Zoosyst. Evol. 96 (1) 2020, 73-90 | DOI 10.3897/zse.96.46509

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Descriptions of three new species of jumping-spiders, genus Arnoliseus
(Araneae, Salticidae), from Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, with comments
on their genital morphology and a key to species

Renner Luiz Cerqueira Baptista, Pedro de Souza Castanheira', Gabriel Assuncdo Oliveira’,

André Wanderley do Prado!

1 Laboratorio de Diversidade de Aracnideos, Universidade do Brasil/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373,

21941-902, Ilha do Funddao, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

http://zoobank.org/112F 19F9-A 191-49D8-9663-9A30B25746F 0

Corresponding author: Pedro de Souza Castanheira (pedrocastanheira.bio@gmail.com)

Academic editor: Danilo Harms # Received 12 September 2019 # Accepted 28 January 2020 Published 24 February 2020

Abstract

New data on the jumping-spider genus Arnoliseus are presented. Three new species from the Atlantic Forest in Rio de Janeiro state
are described, based on both sexes: Arnoliseus carioca sp. nov. from the city of Rio de Janeiro, and Arnoliseus hastatus sp. nov. and
Arnoliseus falcatus sp. nov. from the municipality of Cachoeiras de Macacu. The genus’ genital morphology is discussed in detail
and new English terminology for their structures is created. An identification key for all Arnoliseus species 1s given.

Key Words

Amycinae, Atlantic Forest, Neotropical Region, Taxonomy

Introduction

The jumping-spider genus Arnoliseus Braul, 2002 was
proposed in a work by Braul and Lise (2002) and includ-
ed two species from southern and southeastern Brazil: A.
calcarifer (Simon, 1902) from Teresdpolis, Rio de Janei-
ro state, and also recorded from Parana, Santa Catarina,
and Rio Grande do Sul states, and originally placed in the
genus Vinnius Simon, 1902; and a new species, A. gracio-
sa Braul & Lise, 2002, from Sao Paulo and Parana states.

Braul and Lise (2002) originally distinguished the
genus from other salticid genera by the following set of
characters: wide embolus overlying the tegulum, with an
apical apophysis (or keel), basal article of the chelicerae
of males with a large ectal apophysis (or mastidia), two
retrolateral tibial apophyses on male palps, small tubercle
on the ectal margin of the chelicerae of females, and two
copulatory openings.

Braul and Lise (2002) revised Vinnius and established
the new genera Arnoliseus and Frespera Braul & Lise,

2002 for species formerly included in Vinnius. They
pointed out that the three genera were related to each
other and similar to some genera included in the group
Amyciae, which was proposed by Simon (1903), except
that they are unidentate, instead of pluridentate. Maddi-
son (2015) placed Arnoliseus in the tribe Amycini of the
clade Amycoida, based on his comprehensive molecular
phylogeny of Salticidae. Later the same year, Ruiz and
Maddison (2015) placed Arnoliseus in the subfamily
Amycinae, also in the Amycoida. In Ruiz and Maddison’s
paper, a detailed molecular phylogeny of the Amycoida
was presented, and several putative morphological syn-
apomorphies for some of the included clades were pro-
posed. Amycinae was characterized morphologically by
some shared characters (high carapace, high clypeus in
males, mastidia, pluridentate retrolateral cheliceral fur-
row, leg III longer than IV), some of which may be ab-
sent, in part, in some included genera. Ruiz and Maddison
(2015) also indicated that the only possible morphologi-
cal synapomorphy shared by Amycinae genera 1s that leg

Copyright Renner Luiz Cerqueira Baptista et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY
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74 Renner Luiz Cerqueira Baptista et al.: Three new species of Arnoliseus from Brazil

IT] is longer than leg IV. Arnoliseus was considered to be
related to the two other unidentate genera of Amycinae,
Vinnius and Frespera, “based on the remaining common
features” (Ruiz and Maddison (2015: 277), although only
Frespera had been included in the molecular phylogeny.
In that phylogeny, Frespera was placed in a smaller clade
together with Acragas Simon, 1900, Amycus C.L. Koch,
1846, and Letoia Simon, 1900.

In this paper, we describe from Rio de Janeiro state
three new species of Arnoliseus based on both sexes.
One species was collected during the taxonomic survey
by Castanheira et al. (2016) in Parque Estadual da Pe-
dra Branca (PEPB), an urban forest in the western region
of the city of Rio de Janeiro. The other two new species
were collected in the NGO Reserva Ecolégica de Gua-
piagu (REGUA), in Cachoeiras de Macacu, a municipal-
ity from central Rio de Janeiro state, in the hydrographic
basin of the Guapi—Macacu rivers.

Material and methods

Morphological terminology is generally an English trans-
lation of Braul and Lise (2002) and follows Ruiz and Mad-
dison (2015). Colour patterns were described from spec-
imens preserved in 75% ethanol. Type material for new
species is deposited at the collections of Laboratorio de
Aracnologia, Museu Nacional (MNRJ; curator: A. Kury)
and Laboratorio de Diversidade de Aracnideos, Instituto
de Biologia (UFRJ; R. Baptista), both at Universidade do
Brasil/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ).

Specimens and structures were cleaned with Cristofoli
Ultrasonic Cleaner and positioned in Veja sanitizer alco-
hol gel 70% for multifocal images and measurements.
Live specimens photographs were taken with a Sony Al-
pha A6000 with Sony E 30 mm f/3.5 macro lens, while
multifocal images were taken with a Leica DFC450 cam-
era mounted on a Leica M205C stereoscope microscope
(Leica Camera AG, Wetzlar, Germany) at Laboratorio de
Entomologia, Universidade do Brasil/Universidade Fed-
eral do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). All photos were edited in
the software Adobe Photoshop CS 5.1 and plates were
edited with Adobe Illustrator CS 5.1 (Adobe Inc., San
Jose, California, USA). Measurements are given in milli-
metres. Carapace length was measured from the anterior
margin of the anterior median eye socket (not including
the eye lens), to the posterior border of carapace. Total
length was measured from the anterior margin of the cl-
ypeus to the posterior border of abdomen, including the
spinnerets. Males were matched with their respective fe-
males by the general resemblance in their colour pattern
and distance of their collection sites.

For scanning electron microscope (SEM), prepara-
tions were submitted to critical point drying and mounted
on adhesive copper tape (Electron Microscopy Scienc-
es, EMS 77802), affixed to a stub for examination un-
der high vacuum with a JEOL JSM-6510 microscope at
Laboratorio de Imagens (Labim), Instituto de Biologia,

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UFRJ. The structures in all samples were sputter-coated
using a Leica, EM SCD050 Au-Pd coater. To clear female
genitalia, a pancreatic enzyme solution was prepared us-
ing a borax solution following Alvarez-Padilla and Hor-
miga (2008) and digestive enzyme tablets of “Orthoplex
D.E.F” (Bioconcepts Pty Ltd, Banyo, Queensland, Aus-
tralia) consisting of Pancreatin (200 mg), Bromelain (100
mg), and Trypsin (30 mg).

