Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 68 (1) 2021, 45-79 | DOI 10.3897/dez.68.60193 nett BERLIN Biogeographical and evolutionary aspects of a Guineo-Congolian bushcricket tribe: Revision of the genera Cestromoecha Karsch, 1893 and Poreuomena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878, with the description of new species (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae) Claudia Hemp!, Bruno Massa? 1 Dept Plant Systematics, Univ. of Bayreuth, Germany 2 Dept of Agriculture, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Italy http://zoobank. org/227B7394-69C5-447F-B984-250DF 1ADFBE1 Corresponding author: Claudia Hemp (Claudia. Hemp@uni-bayreuth.de) Academic editor: Susanne Randolf # Received 30 October 2020 # Accepted 7 December 2020 @ Published 5 January 2021 Abstract The genera Cestromoecha and Poreuomena of the tribe Poreuomenini in Phaneropterinae are revised and new generic characters are given for both genera, and six new species are described in Poreuomena. The newly described species are P. biaculeata sp. nov., P. eala sp. nov., P. gracilicercata sp. nov., P. ivoriana sp. nov., P. matthaei sp. nov., and P. tshuapa sp. nov. Based on characters defining the two genera, three species so far listed under Cestromoecha are transferred to Poreuomena: P. crassipes Karsch, 1890, P. laeglae (Massa, 2015), and P. magnicerca (Massa, 2013). One species of Cestromoecha, C. mundamensis Karsch, 1896, is syn- onymised with C. fenuipes (Karsch, 1890) since no morphological differences were detected between the type specimens. Thus, two species remain with Cestromoecha, and Poreuomena now contains 16 species. Morphological closely-related species of Poreuomena suggest rapid speciation in the Congo Basin due to several expansions and shrinkages of the Guineo-Congolian forest belt since the Oligocene. At least two different morphological lineages are discernible. On the other hand the genus Cestromoecha Karsch, 1893 is a species-poor taxon. Key Words taxonomy, identification characters, synonymies, biogeography, speciation Introduction Information on Phaneropterinae and also other Orthop- tera of Central to West Africa is sparse. Most research ac- tivity, mainly the collecting of specimens, reaches back to colonial times. More recent studies in parts of Africa were conducted by, for example, Naskrecki (2009) or Heller et al. (2014). Only recently further more comprehensive re- search was conducted in West (Cote dIvoire) and Central Africa (Central African Republic) including light trap- ping, thus enabling the study of the Tettigoniidae fauna of these areas in more detail (e.g. Massa 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020; Hemp and Massa 2017; Massa et al. 2020). New species of Poreuomena have been detected by visiting various entomological collections in Europe or within material received from African expeditions. In this study, we focus on the tribe Poreuomenini which includes the three genera, Cestromoecha Karsch, 1893, Poreuomena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 and the monotypic Paraporeuomena Massa, 2018, tentatively included in the tribe. Currently, the genera Cestromoe- cha and Poreuomena contain 13 species, all from cen- tral-western Africa. We review the genera Poreuomena and Cestromoecha providing new characters on generic level since both genera were described only on the few male specimens present at that time only by Brunner von 46 Claudia Hemp & Bruno Massa: Biogeography and revision of Cestromoecha and Poreuomena (Orthoptera) Wattenwyl (1878) and Karsch (1893). A biogeographical analysis is conducted on the basis of the morphology of the outer male genitalic apparatus. Materials and methods Most specimens studied in the present paper were studied in museum collections, others were collected at night- time attracted to light (UV) both on the ground and in the canopy of central-western countries of tropical Afri- ca during scientific expeditions. Before mounting speci- mens, the left wing of every male having different cerci was spread in order to allow the study of the stridulatory file on the underside of the left forewing; the number and arrangement of the teeth are diagnostic and are useful characters to identify whether a species is bioacoustical- ly separated from one another (Heller 2006). Characters of specimens, such as stridulatory area, stridulatory file, cerci in frontal and lateral views were photographed with a Nikon Coolpix 4500 digital camera, mounted on a Wild M3 Stereomicroscope, or with an Olympus Tough F2.0 camera. Photographs were integrated using the freeware CombineZP (Hadley 2008). Mounted specimens were measured with a digital caliper (precision 0.01 mm). Due to the difficulties in identifying females, in the present paper, they are included only in case they were collected at the same locality and on the same date as a correspond- ing male. Abbreviations used in this paper ANHRT African Natural History Research Trust, Here- ford, UK. BMPC Bruno Massa Collection, Palermo, Italy. CCH ~— Claudia Hemp Collection, Bayreuth, Germany. HNHM_ Hungarian Natural History Museum (Magyar Természettudomanyi Muzeum) MfN Museum fiir Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany. MHNG Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Géneve, Ge- neva, Switzerland. MNHN Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. MNCN Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Ma- drid, Spain. MRAC Musée Royal de |’ Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium. MSNG Museo Civico di Storia Naturale ‘G Doria’, Genoa, Italy. NHRS _ Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden. NHM _ Natural History Museum (formerly British Mu- seum Natural History), London, UK. NHMW Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria. PAPC