Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 67 (1) 2020, 1-12

0.1 mm
0.1 mm

0.1 mm

Figures 38—52. Male genital structures of Opsius spp. 38-40. O. heydeni (Lethierry). 38. Subgenital plate, 39. Valve; 40. Connec-
tive; 41-43. O. richteri Dlabola. 41. Subgenital plate, 42. Valve; 43. Connective; 44-46. O. scutellaris (Lethierry). 44. Subgenital
plate, 45. Valve; 46. Connective; 47-49. O. versicolor (Distant). 47. Subgenital plate. 48. Valve; 49. Connective; 50-52. O. wilsoni

sp. nov. 50. Subgenital plate, 51. Valve; 52. Connective.

at mid-length, longer that basal process, three times as
wide as basal process, forming a hump or lamellate, basal
process extending close to shaft branches, pointed; phal-
lobase not inflated (Figs 29, 30).

Measurement. 3 2.8 mm; pygofer, 0.41 mm; valve,
0.26 mm; subgenital plate, 0.39 mm; style, 0.42 mm;
connective, 0.43 mm; apodemes, 0.45 mm; aedeagus to
process, 0.17 mm; aedeagus to shaft, 0.10 mm; distance
at top of aedeagal shafts, 0.17 mm; distance at mid-length
of aedeagal shafts, 0.08 mm.

Specimens examined. 2, KSA: Abha Province, Sad
Abha: 18°19.32'N, 042°31.00'E, vacuum, 23.J]I.2014,
El-Sonbati, S. A.

Distribution. Algeria, Canary Islands, China, Libya
(Metcalf 1967); Saudi Arabia (present study) (Figs 75, 76).

Ecology and biology. Two males of O. scutellaris were
collected at Sad Abha (dam of Abha) from weedy plants
surrounding a large pool in Abha Al Jadidah Park located
in the central part of the city. This species is considered
uncommon, with only two specimens collected during ex-
tensive sampling not only in southwestern region of KSA
but also in Abha Al Jadidah Park (Figs 77-79).

Diagnosis. Males of O. scutellaris can be distinguished
from all members of the genus by subgenital apex with a
lobe-like process; aedeagal shafts three times as wide as
basal process, forming a hump or lamellate.

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8 Saad A. El-Sonbati et al.: A new species of the genus Opsius Fieber, 1866

Opsius tigripes (Lethierry)

Athysanus tigripes Lethierry 1876a: 87; Lethierry 1876b:15
Opsius tigripes Vilbaste 1962: 140; Nast 1972: 325; Dlabola 1979: 131

Specimens examined. KSA. Wadi Al Ammariyah; Ho-
fuf, 8 ITV—23.V.77. Buttiker, 1SEx. (examined but not
available to be illustrated in present study)

Distribution. Afghanistan, Iran, Russia (Metcalf
1967); Saudi Arabia (Dlabola 1979) (Figs 75, 76).

Diagnosis. This species is similar to O. heydeni but the
males can be distinguished by the aedeagal shafts and ba-
sal process slightly divergent throughout its length, with
the aedeagal shafts being shorter than the basal process,
and the basal process not straight and curved preapically.

Opsius versicolor (Distant)
Figs 13-18, 32-34, 47-49, 65-69

Cestius versicolor Distant 1908: 310

Opsius dissimilis Vilbaste 1961: 43

Hishimonus tamaricus Ishihara 1972: 84

Cestius sakroensis Ahmed and Sultana 1994: 126

Description. In addition to generic characters, with the
following characteristics.

Male genitalia. Pygofer slightly angled posteriorly (Fig.
65); subgenital plates with stout apex (Fig. 47); connective
Y-shaped (Fig. 49); apodemes tiny, not exceeding the first
segment; apodeme width three times as distance between
each apodeme, posterior margin gradually tapering, concave
at preapical margin (Fig. 66); aedeagus with only a dorsal
process, both straight or slightly curved inward preapically
but not bent, aedeagal shafts with diverging branches, ratio
of distance between two shafts at mid-length to tip length
5/11, straight, shorter than basal process, two times as wide
as basal process, basal process extending narrower to each
other, pointed; phallobase not inflated (Figs 32, 33).

Female genitalia. Female 7" sternite 2.5 times as broad
at base as long medially, posterior margin with median lobe-
like projection with V-shaped notch in middle, posterolater-
al angles conically rounded (Fig. 67); first valvula convex;
second valvula gradually tapered apically with rather small
and serrate tooth on dorsal surface (Figs 68, 69).