For map construction, we used QGIS 2.14. Geographic
coordinates were extracted from original labels. When no
coordinate information was available, the closest nearby
area coordinates were extracted from Google Earth (ver-
sion 9.1.39.1 ) or Global Gazetteer (version 2.3, http://
www.fallingrain.com/world/index. html).

Abbreviations used in the text and images

Eyes: ALE = anterior lateral eyes; AME = anterior me-
dian eyes; PLE = posterior lateral eyes; PME = posterior
median eyes.

Legs: Fe = femur; Pa = patella; Ti = tibia; Mt = metatar-
sus; Ta = tarsus.

Genitalia: CD = copulatory ducts; CO = copulatory
openings; E = embolus; FD = fertilization ducts; GH =
glandular head (new terminology); N = epigynal notch;
RK = retrolateral keel of embolus (new terminology);
RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; RTAd = dorsal branch
of RTA (new terminology); RTAv = ventral branch of
RTA (new terminology); Sp = spermathecae.

Results

Comments on morphology and terminology of
Structures

Braul and Lise (2002) considered the two projections at
the retrolateral side of each palp tibia in males of Arnoli-
seus and Vinnius as two separate retrolateral tibial apoph-
ysis (RTA anterior and posterior). They also considered
the two apophysis in Frespera as separate structures, and
called them the retrolateral tibial apophysis, placed near
the apex of the article, and the retroventral tibial apophy-
sis, placed at the middle or near the basis. In a similar way,
Ruiz and Maddison (2015) also pointed out the presence
of two different apophyses in other Amycoida (Urupuyu
Ruiz & Maddison, 2015 and huriines) and also referred
to them as the retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA) and the
retroventral tibial apophysis (RvTA). However, Ruiz and
Maddison (2015) had not studied the possible homology
of the RTA and RvTA in Urupuyu, Frespera, and Vinnius.

The RvTA may actually be a different structure than
the RTA. Both RTA and RvTA are present and have a sim-
ilar position on palp tibia in all genera cited above, except
in Arnoliseus. The larger and more median and apical

Zoosyst. Evol. 96 (1) 2020, 73-90

tibial apophysis (RTA) in Vinnius and Frespera species
is clearly separated from the other smaller and more lat-
eral and ventral apophysis (RvTA, e.g. Braul and Lise
2002: figs 3, 4, 10, 11, 17, 18, 24, 25), which indicates
that these structures are really separate. Besides, RTA and
RvTA are also found in several other Amycinae genera,
such as Mago O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 (see Ruiz et
al. 2019: figs 7, 9, 29) and in some huriines (Ruiz and
Maddison 2015). A possible homology of these structures
throughout those genera can be assessed only through a
comprehensive phylogeny including all them.

On the other hand, we consider the anterior and pos-
terior RTA in Arnoliseus as just two separate branches of
the usual RTA found in other Salticidae. The larger median
RTA in Frespera and, especially, Vinnius seems rather sim-
ilar to the bifurcated RTA in Arnoliseus males, whose com-
mon basis is wide, large, and clearly separated from the
tibia proper, with both apical corners projected in acumi-
nated tips (Figs 1F, G, 3C, E, 4F, G, 7C, E, 8F, G). A com-
parison with the large median RTA of Vv buzius Braul &
Lise, 2002, which 1s apically truncated and with a project-
ed dorsal apical corner (Braul and Lise 2002: figs 17, 18),
highlights its similarities with the RTA in Arnoliseus. In
this way, we consider that the RTA in Arnoliseus is a single
structure with a bifid apex, with both branches being apart
by a large gap. Thus, the apical projections of the RTA are
called the dorsal and ventral branches (Figs 1G, 3C, E, 4G,
7C, E, 8G). An additional projection connected to the RTA
is found in the three species of Arnoliseus described in this
paper. It is an inner hook also connected to the common
basis of the two branches of the RTA. This RTA hook is
a very sclerotized, curved projection; it 1s variable in size
and ends in an acute tip. It is difficult to find, as it is hidden
by the other parts of RTA, though it 1s clearly seen in some
species (Figs 1G, 4G, 7C, E, 8G). This hook was not de-
scribed or illustrated by Braul and Lise (2002).

Following Braul and Lise (2002: figs 30-37), the em-
bolic complex in Arnoliseus is considered to consist of
two parts: the embolus itself and an embolic apical apo-
physis. In Urupuyu, Ruiz and Maddison (2015: 256) used
the term “projection on embolus” to identify a structure
somewhat similar to the embolic apical apophysis of
Braul and Lise (2002). There is doubt whether the embol-
ic structures of Arnoliseus and Urupuyu are homologous,
as they differ in position and shape, and Ruiz and Mad-
dison (2015) thought these genera to be related to other
genera. The original designation of the embolic apophysis
by Braul and Lise (2002) suggests a structure clearly de-
limited from the embolus. However, the embolic complex
is composed of two connected parts without a clear sepa-
ration between them (Figs 3D, 7D). The embolus itself is
placed at the prolateral side of the complex, including the
copulatory duct and its opening; which sets it apart from
a large, flattened, retrolateral keel or flap (Figs 1F, 3B,
D, 4F, 7B, D, 8F; Braul and Lise 2002: figs 30, 37) orig-
inating near the base of the sclerotized embolic complex.
So, we call this structure the retrolateral keel (RK) of the
embolus, to imply it 1s not a separate structure, but just a

75

flattened expansion of the flat embolus, which originates
near the base of the embolic complex.

The female genitalia in Arnoliseus have a series of
characteristics that were not highlighted by Braul and
Lise (2002). The epigynal plate is wider than long, usu-
ally with a posterior median notch (N) and two rounded
lateral lobes overlying the epigastric furrow (Figs 2E, 6E,
10E; Braul and Lise 2002: figs 34, 41). The plate also
bears two semicircular and slit-like copulatory openings
(CO) placed far posteriorly in the epyginal plate, near the
epigastric furrow. The CO are nearly parallel or slightly
transverse to the epigastric furrow, with their extremities
directed anteriorly. Internally, the entire structure 1s trans-
versally placed, covering an area much wider than long,
divided by a pair of copulatory ducts and spermathecae.
The long and laterally placed copulatory duct (CD) 1s
composed of two parts: a mesal branch, where the CO
ventrally opens and whose anterior end fuses with the
spermathecae, and an ectal branch, which is more or less
elongated and sinuous in some species (Figs 2F, 3F, 6F,
7F, 10F, 11A—C), with an anterior distal area with possi-
ble glandular pores (maybe an accessory spermatheca or
a glandular head? = GH). It is not easy to determine the
roughly transition between the mesal and ectal branches,
which are demarcated by the end of CO. The rounded or
two-lobed central spermathecae (Sp) bear slender, ragged
fertilization ducts (FD) in their anterior ends (Figs 2F, 3F,
6F, 7F, 1OF, 11A—C; Braul and Lise 2002: figs 33, 42).