Philippe Annoyer Collection, Sainte Croix Volvestre, France. RBINS_ Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Bruxelles, Belgium. dez.pensoft.net Results Tribe Poreuomenini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 Iconography. The name Poreuomena is probably de- rived from the Greek verb Ilopevm meaning “bringing something into a definite direction”. The name Cestro- moecha is probably derived from Kéotpov, an instrument used in pyrography (drawing by means of heat), pointed on one side and rounded on the other. The same name was used by the Macedonians to indicate a particular type of arrow; the word indicates something that has the form of KEOTPOV (KEOTPOV [LOL EXELV). Remarks on the tribe Poreuomenini. Brunner von Wattenwyl (1878) erected the group Poreuomenae and the genus on the single species Poreuomena africana from Gabon, the only species known in this group at that time. Brunner von Wattenwyl (1878) noted that the new genus is similar in habitus to the genus Phanerop- tera. Regarding differences to Phaneroptera both sides of the tympanal organs are closed in Poreuomena (not true for all newly-described species though, see below) while they are open in Phaneroptera. Furthermore, the fore tibiae are smooth without any furrow at their dorsal sides and completely unarmed. These characters differ- entiate the Poreuomenini from Phaneropterini and place them near to the Holochlorini (formerly divided into Ho- lochlorae and Psyrae). Since Poreuomena was erected on the species africana generic characters were the 10" ab- dominal tergite of the males being extended in two lobes and the Rs vein branching off near the base of the tegmen. Karsch (1890) described Poreuomena tenuipes but erected a few years later his own genus on this species (Karsch 1896). The differentiating character for the two genera as given by Karsch (1896) was a bilobed 10" male tergite in Poreuomena and an undifferentiated 10" tergite in Cestromoecha. Further Karsch noted that the first side vein of the radius (Rs) typically branches off near the base in Poreuomena but more in or behind the middle in Cestromoecha (Figs 1, 2). Comparing all species we found that a further typical character of Poreuomena is flaps on both tegmina — both with stridulatory files on the underside (Figs 6—8). A flap and very likely convergently- evolved similar structure is only found in the East African endemic Ectomoptera Ragge, 1980 that has, however, a well-developed mirror on the right tegmen, while in Poreuomena a mirror is lacking completely. On the right tegmen only a reduced stridulatory file is found in Ectomoptera (for a review of stridulatory files on the right tegmen of Ensifera see Leroy 1970 or Chamorro-Rengifo et al. 2014). Table 1 shows a compilation of characters for species of the two genera Poreuomena and Cestromoecha with respective taxonomic changes. Referring to the type species of Poreuomena, P. af- ricana, and Cestromoecha, C. tenuipes, several species are currently misplaced and are here transferred to their respective genus on grounds of generic characters given above and below. A very obvious distinguishing character on generic level is the presence (Poreuomena africana) or Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 68 (1) 2021, 45-79 47 Figures 1-5. Venation of Poreuomenini. Arrows point at Rs branching of from the radius 1. Rs branching off after the middle in Cestromoecha tenuipes. 2. Rs branching off basally, for example, in Poreuomena africana. 3-5. Mirror area of Cestromoecha te- nuipes lacking the flaps on both tegmina bases, but with a well-developed mirror on the right tegmen (arrows). 5. Mirror area of Cestromoecha tenuipes from the underside with a well-developed stridulatory file, typical for all Poreuomenini. dez.pensoft.net 48 Claudia Hemp & Bruno Massa: Biogeography and revision of Cestromoecha and Poreuomena (Orthoptera) Figures 6—8. Tegminal flaps at the bases of the tegmina, here in Poreuomena tshuapa sp. nov., a generic character for the genus Poreuomena. Table 1. Morphological characters of the genera Poreuomena and Cestromoecha. Rs: Position of Rs branching off from radius. Flaps: flaps on both tegmina developed or not. Mirror: mirror on right tegmen developed or not. 10: 10" abdominal tergite “bilobed” (derived from the basic structure of an elongated 10" tergite with lateral bulges or short or long, straight or downcurved lateral processes) or undifferentiated or differently shaped. Species Rs Flaps Mirror Cestromoecha C. longicerca Massa, 2013 behind middle no _ large mirror C. mundamensis Karsch, 1896 (synonym with behind middle no _— small mirror the following species) C. tenuipes (Karsch, 1890) behind middle no _— small mirror Poreuomena P. africana B. v. Wattenwyyl, 1878 basal yes no P. biaculeata sp. nov. basal yes no P. crassipes (Karsch, 1890) stat. nov. basal yes no P. duponti Griffini, 1908 basal yes no P. eala sp. nov. basal yes no P. forcipata Sjéstedt, 1902 basal yes no P. gracilicercata sp. nov. basal yes no P. huxleyi Massa, 2013 basal yes no P. laeglae (Massa, 2015) stat. nov. basal yes no P. lamottei Chopard, 1954 basal yes no P. magnicerca (Massa, 2013) stat. nov. basal yes no P. matthaei sp. nov. basal bulge no P. sanghensis Massa, 2013 basal yes no P. tshuapa sp. nov. basal yes no P. wilverthi Griffini, 1908 basal yes no dez.pensoft.net 10" abdominal tergite stout 10" tergite with almost straight posterior margin straight margin with median ridge undifferentiated, straight margin bilobed: posteriorly produced with two thick downcurved processes bilobed: posteriorly produced with two laterally compressed downcurved lobes bilobed; elongated downcurved flap forming two bulges bilobed : posteriorly produced with two thick processes bilobed: posteriorly produced with two bulgy lobes bilobed: posteriorly produced with two thick somewhat laterally expanded and downcurved processes bilobed: two stout bulges with long downcurved processes bilobed: posteriorly produced with short stout processes narrowing suddenly to a thin elongate, laterally compressed, flagellum-like shape two broad but narrow lobes with median gap bilobed: posteriorly produced with two stout and downcurved lateral processes undifferentiated, straight margin broad, shield-like with median gap bilobed: broad with short lateral flanges forming a u-shaped gap between them broad with shallow median depression and two reduced knob-like processes bilobed: broad with short lateral flanges Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 68 (1) 2021, 45-79 absence (Cestromoecha tenuipes) of a mirror on the right side of the tegmen (Figs 3—5) — as well as the well-de- veloped flaps with the stridulatory files on the underside in Poreuomena (Figs 6-8). Cestromoecha either has, at most, a small bulge on the left tegmen and a separate flap with a stridulatory file on the underside on the right wing but a well-developed mirror. Karsch (1896) noted that he could not decide whether Poreuomena crassipes, described by him on a single fe- male, also belonged to the new genus Cestromoecha or not since the male was unknown. Ragge (1968) in his in- dex-catalogue of African Phaneropterinae listed the latter species under Cestromoecha without giving reasons for this change. Massa (2013) described the male of C. cras- sipes leaving it with Cestromoecha, although having a bilobed 10" tergite and tegminal flaps typical for Poreu- omena. Poreuomena magnicerca transferred by us from Cestromoecha, has typical tegminal flaps, a Rs branching off from the radius near the base of the tegmen, however, for Poreuomena, with an untypical, undifferentiated and thus not bilobed 10" abdominal tergite. All other known Poreuomena species, including the here newly-described species have tegminal flaps on both tegmina, except for P. matthaei sp. nov. with a bulge at the right base of the teg- men. A flap is here defined as elongated and narrow, mostly pointed structure at the base of the tegmina, while a bulge is a broad and not pointed structure. Further, Poreuomena species have a Rs branching off from the radius near the base and a 10" abdominal tergite derived from a bilobed basic structure (elongated bulges or with short or long, straight or downcurved lateral processes). Two species re- main in Cestromoecha, C. tenuipes (syn. C. mundamensis) and C. /ongicerca, both having mirrors on the right side of the tegmen and no tegminal flaps (Figs 10, 12, 17). Genus Cestromoecha Karsch, 1893 Figs 9-21 Cestromoecha Karsch, 1893. Berlin Ent. Z. 38: 128; type species: Po- reuomena tenuipes Karsch, 1890 Re-description. Medium-sized, predominantly green, typical Phaneropterinae with narrow and elongate tegmi- na surpassed at their apices by the alae. Fastigium verti- cis smaller than the width of the scapus; triangular with rounded apex, shallowly sulcate, separated from conical fastigium frontis by a gap. Antennal sockets elevated be- side fastigia. Fore coxa with a spine. Fore and mid femora dorsally rounded, ventrally with very tiny spinules. Hind femora slender, slightly thickened in basal part, with few tiny spinules along the ventral length. Fore tibiae very slender, thickened in the area of the tympana and slightly sulcate dorsally; tympana open on the inner, conchate on the outer side. Hind tibiae triangular or narrow rectan- gular in diameter, densely packed along each edge with slender spines; dorsally with a pair of tiny spurs on each side, ventrally with each one larger spur on each side. 49 Left tegmen of typical Phaneropterine shape, with a slight bulge where the stridulatory file is located at the under- side (Figs 10, 17). The right tegmen with a well-devel- oped mirror (Figs 3, 5). Male 10 abdominal tergite either flap-like or stout (Figs 13, 14, 20). Cerci from stout to long, slender and pointed; subgenital plate deeply bilo- bate; without styli (Figs 15, 21). Cestromoecha longicerca Massa, 2013 Figs 1, 9-15 Cestromoecha longicerca Massa, 2013. J. Orth. Res. 22: 142; type locali- ty: Central African Republic, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park (BMPC). Material examined. Central African Republic, Dzan- ga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, UV trap, 11—12.II.2012 (holotype 4); same data 20—23.1I.2012 (paratype <) (BMCP); Central African Republic, Dzanga-Ndoki NP, Saline des Buffles, 25.1.2012 (14); Mboki, 25—26.1.2012 (light) (14); Lake 1, 14-15.1I.2012, 19-20.1I.2012 (light) (33) (PAPC). Gabon, Mikongo (Rougier), Mts de Cristal (secondary forest) (430 m alt.) 28. VII-12. VIHI.2019 (MV Light Trap) (13') (ANHRT). Diagnosis. The stridulatory area of the left tegmen is short; it is slightly arched and has ca. 30 evenly-spaced teeth (Fig. 11). The right tegmen has a mirror (Fig. 10). The cerci are strongly curved downwards at their bases, with their inner parts concave, sharply bent upwards and becoming narrower with pointed tips (Figs 13, 14). The subgenital plate is triangular, narrowing to its apex, divid- ed into two long and acute lobes (Fig. 15). Colour. Green-brownish, tegmina green with a black marking on the stridulatory area (Figs 9, 10), black spots on the posterior margin of tegmina, 3-4 small yellow spots on the centre of the tegmina. Some small reddish spots are present on the pronotum. Measurements (mm). Males. Body length: 15.7—16.0; Pronotum length: 4.0-4.2; Pronotum height: 3.5—3.7; Length of hind femora: 17.4—-17.5; Length of tegmina: 25.8—28.2. Remarks. The cerci of the male have a very stout base, with the inner part concave bending sharply upwards and becoming very narrow; the cerci surpass clearly the 10" tergite and the apices are very pointed (Figs 13, 14). Distribution. Dzanga-Ndoki National Park (Central African Republic) (Massa 2013, Massa et al. 2020), and Mts de Cristal (Gabon) (Massa, in press). Cestromoecha tenuipes (Karsch, 1890) Figs 16-21 Cestromoecha tenuipes Karsch, 1890. Entom. Nachricht. 