Measurement. ¢ 3.3 mm; 9, 3.7 mm; pygofer, 0.65
mm; valve, 0.31 mm; subgenital plate, 0.46 mm; style, 0.31
mm; connective, 0.26 mm; apodemes, 0.10 mm; aedeagus
to process, 0.26 mm; aedeagus to shaft, 0.17 mm; distance
at top of aedeagal shafts, 0.17 mm; distance at mid-length
of aedeagal shafts, 0.08 mm; female 7" sternite, 0.80 mm.

Specimens examined. 1099<', KSA: Jazan, Baish,
Wadi Baish: 17°22.46'N, 042°32.24'E, Light trap,
30.1.2015, Mashry, H. & Iftekhar, R.; 1916, same but
AlAriydah, Jizan Dam: 17°02.62'N, 042°98.36'E, 187 m,
Beating, 21.V.2012, Al Ansi, A.; 19, same but Wadi Jizan:
17°01.28'N, 042°59.19'E, 158 m, Sucking, 16.]II.2014,
El-Sonbati, S.; 12, same but Fifa, AlAbsia: 17°15.83'N,
043°06.49'E, 1770 m, 17.11.2014; 2791180, KSA: Asir,

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Wadi Qounonah: 19°24.67'N, 041°36.39'E, 348 m, Light
trap, 11.11.2012, El-Sonbati, S. & Al Dhafer, H.; 12, same
but Wadi Al Talalea: 19°02.90'N, 041°58.17'E, 242 m,
Sweep net, 1.V.2012, Al Dhafer, H., Abdeldayem, S., Al
Ansi, A. & Al Othman, A.; 2936, same but Wadi Namar:
24°34.04'N, 046°40.59'E, Sweep net, 29.11.2012, Al Ansi,
A., Al Harbi, M. & Al Othman, A.; 14, same but Wadi Targ:
19°37.39'N, 042°18.02'E, 1317 m, Light trap, 14.JII.2012,
Fad, H. & Setyaningrum, H.; 1914, same but Wadi Tou-
rabah: 20°14.37'N, 041°15.23'E, 1757 m, Light trap,
9 III.2012, Al Dhafer, H., Fadl, H., Abdel-Dayem, S., El
Torky, A. & Al Ansi, A.; 291, same but Khamis Mushayt,
Wadi Bisha: 18°20.02'N, 042°42.22'E, 1990 m, Sweep
net, 27.1V.2011, Sharaf, M., Al Ansi, A. & Setyaningrum,
H.; 2924, same but Al-Hubail, Wadi Reem, 9.II.2016,
Vacuum, 18°06.98'N, 042°13.94'E, 451 m, A. Anst1.;
229334, KSA: Bahah, Shada, Wadi Neera: 19°44.87'N,
041°20.01'E, 471 m, Vacuum, 10.XII.2014, Al Dhafer, H.,
Fadl, H., Abdel-Dayem, S., El Torky, A.; 12, KSA: Na-
jran, Hubuna, Al Dhaigah: 17°50.71'N, 044°15.83'E, 1228
m, Sweep net, 14.1.2013, AlAnsi, A., Rasool, I. & Khan,
S.; 12, KSA, Muzahimiyah, Al Khararah: 24°24.35'N,
046°14.67'E, Light trap, 17.1V.2012, Al Dhafer, H., Fadl,
H., Abdel-Dayem, S., El Torky, A. & AlAnsi, A.; 19,
KSA, Riyadh, Al Ammartyah: 24°40.00'N, 043°40.00'E,
Beating, 22.11.2012, Al Drayhim, Y., Al Dhafer, H.,
El-gharbawy, A. & El-Sonbati, S.; 224¢, Oman: Samad
Ashan, Aswareeg, 1—10.X.2017, 22°49.50'N, 058°09.12'E,
A. Al-Jahdhami; 1¢', same but, 9-10. VIII.2017; 1950,
Muscat (Seeb), Botanic Garden, 5—8.X1.2017, Light trap,
23°33.59'N, 058°07.79'E, A. Al-Jahdhami.

Distribution. European Russia (Dlabola 1961), India,
Indonesia (Metcalf 1967), Pakistan (Ahmed and Sul-
tana 1994), Saudi Arabia (Dlabola 1979); Oman (present
study) (Figs 75, 76).

Ecology and biology. Opsius versicolor was the most
common species collected during this study comprising
approximately 50% of the total number of specimens ex-
amined. Relative abundances varied, with numbers peak-
ing in March in Asir Province, peak abundance in January
in Jazan Province, and in November in Baha Province,
KSA (Figs 77-79).

Diagnosis. Males of O. versicolor can be distinguished
by tiny apodemes not exceeding the first segment, aedea-
gal shafts with diverging branches, and the basal process
contiguous or coherent to each other. This species dimor-
phic, with the crown of males being slightly produced
(Figs 13-16), and that of females parallel (Figs 17, 18).