Taxonomy

Arnoliseus Braul, 2002
Arnoliseus Braul in Braul and Lise 2002: 100.

Type species. Vinnius calcarifer Simon, 1902, by origi-
nal designation.

Diagnosis. Arnoliseus can be recognized by the following
set of characters: bulb with a thick embolus, overlying the
tegulum, bearing a wide retrolateral keel, basal article of
male chelicerae with a large curved or straight ectal apoph-
ysis (or mastidia), male palp with a bifid RTA (dorsal and
ventral branches), separated by a notch of variable depth,
and an inner hook, epigyne with two semicircular slit-like
copulatory openings placed posteriorly in the poorly de-
fined epiginal plate, close to epigastric furrow; female in-
ternal genitalia in a transversal position, with all structures
at a similar level, much wider than long (Figs 1F, G, 2E,
F, 3A-F, 4F, G, 5B, 6E, F, 7A-F, 8F, G, 9A—D, 10E, F).

Arnoliseus carioca sp. nov.
http://zoobank.org/2A ADBEF9-3A57-4443-9047-C64488F50583
Figs 1-3, 11, 12

Type material. Holotype ¢. BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro:
Rio de Janeiro, Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca, Pau-da-

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76 Renner Luiz Cerqueira Baptista et al.: Three new species of Arnoliseus from Brazil

Fome, Trilha da Padaria, 22°56'12.8"S, 043°26'29.1"W,
133 m, 16.11.2014, looking down, R. Baptista coll.
(MNRJ 60024). Paratypes: same locality as holotype, 6 3
4 junviles, 13.vi.2013, sweeping, R. Baptista coll. (UFRJ
1575), 1 4 2 juveniles, 22.ix.2013, sweeping, P. Castan-
heira coll. (UFRJ 1576); 1 9 1 juvenile, 22.1x.2013,
looking down, P. Castanheira coll. (UFRJ 1578); 1 9,
17.xi1.2013, looking up, R. Baptista coll. (MNRJ 60025);
1 3 1 Q 2 juveniles, 17.xii.2013, sweeping, R. Baptis-
ta coll. (UFRJ 1579); 2 3 1 9, 17.xii.2013, beating, R.
Baptista coll. (MNRJ 60026); 19, 16.111.2014, looking
up, R. Baptista coll. (UFRJ 1580); 1 9, Parque Estad-
ual da Pedra Branca, Pau-da-Fome, Trilha da Figueira,
22°54'39.3"S, 043°30'24.8"W, 162 m, 13.vi.2013, look-
ing down, R. Baptista coll. (UFRJ 1581); 1 2, same lo-
cality as preceding, 09.x11.2013, looking down, R. Bap-
tista coll. (UFRJ 1582); 1 2, same locality as preceding,
12.vi.2013, looking down, R. Baptista coll. (UFRJ 1583).

Additional material examined. BRAZIL: 1 & 1 juvneile,
Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, Parque Estadual da Pedra
Branca, Pau-da-Fome, Trilha da Figueira, 22°54'39.3"S,
043°30'24.8"W, 162 m, 12.vi.2013, sweeping, R. Bap-
tista coll. (UFRJ 1589); 1 <, same locality as previous,
10.xi1.2013, sweeping, R. Baptista coll. (UFRJ 1590); 1
9, same locality as preceding, 15.111.2014, looking down,
P. Castanheira coll. (UFRJ 1592); 1 3, Parque Estadu-
al da Pedra Branca, Pau-da-Fome, Trilha da Padaria,
22° S6N2:8"S,.. 043226'2991 Ws, 133° “mi, “2201K2073.
sweeping, P. Castanheira coll. (UFRJ 1577); 3 ¢ 1 ju-
venile, Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca, Camorim,
Sede, 22°58'12.0"S, 043°26'16.4"W, 160 m, 02.vi.2013,
sweeping, R. Baptista coll. (UFRJ 1593); Parque Estad-
ual da Pedra Branca, Camorim, Acude, 22°58'08.3"S,
043°26'38.5"W, 342 m, 01.v1.2013, looking up, R. Bap-
tista coll. (UFRJ 1594): 1 9, same locality as preceding,
02.vi.2013, beating, P. Castanheira coll. (UFRJ 1595);
1 9, same locality as preceding, 01-09.vi.2013, pitfall
traps, P. Castanheira & R. Baptista coll. (UFRJ 1596); 1
9, same locality as preceding, 15.1x.2013, looking down,
R. Baptista coll. (UFRJ 1597); 14 2j, same locality as
preceding, 08.1.2014, sweeping, R. Baptista coll. (UFRJ
1598); 1 4, same locality and as preceding, 31 .iii.2014,
sweeping, P. Castanheira coll. (UFRJ 1600); 1 3, same
locality as preceding, 15—24.111.2014, pitfall traps, P.
Castanheira & R. Batista coll. (UFRJ 1601).

Etymology. The species epithet “carioca” is a Tupi noun
used in apposition to designate inhabitants of or anything
related to Rio de Janeiro city.

Diagnosis. In A. carioca sp. nov., palps resemble those
of A. falcatus sp. nov. as both bear wide embolic com-
plexes with truncated semiquadrate embolic retrolateral
keels (Figs 1F, 3B, D, 8F). However, they differ as in A.
carioca sp. nov. RTAd and RTAv are in about the same
level, forming a “U” (Figs 1G, 3E) and the embolic keel
is smaller, with its tip retrolaterally projected, being more

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proximal than the embolus (Figs 1F, 3D). Females have
epigyne similar to A. calcarifer, with two large and pro-
nounced semicircular, slit-like openings (Fig. 2E; Braul
and Lise 2002: fig. 34) and U-shaped copulatory ducts,
with glandular heads that do not touch the mesal branch
of CD (Figs 2F, 3F, 11A; Braul and Lise 2002: fig. 33).
They differ as the spermathecae are much larger and the
copulatory ducts uniformly taper to the glandular head in
A. carioca sp. nov., with no enlarged terminal expansions
as observed in A. calcarifer (Figs 2F, 3F, 11A; Braul and
Lise 2002: fig. 33).