16: 363; type locality: Cameroon, Barombi Station (MfN). Syn. Cestromoecha mundamensis Karsch, 1896 syn. nov. Karsch 1896. Stett. Entomol. Z. 57: 338; type locality: Cameroon, Mun- dame (MfN). dez.pensoft.net 50 Claudia Hemp & Bruno Massa: Biogeography and revision of Cestromoecha and Poreuomena (Orthoptera) Figures 9-15. Morphological details of male Cestromoecha longicerca. Habitus (9). Stridulatory area with mirror on right tegmen (10), stridulatory file on the underside of the left tegmen (11), close-up of mirror (12), abdominal apex in lateral view (13), rear view (14) and subgenital plate (15). dez.pensoft.net Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 68 (1) 2021, 45-79 51 Figures 16-21. Morphological details of male Cestromoecha tenuipes. Habitus (16), stridulatory area (17), stridulatory file on the underside of the left tegmen (18), abdominal apex in lateral (19) and dorsal view (20) and subgenital plate (21). dez.pensoft.net 52 Claudia Hemp & Bruno Massa: Biogeography and revision of Cestromoecha and Poreuomena (Orthoptera) Material examined of C. tenuipes. Cameroon, Barombi Station (29 syntypes) (MfN); Cameroon (12) (MCNM); Cameroon, Mundame (16,22) (NHMW); Angola (1 9): Equatorial Guinea, Fernando Poo (16); Material examined of C. mundamensis. Equatori- al Guinea, Fernando Poo, Musolo I. 1902, L. Fea (16, 12); Fernando Poo, Basile (12) (MSNG); Camer- oon, Campo Ma’an National Park (lowland rainforest) (950 m alt.) 10-22. HI. 2018 (MV Light Trap), Fots- ing, Ishmael, Miles, Safian (1¢') (ANHRT); Central African Republic, Dzanga-Ndoki NP, Lake 1, 30-31. I. 2012, 11-12. II. 2012, 21-22. II. 2012 (light) 3) (BMPC & PAPC). Diagnosis. Sjéstedt (1912) stated that Griffini (1905/6) found no differences between C. fenuipes and C. mun- damensis, both described by Karsch. Sj6stedt mentions that a generic character on which Cestromoecha was erected, is a missing mirror on the right tegmen, while C. mundamensis has a well-developed mirror. However, both C. tenuipes (Fig. 17) and C. mundamensis males have well-developed mirrors and a comparison of the outer genitalic system of both C. tenuipes (Figs 19-21) and C. mundamensis showed no differences. Therefore, we suggest to synonymize both species that also have an overlapping distribution pattern to be synonymised. Distribution. Central to West Africa. Genus Poreuomena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 Poreuomena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878. Monographie der Pha- neropteriden 187; type species: Poreuomena africana Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 Re-description. Medium-sized, predominantly green typical Phaneropterinae with narrow and elongate teg- mina surpassed at their apices by the alae. Fastigium verticis smaller than the width of the scapus; triangular and sulcate above, separated from the conical fastigium frontis by a gap. Antennal sockets elevated beside fas- tigia. Fore coxa with a spine. Fore and mid femora dor- sally rounded, ventrally with very tiny spinules. Hind femora slender, slightly thickened in basal part, with few tiny spinules along the ventral length. Fore tibiae very slender, thickened in the area of the tympana and sulcate dorsally; tympana open on inner, conchate on outer side. Hind tibiae triangular or narrow rectangular in diameter, densely packed along each edge with slen- der spines; dorsally with a pair of tiny spurs on each side, ventrally with one larger spur on each side. Bases of the tegmina differentiated into flaps; on each of these flaps, a similar shaped stridulatory file on the underside is present. No mirror developed on the right tegmen. Rs vein branching off from the radius basally. Male 10" abdominal tergite usually bilobate, either with evenly rounded lobes, lobes reduced to short bulges or strong- ly elongated. Male cerci simple, expanded at their tips dez.pensoft.net or differentiated in differently-shaped branches. Subge- nital plate elongated (but not markedly surpassing ab- dominal apex) with mostly a pair of short stout to more slender lobes or unlobed with two rounded apices at the posterior margin. All checked specimens also have an area of dark cells surrounded by the green more elevated veins in the cubi- tal area of the tegmina. Poreuomena africana Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 Figs 22-28 Poreuomena africana Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878. Monographie der Phaneropteriden, 187; type locality: Gabon (MHNG). Material examined. Cameroon (1¢, 12) (MCNM); Cameroon, Campo Ma’an National Park (lowland rain- forest) (950 m alt.) 10—22. III. 2018 (UV Cold Cath- ode Light Trap), Fotsing, Ishmael, Miles, Safian (24 in ANHRT; 1 in BMPC); Gabon, Mikongo (Rougier), Mts de Cristal (secondary forest) (430 m alt.) 0°29'47"N, 11°10'42"E, 28. VH-12. VUI.2019 (LepiLED Light Trap), Albert, Aristophanous, Bie Mba, Dérozier, Moret- to (13) (ANHRT); Gabon, Mts de Cristal National Park, Kinguelé 3. XII. 2015 (UV) (BMPC); Gabon, M’Bigon 26. I. 1986, A Pauly (1) (RBINS). Diagnosis. The 10" abdominal tergite (Fig. 25) is similar to that of P. /amottei (Fig. 78) — with two lateral processes. However, the male cerci are completely dif- ferent in P. africana, broader at the base tapering to acute tips of the two branches (Figs 22, 25, 28) while the male cerci in P. /amottei are simple, expanded into three tips apically (Fig. 78). Description. Tegmina about 5.8—-5.9 longer than broad. Stridulatory file 0.3 mm long; teeth more widely spaced at inner side, becoming more densely