Opsius wilsoni El-Sonbati, sp. nov.
http://zoobank.org/FEFF6893-1486-4728-9455-A A BB9A0B5B94
Figs 19-22, 35-37, 50-52, 70-74

Description. In addition to generic characters, with the
following characteristics.

Coloration. General coloration light yellow whitish,
greenish brown, with black punctation on forewings
(Figs 19-22). Face and vertex yellowish. Pronotum with

Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 67 (1) 2020, 1-12

0.3 mm 0.2 mm

es
74

Figures 53-74, Male/Female genital structures of Opsius spp. 53-57. O. heydeni (Lethierry). 53. &, Pygofer, 54. @, Apodeme; 55. 9, 7"
sternite; 56-57. 2, Ovipositor. 58-62. O. richteri Dlabola. 58. 3’, Pygofer, 59. 3, Apodeme; 60. 2, 7" sternite; 61, 62. 2, Ovipositor. 63,
64. O. scutellaris (Lethierry). 63. 3, Pygofer, 64. 3, Apodeme; 65-69. O. versicolor (Distant). 65. 3’, Pygofer, 66. 3, Apodeme; 67. 9,
7* sternite; 68, 69. 2, Ovipositor. 70-74. O. wilsoni sp. nov. 70. 4, Pygofer, 71. 4, Apodeme; 72. 9, 7" sternite; 73, 74. 2, Ovipositor.

light yellow anterior margin, and with light green poste-
rior margin. Scutellum light yellow whitish. Forewings
greenish brown, with scattered black punctation, trans-
parent at the outer edge, with brownish apical and sub-
apical cells, with some dense brown stripes inside. Legs
yellow with brown setal areolae, apices of tarsomeres and
claws from brown to dark brown.

Head. Head slightly wider than pronotum. Crown
parallel in length, slightly more than two times the
width of compound eye, with tiny median groove, with
round apex. Ocelli on crown posterad of anterior mar-
gin and close to eyes. Gena slightly incised with small
projection. Antenna short, near upper corner of eye. An-
tennal ledge weakly carinate. Frontoclypeus anterodor-
sal part inflated, posteroventral part not inflated, shorter
than wide, with fine erect seta on gena close to lateral
frontal suture. Lateral frontal suture reaching ocellus,
shorter than clypeogenal suture, toward middle of ocel-
li, ratio of frontoclypeal loral suture to clypellar loral
suture more than “%. Lorum extended nearly to genal
margin, wider than clypellus at base. Clypellar suture
complete and arcuate. Clypellus, not inflated, expanded
apically ovoid, not protruding the curve of gena, straight
or convex apically.

Thorax. Pronotum wider than long, with convex an-
terior margin and concave posterior margin, short lateral
margin, more than two times the length of vertex, about
two times as long as scutellum. Scutellum wider than long.

Wings. Macropterous, forewings more than three
times as long as wide, appendix restricted to anal margin,
without reflexed costal veins, with A veins gently curved
distally, Al crossvein absent, Al—A2 crossvein absent,
two closed anteapical cells, inner anteapical cell open.
Hind wings not visible, submarginal vein complete.

Legs. Profemur and mesofemur inflated. Profemur
row AM with AM1, profemur with two dorsoapical se-
tae; intercalary row with eight fine scattered setae grad-
ually reduced apically; AV row with numerous long se-
tae. Protibia dorsal margin rounded, AD row with one
macrosetae, PD row with four macrosetae, AV row with
numerous macrosetae, PV row with 1-4 macrosetae. Me-
sofemur AV row with numerous setae, two dorsoapical
seta, short and reduced. Metafemur setal formula 2+2+1,
setae of penultimate pair set close to each other. Metatibia
arched throughout its length, PD row with long and short
macrosetae alternating or subequal in length, AD row
with macrosetae and one smaller intercalary seta between
each pair, AV row with numerous macrosetae and extend-
ing nearly to base, gradually increasing in size apically.
Protarsomere and mesotarsomere I length shorter than
tarsomeres II and III combined. Metatarsomere I length
equal or slightly shorter to tarsomeres II and III combined.

Male genitalia. Pygofer slightly angled mid-posterior-
ly (Fig. 70); subgenital plates with gradually tapered apex
(Fig. 50); connective linear (Fig. 52); apodemes narrow,
extending to the apex of second abdomen segments, apo-

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10 Saad A. El-Sonbati et al.: A new species of the genus Opsius Fieber, 1866

UNITED *
KINGDOM y ako

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Shanghai
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DR.CONGO rt re
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TANZANIA ‘e _ INDONESIA

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0 7501,500 3,000 4,500 6,000

Opsius heydeni (Lethierry) Opsius tigripes (Lethierry)
A Opsius pallasi (Lethierry) © Opsius versicolor (Distant)
@ Opsius richteri Diabola % Opsius wilsoni sp. n.
4 Opsius scutellaris (Lethierry)