Description. Male (holotype MNRJ 60024): carapace
reddish brown and very elevated from fovea to the an-
terior rim (Fig. 1A, B). Fovea dusky with smooth strikes
after the eyes (Fig. 1A). Labium long and brown (Fig.
1B). Endites short and dark brown, anteriorly lighter (Fig.
1B). Sternum orange-brown with darker contour (Fig.
1B). PLE evenly separate by almost the carapace length;
PME reduced; AME centrally placed, almost touching
and occupying most of the clypeus height; ALE located
on edge of carapace (Fig. 1A, C, D). Legs orange-brown
with dusky patches on femur, tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus
of leg I (Fig. 1A—D). Chelicerae paturon reddish brown,
bearing thick, bulky, curved, C-shaped apophyses (Fig.
3A). Abdomen oval and tapering to slightly more elon-
gated posterior part towards the dark spinnerets (Figs
1A-C). Dorsum pale beige, with one black transversal
line after folium, two black patches followed by one
small arched black patch on middle third and U-shaped
black patch on posterior edge (Fig. 1A). Lateral portion
of abdomen yellow with no patches or lines (Fig. 1C).
Venter orange on area of book-lungs and light yellow to-
wards posterior edge, longitudinally divided midway by
two orange lines (Fig. 1B). Palps with short tubular tibiae
with RTAd and RTAv of almost the same size and apart
by a small U-shaped notch; RTAv with carved tip on ectal
side (Figs 1G, 3C, E). RTA hook small, almost complete-
ly hidden by remaining parts of RTA (Fig. 1G). Cymbium
elongated and oval, completely covered by setae (Figs
1E-G, 3B, C). Tegulum ovoid and laterally grooved; em-
bolic complex wide midway, ending in a sclerotized large
tip, composed of a more elevated prolateral embolus,
bearing the pore opening, and wide, subquadrate and
slightly truncated retrolateral keel, with small, triangular
and pointed laterally projected apex, located in a lower
position to the embolus itself (Figs 1F, 3B, D).

Total length 6.39. Carapace 3.08 long, 0.92 wide, 2.05
high. Left chelicera 1.27 long, 0.67 wide. Clypeus 0.63
high. Endites 0.74 long, 0.47 wide. Labium 0.42 long,
0.38 wide. Sternum 1.30 long, 0.92 wide. Abdomen 3.17
long, 1.57 wide, 1.08 high.

Diameter of eyes and interdistances: AME 0.72; ALE
0.40; PME 0.11; PLE 0.37. ALE-PME 0.36; PME-PLE
0.37. Ocular area (dorsal view): 1.43 long, 1.48 anterior
width, 1.45 posterior width.

Leg articles length: Leg I: Fe 2.38; Pa 1.41; Ti 1.82;
Mt 1.22; Ta 0.73; Total 7.56. Leg II: Fe 1.70; Pa 0.98;

Zoosyst. Evol. 96 (1) 2020, 73-90 Pd.

Figure 1. Arnoliseus carioca sp. nov., male holotype (MNRJ 60024). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Ventral habitus; C. Lateral habitus;
D. Frontal habitus; E—G. Left palp: E. Prolateral view; F. Ventral view; G. Retrolateral view, exposing the RTA. Scale bars: 2 mm
(A-C); 1 mm (D); 0.2 mm (E-—G). Arrow points to RTA hook.

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78 Renner Luiz Cerqueira Baptista et al.: Three new species of Arnoliseus from Brazil

Figure 2. Arnoliseus carioca sp. nov., female paratypes. A. Dorsal habitus (UFRJ 1583); B. Ventral habitus (UFRJ 1583); C. Lateral
habitus (UFRJ 1583); D. Frontal habitus (UFRJ 1583); E. Epigyne, ventral view (UFRJ 1583); F. Internal genitalia, dorsal view
(UFRJ 1581). Scale bars: 2 mm (A—C); 1 mm (D); 0.1 mm (E); 0.2 mm (F).

Ti 1.17; Mt 1.09; Ta 0.61; Total 5.55. Leg III: Fe 2.42;
Pa 1.00; Ti 1.40; Mt 0.93; Ta 0.54; Total 6.29. Leg IV: Fe
212; Pa 0-75: Tr 1.36; ME 1.15) Ta 0:61 Total 5:99,

Leg formula I-IJ-IV-I.

Female (paratype UFRJ 1583): carapace orange
brown, with lighter contour after fovea and light brown

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on ocular area (Fig. 2A). Fovea orange (Fig. 2A). Labium
elongated and orange-brown (Fig. 2B). Endites short and
orange brown, anteriorly lighter (Fig. 2B). Sternum yel-
lowish brown with orange contour (Fig. 2B). Eyes as in
male, outlined by yellow setae (Fig. 2A—D). Legs yellow-
ish brown (Fig. 2A—D). Abdomen beige, with same shape

Zoosyst. Evol. 96 (1) 2020, 73-90

die,

Figure 3. Arnoliseus carioca sp. nov. A. Male holotype chelicerae, ectal view exposing the apophyses (MNRJ 60024). B-F. SEM

images: B. Left male palp, ventral view (UFRJ 1577); C. Left male palp, retrolateral view (UFRJ 1577); D. left male palp, embolus
detail (UFRJ 1577); E. Left male palp, RTA detail (UFRJ 1577); F. Female internal genitalia, dorsal view (UFRJ 1581). Scale bars:
0.5 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B); 0.2 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D—F). White arrow points to the embolus pore.

and dorsal patches pattern as male (Fig. 2A—C). Epigyne
with epigynal plate orange, poorly defined, sclerotized at
the posterior half, with two semicircular slit-like copula-
tory openings just anteriorly to posterior rim, which has a
shallow posterior median notch (Fig. 2E). Internal genita-
lia composed of two slender fertilization ducts anteriorly
connected to the ventral portion of the massive rounded
spermathecae and two thick U-shaped copulatory ducts

formed of thicker mesal branches and regularly curved
ectal branches ending in rounded glandular heads, placed
far from the spermathecae (Figs 2F, 3F, 11A).

Total length 6.09. Carapace 2.63 long, 1.87 wide, 1.30
high. Left chelicera 0.78 long, 0.52 wide. Clypeus 0.32
high. Endites 0.70 long, 0.54 wide. Labium 0.49 long,
0.43 wide. Sternum 1.10 long, 0.85 wide. Abdomen 3.32
long, 1.09 wide, 1.16 high.

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80 Renner Luiz Cerqueira Baptista et al.: Three new species of Arnoliseus from Brazil

Diameter of eyes and interdistances: AME 0.74; ALE
0.42; PME 0.11; PLE 0.36. ALE-PME 0.35; PME—PLE
0.25. Ocular area (dorsal view): 1.29 long, 1.41 anterior
width, 1.43 posterior width.