set distally (Fig. 24). Fore femora unarmed. Mid femora with 4-5 out- er ventral small spines, inner ventral side unarmed. Hind femora only distally with a ventral double row of 2-3 small spines. Fore tibiae with a ventral double row of 4-5 spines; mid tibiae with a ventral double row of 5 spines, hind tibiae with 4 rows of numerous spines and apically 3 spurs on each side. Last abdominal tergite enlarged and apically bilobate and flattened (Figs 22, 25, 26); cerci ba- sally stout, apically divided into two tips, the inner short- er and incurved, the outer longer, flattened, outcurved and with 5—6 inner dark teeth like a knife (Figs 22, 25, 28). The subgenital plate is short with two stout lobes with rounded tips (Figs 26, 27). Colour. Small species, uniformly green-yellowish, a little brownish around the stridulatory area (Fig. 23) and small black dots on the posterior margins of the tegmina. Measurements (mm). Males. Body length: 18.5—19.9. Pronotum length: 3.7—3.8. Pronotum height: 2.8—2.9. Length of hind femora: 19.6—-19.8. Length of tegmina: 26.5—26.8. Width of tegmina: 4.54.6. Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 68 (1) 2021, 45-79 53 Figures 22—28. Morphological details of male Poreuomena africana. Drawing Fig. 53, taken from Brunner von Wattenwyl (1878) (22), head and stridulatory area (23), stridulatory file on the underside of the left tegmen (24), apex in rear view (25) and lateral view (26), subgenital plate (27) and cerci (28). dez.pensoft.net 54 Claudia Hemp & Bruno Massa: Biogeography and revision of Cestromoecha and Poreuomena (Orthoptera) Poreuomena biaculeata sp. nov. http://zoobank.org/F77ABD30-E5BE-4E0B-BD0C-92D88B2BD4F9 Figs 29-35 Material examined. Democratic Republic of the Con- go. Léopoldville (today Kinshasa) 1937, A. Tinant (holo- type 5) (MRAC). Diagnosis. Very closely related to P. wilverthi, a spe- cies widespread in the Congo basin and the Albertine Rift. P. biaculeata sp. nov. has the 10" abdominal tergite deeply split into two lobes (Figs 33, 34), while in P. wil- verthi the 10" abdominal tergite is not divided as deeply, just at the apex however, with a median groove. The cerci in P. wilverthi are thick but smoothly tapering to the apex with an acute tip (Figs 105, 106), while in P. biaculeata sp. nov., the cerci are thick at the base and then suddenly narrowing midway forming a finger-like but pointed and sclerotized apical section (Figs 32—34). P. biaculeata sp. nov. is also closely related to P. crassipes with a similar tegminal flap of the 10 abdominal tergite but differently shaped cerci. Description. Male. Typical Poreuomena_ species with wings protruding over the body by only a few mm (Fig. 29). Where tegmina meet, when folded, interior part of cells of dark colour while surrounding and elevated veins green (tawny in preserved insect). Rs branching off in the first half of the basal part of the tegmen. Tegmina with two flaps at their base, the flap of the left wing small- er and more pointed than the broader flap with a rounded tip on the right tegmen. The stridulatory rib marked dark brown on the flap of the left tegmen, uniformly brown on the right tegmen. Beneath flaps, tegmina with nar- row longish, oval brown markings. Stridulatory file on the underside of left flap about 1.1 mm long; teeth at the apical part of the left flap very densely set and gradually getting larger to the middle of the file where the teeth are largest and widely set. At the end of the file at the interi- or part, strongly curved with small and a few widely set teeth; with about 20 widely and in the middle large teeth, apically more than 30 very densely set teeth (Fig. 31). Stridulatory file on the right tegminal flap not as strongly developed but of similar shape and the same arrangement of the teeth. The 10" abdominal tergite of typical bilo- bate form, deeply divided medially thus forming two pro- cesses with upcurved posterior parts (Figs 33, 34). Cerci thick at the base, then strongly narrowing and forming a sclerotised pointed apical tip (Figs 33, 34). Subgenital plate with two slender but short lobes (Fig. 35). Titillators present (two slender long structures), protruding between the subgenital plate and the cerci (Fig. 32). Female. Unknown. Measurements (mm). Male (n = 1). Body length: 22; pronotum length: 3.7; length hind femora: 21.2; length of tegmina: 28.3; width of tegmina: 4.3. Distribution. Congo Basin. Etymology. Named after the shape of cerci that are similar to two stings, from Latin biaculeatus (= with two stings). dez.pensoft.net Poreuomena crassipes Karsch, 1890 stat. rev. Figs 36—40 Poreuomena crassipes Karsch, 1890. Entom. Nachricht. 16: 364; Type locality: Cameroon (MfN). Material examined. Central African Republic, Dzan- ga-Ndoki National Park, Ndoki, Lake 1, UV trap 1, 31.1.- 211.2012 (4); 11-12.11.2012 (4); 20-23.11.2012 (2); Central African Republic, Dzanga-Ndoki NP, Lake 1, camp 1, 15—-16.1I.2012 (3); Central African Republic, Dzanga-Ndoki NP, Lake 1, UV trap 2, 15—-16.II.2012 (@); Central African Republic, Dzanga-Ndoki NP, Lake 1, 11-12.11.2012 (light) (34); Lake 3, 25—26.11.2012 (light) (14) (BMPC), Central African Republic, Dzanga-Ndo- ki NP, Lake 1, 29-30.X1.2010 (14, 12); 30.XI-1.XII. 2010 (light) (13') (PAPC). Diagnosis. Morphologically closely related to P. bi- aculeata sp. nov. and P. wilverthi. All three species share a similar 10" abdominal tergite that is flap-like, deeply divided into two lobes in P. biaculeata sp. nov. (Figs 33, 34), with an indentation only at its posterior margin and a central furrow in P. wilverthi (Fig. 107) and with only a shallow groove medially in P. crassipes (Fig. 40). The cerci of the three species are also similar, stout at their bases, narrowed halfway into a sclerotised tip in P. biaculeata sp. nov. (Figs 33, 34), evenly tapering into a tiny sclerotised tip in P. wilverthi (Figs 104, 106) and stout in P. crassipes with two sclerotised dents at their apices (Figs 39, 40). Description. Karsch (1890, p. 364, note 1) described very briefly only the female of C. crassipes from Camer- oon. Massa (2013) described the male. The 10" tergite is apically rounded with a clear bilobate incision (Fig. 40); the cerci are robust, up- and incurved, their apex is sharp- ly narrowed and pointed (Figs 39, 40). The subgenital plate is not long, but clearly bilobate (Fig. 40). The strid- ulatory area of the left tegmen is black, short and straight (Fig. 37) and the stridulatory file has ca. 40 teeth, apically upcurved (Fig. 38). Measurements (mm). Males. Body length: 17.3—-19.6; pronotum length: 3.84. 