Kilometers

anon

Root He Ba cues

> Opsius heydeni (Lethierry)

Opsius tigripes (Lethierry) 4
A Opsius pallasi (Lethierry) © Opsius versicolor (Distant) “4qy*
HM Opsius richteri Diabola x Opsius wilsoni sp. n. :
77 + Opsius scutellaris (Lethierry) 716

Figures 75-79. 75, 76. Distribution of Opsius spp. 75. World distribution (point indicates presence in the country). 76. Local distri-
bution; 77-79. Habitats of Opsius spp. 77. Locality: Muzahimiyah, Al Khararah: 24°24.35'N, 46°14.67'E; 78. Locality: Abha, Sad
Abha: 18°19.32'N, 42°31.00'E; 79. Type locality: Jazan, Wadi Jazan: 17°01.275'N, 42°59.187'E.

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Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 67 (1) 2020, 1-12

deme width three times as distance between each apodeme,
posterior margin a cute rounded externally and gradually
tapered internally (Fig. 71); aedeagus with only dorsal pro-
cess, both curved or bent inward at mid-length, aedeagal
shafts with diverging branches, ratio of distance between
two shafts at mid-length to tip length 1/3, bent inward at
mid-length, as long as basal process, two times as wide
as basal process, basal process extending narrow to shafts
branches, pointed; phallobase not inflated (Figs 35, 36).

Female genitalia. Female 7" sternite 1.5 times as
broad at base as long medially, posterior margin with me-
dian lobe-like projection with V-shaped notch in middle,
posterolateral angles conically rounded, narrowed (Fig.
72); first valvula convex; second valvula gradually ta-
pered apically with rather small and serrate tooth on dor-
sal surface (Figs 73, 74).

Measurement. 3 3.1 mm; 9, 3.4 mm; pygofer, 0.47
mm; valve, 0.25 mm; subgenital plate, 0.50 mm; style,
0.21 mm; connective, 0.26 mm; apodemes, 0.28 mm; ae-
deagus to process, 0.20 mm; aedeagus to shaft, 0.19 mm;
distance at top of aedeagal shafts, 0.09 mm; distance at
mid-length of aedeagal shafts, 0.03 mm; female 7" ster-
nite, 0.81 mm.

Type specimens. Holotype 3, KSA: Jazan, Wadi
Jazan: 17°05.58'N, 043°02.17'E, 158 m, vacuum,
16.11.2014, El-Sonbati, S. (KSMA). Paratypes: 7986,
same locality as Holotype; 19, KSA: Jazan, Fifa, Al Ab-
sia: 17°28.85'N, 043°14.30'E, VC, 20.III.2014, El-Son-
bati, S. A.; 1d, KSA: Najran, Hubuna, Wadi Hubuna:
17°55.40'N, 044°24.47'E, 1244, beating, 14.1.2013, Ansi,
A.; Rasool, I.; Khan, S. (KSMA); 693, Asir, Abha,
Al-Hubail, Wadi Reem, 9.II.2016, vacuum, 18°06.98'N,
042°13.94'E, 451 m, A. Ansi (NMWC).

Distribution. Saudi Arabia (Jazan, Wadi Jazan; Jazan,
Fifa, Al Absia, Najran, Hubuna, Wadi Hubuna) (present
study) (Figs 75, 76).

Ecology and biology. Opsius wilsoni appeared to
reach peak abundance in March. Most specimens were
collected from Zamarix spp. (Figs 77—79) by using a vac-
uum device.

Diagnosis. Females and males of O. wilsoni can be
recognized by a slightly incised gena with small projec-
tion. Additionally, males can be distinguished by aedea-
gal shafts with diverging branches at apex, ratio of dis-
tance between two shafts at mid-length to tip length 1/3,
bent inward at mid-length.

Etymology. This species is named in honour of Dr Mi-
chael R. Wilson, Department of Natural Sciences, Nation-
al Museum of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.

Conclusions

Seven species of Opsius present in KSA were revised in-
cluding including the description of a new species, and
three new species records for KSA. A key of species based
on males is presented that includes new characters for
separation of KSA species. Our study also provides maps

11

of the known geographical distribution of the genus and
provides examples of typical habitats of the genus. Fur-
ther study is needed to evaluate the variation in the species
of the genus across their entire geographical range.

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to John Deeming (NMWC)
for valuable suggestions, to Boris Kondratieff (Colora-
do State University) and James Zahniser (APHIS) for
reading and improving the manuscript, to Dominique
Zimmermann for her helpful editorial comments, and to
Ali Al-Jahdhami (ONHM) for his assistance and loan of
specimens. The authors would like to express their sin-
cere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research
at King Saud University for funding their research group
(no. RGP-1437—009).

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