Leg articles length: Leg I: Fe 1.63; Pa 0.71; Ti 1.11;
Mt 0.85; Ta 0.52; Total 4.82. Leg II: Fe 1.15; Pa 0.81; Ti
0.78; Mt 0.41; Ta 0.38; Total 3.53. Leg III: Fe 1.01; Pa
0.81; Ti 1.12; Mt 0.63; Ta 0.47; Total 4.04. Leg IV: Fe
0.89; Pa 0.64; T1 0.97; Mt 1.02; Ta 0.50; Total 4.02.

Leg formula I-I-IV-I.

Variation. Males (” = 6): total length, 5.58—7.80; females
(n= 9): total length, 5.87—7.21.

Distribution. Only known from type locality (Fig. 12).

Preservation status. Well preserved in 75% ethanol.
Male holotype with left chelicera dissected. Female para-
type UFRJ 1581 with genitalia dissected.

Arnoliseus hastatus sp. nov.
http://zoobank.org/8A B0S3F2-942 1-4762-8EDD-79C52BB8C959
Figs 4-7, 11, 12

Type material. Holotype ¢. BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro:
Cachoeiras de Macacu, Reserva Ecologica de Guapiacu,
Trilha do Fragmento, 22°28'6.20"S, 042°45'38.70"W,
41m, 17.v.2017, beating, R. Baptista coll. MNRJ 60027).
Paratypes: BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Cachoeiras de Ma-
cacu, Reserva Ecologica de Guapiacu, Trilha Verde,
22°24'28.30"S, 042°44'16.10"W, 296 m, 18.v.2017,
sweeping, H. Schinelli coll., 1 3, 1 juvenile (UFRJ 1584);
same locality and date as preceding, R. Baptista coll., 1
3S (UFRJ 1585); Reserva Ecologica de Guapiacu, So
José, 22°26'15.60"S, 042°46'26.20"W, 71 m, 01.1x.2017,
looking down, R. Baptista coll., 1 2 (UFRJ 1586); 1 @
(MNRJ 60028); same locality as preceding, 16.x11.2017,
sweeping, R. Baptista coll., 1 4, 2 immatures (UFRJ
1587); same locality as preceding, 31.vili.2019, looking
down, G. Oliveira coll. (UFRJ 1599).

Additional material examined. None.

Etymology. The specific epithet “hastatus” is a Latin ad-
jective, from the Latin root “hasta”, meaning spear and re-
ferring to the projection on basal article of male chelicerae.

Diagnosis. Males of A. hastatus sp. nov. are easily diag-
nosed from all other species within the genus by straight
and extremely elongate, spear-like apophyses on the ectal
side of the chelicerae; these apophyses project well be-
yond the clypeus and are clearly visible in dorsal view
(Figs 4A, 5A, 7A). Females of A. hastatus sp. nov. bear
a epigynum with a deep notch at the posterior rim and
a curved U-shaped CO. Internal genitalia of A. hastatus
Sp. nov. 1s set apart from all species within the genus by
the extremely thick copulatory ducts with the ectal branch

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bent over and curved outwards, touching the mesal
branches forming wide ventral glandular heads, placed
near the spermathecae (Figs 6F, 7F, 11B).

Description. Male (holotype MNRJ 60027): carapace
reddish brown, lighter from behind the fovea towards
anterior elevated part (Figs 4A, 5A, B). Labium reddish
brown and very elongated (Fig. 4B). Endites short, basally
reddish brown, orange-brown midway, and distally beige
(Fig. 4B). Sternum orange-brown with a smooth darker
contour (Fig. 4B). AME centrally placed, almost touching
and occupying most of clypeus height; ALE reduced and
almost adjoined to AME and PME, located on the edge of
carapace, with contour of yellow setae, and PLE evenly
separate by almost carapace length (Figs 4A, C, D, 5A,
B). Leg I with reddish brown femur and orange-brown
patella, tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus, with dusky patch-
es from tibia to tarsus; Legs II-IV yellow, with Leg IT
bearing dusky patches from patella to tarsus (Fig. 4A—D).
Chelicerae with orange-brown paturon, bearing extreme-
ly elongated spear-like apophyses on their ectal side (Fig.
4A, B, 5A, B, 7A). Abdomen oval and tapering to the
elongated, yellow median and brown lateral spinnerets
(Figs 4A-C, 5A). Dorsum yellow, with black transver-
sal line after folium, followed by a brown region towards
two medially placed black patches and a small dusky
black patch on middle third and rounded black patch on
posterior edge (Figs 4A, 5A). Lateral portion of abdomen
yellow with no patches or lines (Fig. 4C). Venter yellow
on area of book-lungs, greyish towards posterior edge,
with two longitudinal, yellow lines midway and lighter
contour near spinnerets (Fig. 4B). Palps with short tubu-
lar tibias bearing RTAv more developed than RTAd and
set apart by a wide, U-shaped notch; RTAv clearly divid-
ed midway, forming two pointed projections and RTAd
finger-like with a rounded tip (Figs 4G, 7C, E). RTA
hook large, visible behind the deep notch separating both
branches of RTA (Figs 4G, 7C, E). Cymbium elongated
and oval, completely covered by long setae (Figs 4E-G,
7B, C). Embolic complex long, regularly arched, relative-
ly narrow with a poorly sclerotized fringe: embolus itself
thick, more elevated, followed by the boomerang-shaped
embolic retrolateral keel that bears a straight and undivid-
ed tip (Figs 4F, 7B, D).

Total length 5.34. Carapace 2.56 long, 1.85 wide, 1.35
high. Left chelicera 1.03 long, 0.54 wide. Clypeus 0.23
high. Endites 0.70 long, 0.45 wide. Labium 0.46 long,
0.36 wide. Sternum 1.17 long, 0.86 wide. Abdomen 2.6
long, 1.32 wide, 1.45 high.

Diameter of eyes and interdistances: AME 0.71; ALE
0.34; PME 0.10; PLE 0.33. ALE-PME 0.40; PME—PLE
0.37. Ocular area (dorsal view): 1.28 long, 1.50 anterior
width, 1.22 posterior width.

Leg articles length: Leg I: Fe 1.59; Pa 1.07; Ti 1.63;
Mt 1.02; Ta 0.61; Total 5.92. Leg II: Fe 1.33; Pa 0.56; Ti
0.98; Mt 0.82; Ta 0.58; Total 4.27. Leg III: Fe 1.91; Pa
0.53; Ti 0.98; Mt 0.97; Ta 0.58: Total 4.97. Leg IV: Fe
1.62; Pa 0.78; Ti 0.80; Mt 1.01; Ta 0.65; Total 4.86.