1; pronotum height: 3.3—3.6; length of hind femora: 19.3—20.2; length of tegmina: 27.3—30.6. Distribution. P. crassipes is known from Cameroon (Karsch 1890; Ragge 1968), the Central African Republic (Massa 2013; Massa et al. 2020), the Democratic Repub- lic of the Congo and the Ivory Coast (Ragge 1967; 1968). Poreuomena duponti Griffini, 1908 Figs 41-44 Poreuomena duponti Griffini, 1908. Mem. Soc. entom. Belgique, Brux- elles 15: 84; type locality: Cameroon, Mukonje Farm (RBINS). Material examined. Cameroon, Mukonje Farm ( ho- lotype, 42) (RBINS); Cameroon, Mukonje Farm (29° syntypes) (MSNG). Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 68 (1) 2021, 45-79 55 Figures 29-35. Morphological details of male Poreuomena biaculeata sp. nov. Habitus (29), left tegminal flap with stridulatory file on the underside (30), stridulatory file on the underside of the left tegminal flap (31), abdominal apex in lateral (32) and rear view (33), cerci (34), subgenital plate (35). dez.pensoft.net 56 Claudia Hemp & Bruno Massa: Biogeography and revision of Cestromoecha and Poreuomena (Orthoptera) Figures 36—40. Morphological details of male Poreuomena crassipes. Habitus (36), stridulatory area (37), stridulatory file on the underside of the left tegminal flap (38), lateral (39) and rear view (40) on apex. Diagnosis. The 10" abdominal tergite is hood-shaped with a small median indentation (Fig. 42). The cerci are stout within a sharp-angled incurved sclerotised tip (Figs 43, 44); the subgenital plate 1s bilobate (Fig. 44). No other Poreuomena species has a hood-shaped 10" abdom- inal tergite and such peculiar cerci with tips acute-angled. Distribution. Known only from the type locali- ty, Cameroon. dez.pensoft.net Poreuomena eala sp. nov. http://zoobank. org/C3C9285D-215D-4C67-BA1D-AFDD94D4A2C6 Figs 45-51 Material examined. Democratic Republic of the Con- go, Eala, IV 1935. J. Ghesquiére (Holotype 3) (MRAC); same data as holotype, but IV and XI 1935 (Paratypes 14,22) (MRAC). Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 68 (1) 2021, 45-79 57 41 Figures 41—44. Morphological details of male Poreuomena duponti. Habitus (41), lateral view on apex (42), lateral view of cerci (43, 44). Diagnosis. Rather stout species with a 10" abdomi- nal tergite differentiated into two bulges (Figs 48, 49). The cerci are stout and upcurved with stout bifurcate tips (Figs 48, 49). No other Poreuomena species has such a combination of bifurcate tips of the cerci and a 10" ab- dominal tergite differentiated into two bulges. Description. Male. Stout species with wings project- ing over the body by about half of their length. Where tegmina meet, when folded, interior part of cells of dark colour while surrounding and elevated veins green. Rs branching off in the first half of the basal part of the teg- men. Tegmina with two flaps at their base, the flap of the left wing smaller and more pointed than the broader flap with a rounded tip on the right tegmen. The stridulato- ry rib marked dark brown on the flap of the left tegmen, uniformly brown on the right tegmen. Beneath flaps, teg- mina with narrow longish brown markings. Stridulatory file on the underside of the left flap about 1.3 mm long; teeth at apical part of the left flap very densely set and gradually getting larger, about from half of the file teeth large and more widely to very widely spaced; inner part then strongly curved and teeth becoming smaller and then obsolete; with about 45—50 teeth (Fig. 50). Stridu- latory file on the right tegminal flap not as strongly de- veloped, but of similar shape and the same arrangement of the teeth. The 10" abdominal tergite bilobate, differen- tiated into two bulges (Fig. 48). Cerci stout along whole length, at their ends upcurved and divided into two tips (Figs 48, 49). Subgenital plate elongated, deeply divided into two lobes; without styli (Fig. 49). Between subgeni- tal plate and cerci, two longish internal structures present (titillators) (Fig. 51). Female. As male comparatively stout, of uniform green colour without brown markings (Fig. 45) present in males on and beneath the stridulatory area. As in the male, where tegmina meet when folded, interior part of cells of dark colour while surrounding veins green. Pos- terior margin of 10" abdominal tergite differentiated into two lobes or bulges, similar to those of the male, but much smaller and shorter (Fig. 46). Ovipositor short and upcurved. Subgenital plate triangular with an indentation at the posterior tip (Fig. 47). Measurements (mm). Males (n = 2). Body length: 22.7—23.1; pronotum length: 4.44.5; length hind fem- ora: 22—22.5; length of tegmina: 30-31.5; width of teg- mina: 4.4—5.2. Females (n = 2). Body length: 19.5—22; pronotum length: 4.2-4.4; length of hind femora: 21—22.1; length dez.pensoft.net 58 Claudia Hemp & Bruno Massa: Biogeography and revision of Cestromoecha and Poreuomena (Orthoptera) Figures 45-51. Morphological details of Poreuomena eala sp. nov. Habitus, female (45), subgenital plate (46) and lateral view on ovipositor (47), semi-lateral (48) and lateral (49) view on the male abdominal apex, stridulatory file on the underside of the male left tegminal flap (50), titillators (51). dez.pensoft.net Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 68 (1) 2021, 45-79 of tegmina: 32—32.7; width of tegmina: 5.4—5.5; length of Ovipositor: 6.4—6.5. Distribution. DRC, Equateur Province. Etymology. Named after the area Eala where speci- mens of this species were collected. Poreuomena forcipata Sjéstedt, 1902 Figs 52-56 Poreuomena forcipata Sj6stedt, 1902. Bihang Kungl. Svenska Vet. Akad. Handl. 