Zoosyst. Evol. 96 (1) 2020, 73-90 81

~ =

Figure 4. Arnoliseus hastatus sp. nov., male holotype (MNRJ 60027). A. Dorsal habitus. B. Ventral habitus; C. Lateral habitus;
D. Frontal habitus; E—G. Left palp: E. Prolateral view; F. Ventral view; G. Retrolateral view, exposing the RTA. Scale bars: 2 mm
(A-C); 1 mm (D); 0.2 mm (E-G). Arrow points to RTA hook.

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82 Renner Luiz Cerqueira Baptista et al.: Three new species of Arnoliseus from Brazil

Figure 5. Arnoliseus hastatus sp. nov., male paratype (UFRJ 1599) in vivo. A. Dorsal habitus; B. Frontal-dorsal habitus. Photos:

André Almeida Alves

Leg formula I-I-IV-I.

Female: (paratype UFRJ 1586): carapace or-
ange-brown, darker on ocular area (Fig. 6A). Fovea or-
ange (Fig. 6A). Labium elongated and orange-brown
(Fig. 6B). Endites short and reddish brown, anteriorly
lighter (Fig. 6B). Sternum orange-brown (Fig. 6B). Eyes
as male, contoured by yellow setae (Fig. 6A—D). Leg I
orange-brown, Legs H-—IV yellowish brown (Fig. 6A—D).
Abdomen beige, with same shape as male (Fig. 6A, C).
Dorsum with darker patches, first two on the folium, fol-
lowed by a transversal patch almost in the middle portion,
and remaining ones as in male (Fig. 6A, C). Venter as
male (Fig. 6B). Epigynal plate sclerotized, orange, short,
and with a deep notch in the posterior rim, with two ba-
sal, anteriorly curved, U-shaped slit openings (Fig. 6E).
Internal genitalia composed of slender, ribbon-like fertili-
zation ducts on the anterior portion of the spermathecae,
which are extremely thick, rounded, and connected to
two rounded, uniformly thick and bulky copulatory ducts,
with a thicker ectal branch that bend over to a curved tip,
in a ventrally placed glandular head that touches the thin-
ner mesal branch of CD (Figs 6F, 7F, 11B).

Total length 6.66. Carapace 3.05 long, 1.99 wide, 1.54
high. Left chelicera 0.91 long, 0.61 wide. Clypeus 0.36
high. Endites 0.53 long, 0.41 wide. Labium 0.61 long,
0.25 wide. Sternum 1.19 long, 0.88 wide. Abdomen 3.37
long, 1.93 wide, 1.33 high.

Diameter of eyes and interdistances: AME 0.76; ALE
0.32; PME 0.11; PLE 0.31. ALE—-PME 0.28; PME—-PLE
0.28. Ocular area (dorsal view): 1.52 long, 1.67 anterior
width, 1.61 posterior width.

Leg articles length: Leg I: Fe 1.75; Pa 0.73; Ti 1.40;
Mt 0.83; Ta 0.56; Total 5.27. Leg II: Fe 1.46; Pa 0.69;
Ti 0.98; Mt 0.75; Ta 0.54; Total 4.42. Leg III: Fe 1.97;

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Pa 0.77; Ti 1.01; Mt 1.02; Ta 0.64; Total 5.41. Leg IV: Fe
1.44; Pa 0.69; Ti 1.03; Mt 1.08; Ta 0.69; Total 4.93.
Leg formula I-I-IV-I.

Variation. Males (n = 3): total length, 5.18—7.09. Fe-
males (n = 2): total length, 5.23-6.66.

Distribution. Only known from type locality (Fig. 12).

Preservation status. Well preserved in 75% ethanol.
Male holotype with left chelicera and palp dissected. Fe-
male paratype UFRJ 1586 with genitalia dissected.

Arnoliseus falcatus sp. nov.
http://zoobank.org/D990A 194-6A DD-4D4E-B73A-6E50D07B0312
Figs 8-12

Type material. Holotype 6. BRAZIL: Rio de Janei-
ro: Cachoeiras de Macacu, Reserva Ecologica de Gua-
piacu, Trilha da Lagoa, 22°26'47.90"S, 42°46'20.70"W,
58 m, 11.v.2019, sweeping, R. Baptista coll. (MNRJ
60029). Paratype: BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Cachoeiras
de Macacu, Reserva Ecologica de Guapiacu, Sao José,
22°26'15.60"S, 42°46'26.20"W, 71 m, 12.v11.2018, cryp-
tic, G. Oliveira coll., 1 2 (UFRJ 1588).

Etymology. The specific epithet “falcatus”, considered as
an adjective, derives from “fa/x”, a Latin word meaning
scythe or sickle, which refers to the scythe-like projection
at the apex of the male cheliceral apophysis.

Diagnosis. Arnoliseus falcatus sp. nov. males have palps
with retrolateral embolic keels bearing a tip directed ret-

83

Zoosyst. Evol. 96 (1) 2020, 73-90

¢
6

ee eee

E iE a a
Figure 6. Arnoliseus hastatus sp. nov., female paratype (UFRJ 1586). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Ventral habitus; C. Lateral habitus; D. Fron-
tal habitus; E. Epigyne, ventral view; F. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A—C); 1 mm (D); 0.1 mm (E); 0.2 mm (F).

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84 Renner Luiz Cerqueira Baptista et al.: Three new species of Arnoliseus from Brazil

Figure 7. Arnoliseus hastatus sp. nov. A. Male holotype left chelicera, ventral view exposing the apophysis (MNRJ 60027). B-F. SEM
images: B. Left male palp, ventral view (UFRJ 1585); C. Left male palp, retrolateral view (UFRJ 1585); D. left male palp, embolus
detail (UFRJ 1585); E. Left male palp, RTA detail (UFRJ 1585); K Female internal genitalia, dorsal view (UFRJ 1586). Scale bars:
0.5 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C, F); 0.02 mm (D); 0.05 mm (E). White arrow points to the embolus pore. Black arrow points to RTA hook.

rolaterally as in A. carioca sp. nov. (Figs 1E, F, 3B, D,
8F), but the RTAv is bifid and larger than RTAd, as in A.
hastatus sp. nov. (Figs 4F, G, 7C, E, 8F, G). However,
A. falcatus sp. nov. has the RK long and with a thicker
retrolateral projection, at the same level of the embolus
tip (Fig. 8F), and the RTAd is much lower in position
in comparison to the clearly divided RTAv (Figs 8F, G).
Cheliceral apophysis (or mastidia) are similar to 4. cario-

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ca sp. nov. and A. graciosa, as in all three species they are
curved into a C-shape (Figs 3A, 9A—D; Braul and Lise
2002: fig. 40). In A. graciosa and A. falcatus sp. nov.,
there is a clear elbow midway, with a distal curved hook.
A. falcatus sp. nov differs by its small cap over a wider
and shorter basal part and a thinner distal hook (Fig. 9A—
D). Females differ from all described species by the trans-
versally placed CO, which is situated below the tips of the

Zoosyst. Evol. 96 (1) 2020, 73-90 85

Figure 8. Arnoliseus falcatus sp. nov., male holotype (MNRJ 60027). A. Dorsal habitus. B. Ventral habitus. C. Lateral habitus;
D. Frontal habitus; E—-G. Left palp: E. Prolateral view; F. Ventral view; G. Retrolateral view, exposing the RTA. Scale bars: 2 mm
(A-C); 1 mm (D); 0.2 mm (E-G). Arrow points to RTA hook.

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86 Renner Luiz Cerqueira Baptista et al.: Three new species of Arnoliseus from Brazil

D

Figure 9. Arnoliseus falcatus sp. nov., male holotype left chelicera, exposing the apophysis (MNRJ 60027). A. Ectal view; B. Ven-
tral view; C. Mesal view; D. Distal view. White arrow points to the tip of the knob.

spermathecae, and by the medially constricted, extremely
elongated, and laterally projected, tubular ectal branch of
the copulatory duct (Figs 10F, 11C).

Description. Male (Holotype MNRJ 60029): carapace
dark brown, reddish brown on fovea (Fig. 8A). Labium
and endites dark brown (Fig. 8B) Sternum dark brown,
lighter posteriorly (Fig. 8B). AME centrally placed, al-
most touching and occupying half of clypeus height,
bearing yellow setae; ALE small, with black tapetum
and almost adjoined to AME, located on edge of cara-
pace; PME reduced and located midway between PME
and PLE, which is evenly separate by almost carapace
length (Fig. 8A, C, D). Leg I reddish brown; Leg H-
IV yellow, Leg II with darker patella and joints (Fig.
8A—D). Chelicerae with paturon reddish brown, bearing
curved C-shaped apophyses with small knobs midway
(Fig. 9A—D). Abdomen oval and tapering to the elon-
gated, dark brown spinnerets (Fig. 8A—C). Dorsum dark

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brown, with two opposite black patches after the folium,
followed by two thick parallel black lines towards the
posterior rim (Fig. 8A). Lateral portion of abdomen dark
brown, with no patches or lines (Fig. 8C). Venter dark
brown, with big black region towards spinnerets (Fig.
8B). Palps with short tubular tibias bearing the small
RTA branches separated by a small irregular sclerotized
gap; RTAv much larger, clearly carved midway, and api-
cally placed in relation to the rounded RTAd (Fig. 8G).
RTA hook medium-sized, scarcely visible behind the
notch separating both branchs of RTA (Figs 8G). Cym-
bium elongated, oval, completely covered by long setae
(Fig. 8E—G). Embolic complex long, relatively thin; RK
bearing a large, elongated, triangular retrolateral tip, in
the same level of the sclerotized and almost undistin-
guishable embolus itself (Fig. 8F).

Total length 5.76. Carapace 2.72 long, 2.35 wide,
2.04 high. Left chelicera 0.79 long, 0.71 wide. Clypeus
0.47 high. Endites 0.74 long, 0.47 wide. Labium 0.54

Zoosyst. Evol. 96 (1) 2020, 73-90 87

Figure 10. Arnoliseus falcatus sp. nov., female paratype (UFRJ 1588). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Ventral habitus; C. Lateral habitus;
D. Frontal habitus; E. Epigyne, ventral view; F. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A—D); 0.1 mm (EF, F).

long, 0.19 wide. Sternum 1.26 long, 0.98 wide. Abdomen 0.38. Ocular area (dorsal view): 1.24 long, 1.50 anterior
3.04 long, 1.66 wide, 1.96 high. width, 1.60 posterior width.

Diameter of eyes and interdistances: AME 0.67; ALE Leg articles length: Leg I: Fe 2.31; Pa 1.26; Ti 1.88;
0.34; PME 0.15; PLE 0.33. ALE-PME 0.41; PME-PLE Mt 1.01; Ta 0.61; Total 7.07. Leg II: Fe 2.06; Pa 0.88;

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88 Renner Luiz Cerqueira Baptista et al.: Three new species of Arnoliseus from Brazil

Figure 11. Schematic illustrations of female internal genitalia, dorsal view. A. Arnoliseus carioca sp. nov. B. Arnoliseus hastatus sp.
nov. C. Arnoliseus falcatus sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A-C). Arrows illustrate the flow direction in internal ducts.

Ti 1.29; Mt 0.77; Ta 0.39; Total 5.39. Leg III: Fe 2.44;
Pa 0.78; Ti 1.30; Mt 0.98; Ta 0.52; Total 6.02. Leg IV: Fe
1.98; Pa 0.64; Ti 1.13; Mt 1.10; Ta 0.41; Total 5.26.

Leg formula I-I-II-IV.

Female: (Paratype UFRJ 1588): carapace and fovea
as male, completely covered of yellow setae (Fig. 10A,
C). Labium subquadrate and brown (Fig. 10B). Endites
short and brown (Fig. 10B). Sternum brown, with dusky,
narrow contour (Fig. 10B). Eyes as male (Fig. 10A, C,
D). Clypeus with thick row of yellow setae in the gap
between AME and chelicerae (Fig 10D). Legs yellowish
brown (Fig. 1OA—D). Abdomen beige, with same shape
as male (Fig. 1OA, C). Dorsum with black contour on the
anterior part, followed by parallel black dusky patches
towards posterior rim (Fig. 10A, C). Lateral portion of
abdomen with black scratchy patch (Fig. 10C). Venter
beige (Fig. 10B). Epigyne with a small, ill-defined yellow
epigynal plate, with slight notch on posterior rim, bearing
two small slanted slit openings, placed at a level posterior
to the anterior half of the spermathecae (Fig. 10E, F). In-
ternal genitalia composed of two central, curved tubular
spermathecae, with the fertilization ducts connected to
its ventral end, where the copulatory ducts, also tubular
U-shaped, are connected. Copulatory ducts composed

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of a wider mesal branch, that taper to long tubular ec-
tal branch, ending in rounded glandular heads, placed far
away of the spermathecae (Figs 10F, 11C).

Total length 4.09. Carapace 1.97 long, 1.36 wide, 1.02
high. Left chelicera 0.43 long, 0.38 wide. Clypeus 0.17
high. Endites 0.43 long, 0.36 wide. Labium 0.32 long,
0.24 wide. Sternum 0.78 long, 0.61 wide. Abdomen 1.97
long, 1.26 wide, 1.03 high.

Diameter of eyes and interdistances: AME 0.48; ALE
0.25; PME 0.09; PLE 0.20. ALE-PME 0.27; PME—PLE
0.27. Ocular area (dorsal view): 0.87 long, 0.97 anterior
width, 1.09 posterior width.

Leg articles length: Leg I: Fe 0.97; Pa 0.59; Ti 0.73;
Mt 0.42; Ta 0.34; Total 3.05. Leg II: Fe 0.91; Pa 0.44; Ti
0.47; Mt 0.43; Ta 0.28; Total 3.02. Leg HI: Fe 1.11; Pa
0.52; Ti 0.57; Mt 0.40; Ta 0.42: Total 3.02. Leg IV: Fe
1.02; Pa 0.32; Ti 0.59; Mt 0.62; Ta 0.43; Total 2.98.

Leg formula I-I-IV-I.

Distribution. Only known from type locality (Fig. 12).
Preservation status. Well preserved in 75% ethanol.

Male holotype with left chelicera and palp dissected. Fe-
male paratype with genitalia dissected.

Zoosyst. Evol. 96 (1) 2020, 73-90 89

Key to species

1 PRT a cS re NAR ar Re ce PY Tel Ae na RTIEY aa. drat JON ao ATE se OP Ray’ Saha SPITE ae dee TA ae OEE cee PNT ity ae a hee iS ae EE ae 2 2
- RSI AlG attest eth anode eet ale aes abate teed oh gee M bene alldes. slo Re tt mane aod ies, eee ett Oh a ea mlth ss Re tests heels Bales 6
2 Chelicerae with very elongated, narrow, straight and pointed apophyses, visible in dorsal VieW .............::.:::seeeeeeeeeeeeeeees

inlel sha eeu Ds ANN FB eee) Shia eli bdy as Bek A ee doe abe AWE Boe! hea ees Bdge RA earn Bo AE A. hastatus sp. nov. (Figs 4A, B, D, 5A, B, 7A)
- Chelicerae with apophyses moderately elongated, curved inwards and not visible in dorsal VieW..............:::0eeeseeeeeeee ees S
3 Tip of embolic complex rounded, not diverging from the retrolateral keel........ A. graciosa (Braul and Lise 2002: fig. 37)
- Tip of embolic complex diverging in a truncated retrolateral keel ..............ccccccceccceccececeeseesceceeeccecescueseecceeceeeceeseessuenins 4
4 RTAv not pointed and apart from posterior RTAd by a smaller Sap ....... 0... ceccee cscs sec eeceneseeceeceeeeesssecaeecesseeseeeseesaeeaeess 5
~ RTAv pointed and apart from RTAd by a very large 2ap.........eccecceeee eee eeeees A. calcarifer (Braul and Lise 2002: figs 30, 32)
5 Embolic keel in a lower position in comparison with the tip of the embolus itself and with a small retrolateral tip........

Ae ce td Oot gy tn WEY Lin en cep Pa Ht Utne OP rete Mtelt ed vibe Beppe oP PR AAP SE te Hace Va A. carioca sp. nov. (Figs 1F, 3B—D)
- Dark brown abdomen; embolic keel in the same level of the embolus itself and with retrolateral tip longer and wider...

ave Scie eetes SYN EPERTS SEF ceceyy MeN V TEER STS COR teet are RAVE TP OWENTT fon Pery a eo M NY CORT SEEM rer de RATT EPTESNE {Oe Meee ys re AUTRE, A. falcatus sp. nov. (Fig. 8A, F)
6 Epigyne with two thick, slit-like Copulatory OPCNINGS ...........:ccccsccsecescceececcesseecasececscusneetsacessceeseeccecteacaseeuctansesessecseeeuess 7
~ Epigyne with slender, slit-like copulatory OPENINGS ...........cccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees A. graciosa (Braul and Lise 2002: fig. 41).
7 CD with slender ectal branches overreaching the spermathecae apexes. .............ccccccseccecceeeceesseceeeceseaeeceeseeceseceeeauesenses 8
- CD with thick ectal branches in lower position from the spermathecae apexes..............ccccceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeseeeeeeeeaeeeees 9
8 Glandular heads thick, enlarged, and not twiSted ............cccecceecceeeeeeeeeeeeeneeenes A. calcarifer (Braul and Lise 2002: fig. 33)
- CD with tubular and elongated ectal branches, laterally projected..............:.::: eee: A. falcatus sp. nov. (Figs 1OF, 11C)
9 CD with U-shaped ectal branches with pointed glandular heads ..............cccceceeeee eee ee A. carioca sp. nov. (Figs 2F, 3F, 11A)
- CD bending over, with ectal branches bearing thick, enlarged, and twisted glandular heads which touch the mesal

18821 L619) 2) Seana 5 ioe chs en oy i ne nD Ak ee ca IT 22 ee A. hastatus sp. nov. (Figs 6F, 7F, 11B).

i}

@ Arnoliseus carioca new species
O Arnoliseus hastatus new species
Arnoliseus falcatus new species

70 140 210 km
ee

Scale: 1:2.000.000

Figure 12. Map with the type localities of the three new species.

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90 Renner Luiz Cerqueira Baptista et al.: Three new species of Arnoliseus from Brazil

Acknowledgments

We thank A. Kury and Carla Barros for depositing the
new species holotypes and some of the paratypes in the
MNRJ. We also thank the staff of the Parque Estadual
da Pedra Branca and Reserva Ecolégica de Guapiac¢u for
which fieldwork would otherwise be impossible. We are
also indebted to Dr José Ricardo M. Mermudes for the use
of automontage microscope at Laboratorio de Entomolo-
gia (UFRJ), to André Almeida Alves for the live specimen
photos and to Marcelo Henrique de Oliveira Sales for the
assistance with taking SEM photos at Laboratorio de Im-
agem (UFRJ). Finally, we thank the editor, Danilo Harms,
and the reviewers, Tamas Sztits, Gustavo Ruiz, and Marek
Zabka, for their enriching comments that improved our
manuscript, and we acknowledge the support of the Muse-
um ftir Naturkunde Berlin in publishing our research. This
study was only possible due to a Coordena¢ao de Aper-
feigoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) PhD
scholarship (88882.183274/2018-01) to the second author.

References

Alvarez-Padilla F, Hormiga G (2008) A protocol for digesting internal soft
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nal of Arachnology 35: 538-542. https://doi.org/10.1636/Sh06-55. 1

Braul A, Lise AA (2002) Revis&o taxonémica das espécies de Vinnius e
a proposi¢ao de dois géneros novos (Araneae, Salticidae). Biocién-
cias 10: 87-125.

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Castanheira PS, Pérez-Gonzalez A, Baptista RLC (2016) Spider diver-
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