27 (3): 12; type locality: Cameroon (NHRS). Material examined. Central African Republic, Dz- anga-Ndoki NP, Lake 1, 14—15.II.2012, 19—20.11.2012 (light) (2¢) (BMPC). Syn. Poreuomena gladiator Bolivar, 1906 Poreuomena gladiator Bolivar, 1906. Mem. Soc. espan. Hist. nat. 1: 337; type locality: Cameroon (MNCN). Material examined. Cameroon, holotype ¢ of P. gladi- ator (MNCN) (Fig. 52). Diagnosis. Griffini (1908) supposed that, because Bolivar (1906) overlooked the paper of Sjéstedt (1902), P. gladiator Bolivar, 1906 from Cameroon could be synonymous with P. forcipata Sjostedt, 1902, also from Cameroon. The male cerci of the two taxa are identical. Both lack the black marking on the stridulatory area of the male left tegmen (Fig. 54); thus P. gladiator has been synonymised with P. forcipata by Massa (2013). Morpho- logically most closely related to P. Jaeglae (both species share an asymmetrical supra-anal plate with a spine on the left margin, Fig. 55), P. tshuapa sp. nov. and P. mag- nicerca (also see diagnosis at P. laeglae). Description. Rather stout species with comparative- ly broad tegmina (Fig. 54). The 10" abdominal tergite is broad with two lateral processes, while the cerci are highly modified into two branches (Figs 55, 56). The inner branch is blade-like with sclerotised margins, while the outer or apical one is finger-like (also see at P. tshuapa sp. nov.). This species has an asymmetrical supra-anal plate with a stout spine on the left side, lacking on the right (Massa et al. 2020; Fig. 55 arrow). The male subgenital plate is triangular and has a small apical concavity (Fig. 56). The stridulatory file has ca. 35 teeth, the last 8-10 placed more or less perpendicularly to the main file (Fig. 53). Distribution. Cameroon and the Central African Republic. Poreuomena gracilicercata sp. nov. http://zoobank.org/63C3449A-4D9E-4CC2-A08A-23703B 121D9E Figs 57-61 Material examined. Zaire (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 180 km W from Bukavu, rainforest, 59 14.V.1988, leg. A. Vojnits et al., Arthropoda collected at 160 W MV lamp, No. 320 (Teleki expedition) (Holotype 3) (HNHM); Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kivu, Terr. Mwenga, Kitutu, 650 m alt. (lumiere), IV.1958, N. Leleup (Paratype 3') (MRAC). Diagnosis. The elongated and slender shape of the male cerci — thickened in the middle with an inner dent —and the 10" abdominal tergite forming two long down- curved processes are unique. Description. Male. Typical Poreuomena species with wings protruding over the body by only a few mm. Where tegmina meet when folded, interior part of cells of dark colour while surrounding and elevated veins green (or tawny in preserved insect). Rs branching off in the first half of the basal part of the tegmen. Tegmina with two flaps at their bases, the flap of the left wing smaller and more pointed than the broader flap with a rounded tip on the right tegmen. Left flap completely marked brown, right one partly brown, especially along the bulge of the stridulatory file on the underside (Fig. 57). Beneath flaps, tegmina with narrow longish, dark brown markings. Stridulatory file on the underside of left flap about 1.2 mm long; upcurved at the inner end with few smaller and wide- ly-spaced teeth (about 5), in the middle part with wide- ly set large teeth (about 12) and, at the apical end, with densely-set teeth decreasing in size (about 10-12); distal end strongly curved downwards (Fig. 58). Stridulatory file on the right tegminal flap not as strongly developed, but of similar shape and the same arrangement of the teeth. The 10" abdominal tergite forming at the anterior part two convex bulges, at its posterior end differentiated into two long and slender and downcurved processes (Figs 60, 61). Cerci strongly elongated, in the middle thickened with an inner sclerotised dent. Subgenital plate bilobate (Fig. 59). Female. Unknown. Measurements (mm). Males (n = 2). Body length: 18.2-18.6; pronotum length: 3.9-4.05; length hind fem- ora: 19.3-19.6; length of tegmina: 28.6—29.15; tegmina width: 4.98—5.0. Distribution. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Etymology. Named after the long and slender male cerci. Poreuomena huxleyi Massa, 2013 Figs 62-64 Poreuomena huxleyi Massa, 2013. J. Orth. Res. 22: 140; type locality: Equatorial Guinea, Fernando Poo, Santa Isabel (MNCN). Material examined. Equatorial Guinea, Bioko (Fer- nando Poo), Santa Isabel (3' holotype) (MCNM); Cam- eroon, Gulf of Guinea Is, Bioko (Fernando Poo), Santa Isabel (Malabo) (13) (NHMW). Diagnosis. This species is easy to recognise by the short apical lobes on the 10" tergite of the male and cerci clearly upcurved and with a lateral spine. The most close- ly-related species 1s P africana, which, however, has much longer lobes of the 10" abdominal tergite and more robust cerci. dez.pensoft.net 60 Claudia Hemp & Bruno Massa: Biogeography and revision of Cestromoecha and Poreuomena (Orthoptera) | Se a | SN / x e Figures 52-56. Morphological details of male P. gladiator (= P. forcipata) (lectotypus). Habitus (52), stridulatory file on the un- derside of left tegminal flap (53), stridulatory area (54), dorsal view (55) and ventral view (56) on apex. Arrow in Fig. 55 shows the asymmetrical spine. Description. Typical Poreuomena species with nar- row tegmina surpassed by the alae by a few mm (Fig. 62). Stridulatory area marked brown (Fig. 64). Two spines are present on the ventral margin of the hind femora. The api- cal lobes of the 10" tergite are short and square, separated widely (Fig. 63); the cerci are in- and downcurved, dor- so-ventrally flattened in the apical portion where a lateral Spine is present. Colour. P. huxleyi is brownish coloured, with green tegmina and hind tibiae; a black marking 1s typical at the base of the tegmina and some small black spots on the posterior margin of the tegmina. Distribution. Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon. Poreuomena ivoriana sp. nov. http://zoobank.org/EFB42F6B-2 19C-4608-86A D-CF0469B0B3B9 Figs 65-69 Material examined. Cote d’ Ivoire, Tai National Park, Re- search Station 22 III-4.IV.2017 (light) (3 holotype) (BMPC). dez.pensoft.net Diagnosis. P. ivoriana sp. nov. 1s a comparatively small species of Poreuomena, characterised by its green colour, the blackish triangular areas on the left and right tegmina (Fig. 65) and incurved cerci with a flattened inner process (Figs 67, 68). Probably morphological- ly related to P. /amottei distributed further west in Af- rica. The male cerci of both species are differentiated into flattened structures in both species, however, more pronounced in P. ivoriana sp. nov. The 10™ abdominal tergite 1s very different in both species. While in males of P. lamottei, the posterior margin of the 10" abdominal tergite forms two comparatively long and, at their tips, downcurved processes, in P. ivoriana sp. nov. only two short lobes are developed. Description. Male. Green coloured with a faint blackish stripe on the stridulatory area; the triangular area Close to the stridulatory file above the left tegmen and the corresponding area on the right tegmen are black. Antennae thin, fastigium of the vertex separat- ed from the fastigium of the frons, face smooth, eyes round, prominent. Pronotum with a flat and smooth disc, Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 68 (1) 2021, 45-79 Figures 57-61. Morphological details of male Poreuomena gracilicercata sp. nov. Head, pronotum and stridulatory area (57), strid- ulatory file on the underside of the left tegminal flap (58), subgenital plate (59), lateral (60) and rear view (61) on apex. the anterior margin straight, the posterior margin broad- ly rounded. Tegmina narrow, ca. 5.8 times broader than long, stridulatory area of the left tegmen short. The flap of the left tegmen comparatively broad (damaged in the holotype) (Fig. 65). The corresponding flap on the right tegmen also broad. Stridulatory file 0.3 mm long, with ca. 45 little arched teeth which are more evenly spaced at their base than at the apex (Fig. 66). Fore coxa armed with a small spine, fore femora with 4 small spines on ventral inner margins, mid femora with 4—5 small spines on ventral outer margins, hind femora with 2—3 rows of small ventral spines distally. Fore tibiae with tympa- dez.pensoft.net 62 Claudia Hemp & Bruno Massa: Biogeography and revision of Cestromoecha and Poreuomena (Orthoptera) -~ 5 ’ Set 4 » we 64 Figures 62-64. Morphological details of male Poreuomena huxleyi. Habitus (62), lateral view on apex (63), stridulatory area (64). num conchate on inner and open on the outer side, with 2—3 small spines on inner margins, mid tibiae with 9-10 small spines on outer and inner margins, hind tibiae with numerous spines and 3 apical spurs on each side. Last abdominal tergite flattened and enlarged with two apical small pointed processes, cerci stout, short and incurved, before their tips, they have an inner flattened process (Figs 67-69). Subgenital plate long with a narrow con- cavity and two parallel pointed processes; styli absent (Fig. 69). Measurements (mm). Male. Body length: 19.0; pro- notum length: 4.1; pronotum height: 2.3; length hind fem- ora: 18.2; length of tegmina: 23.3; width of tegmina: 4.0. Etymology. P. ivoriana sp. nov. is named after the Cote dIvoire. dez.pensoft.net Distribution. Presently known only from the Tai Na- tional Park (Céte dIvoire). Poreuomena laeglae (Massa, 2015) stat. nov. Figs 70-73 Poreuomena laeglae Massa, 2015. ZooKeys 524: 38; type locality: Cdte d'Ivoire, Tuba, Biémasso (MSNG). Material examined. Cote d’Ivoire, Tuba, Biémasso (441 m) 9.VII.2014 (UV trap) (4 holotype) (MSNG); same locality, 7-11. VII.2014 (3 paratype, 9 allotype); same locality, 9.VII.2014 (4 paratype); Céte d’ Ivoire, Tai National Park Research Station 18.11.2017 (1<); Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 68 (1) 2021, 45-79 63 Figures 65—69. Morphological details of male Poreuomena ivoriana sp. nov. Stridulatory area (65), stridulatory file on the under- side of the left tegminal flap (66), view on male cerci in dorsal (67) and lateral view (68), subgenital plate (69). Cote d’Ivoire, Mt. Tonkoui 31.X.2018 (12) (BMCP); Liberia, Lofa County, Wologizi Mts. (611 m alt.) 20.XI- 1.XII.2017 (MV Light trap) (2); Liberia, Lofa County, Wologizi Mts. (611 m alt.) 24-29. X1.2017 (Light Catode Trap) (13); Liberia, Lofa County, Foya Proposed Pro- tected Area (530 m alt.) 10-19. XI.2017 (MV light Trap) (6<);, Liberia, Sinoe County, 6.5 km NW Jacksonville Forest near Solve Problem Vill. (103 m alt.) 23—27.1.2018 (MV Light trap) (23') (ANHRT). Diagnosis. P. /aeglae was described in the genus Ces- tromoecha, but it actually belongs to the genus Poreu- omena because it has two well-developed tegminal flaps and no mirror. The Rs vein branches off near the base and not past the middle as typical for Cestromoecha. It dez.pensoft.net 64 Claudia Hemp & Bruno Massa: Biogeography and revision of Cestromoecha and Poreuomena (Orthoptera) ae Figures 70—74. Morphological details of male Poreuomena laeglae stat. nov. Head, pronotum and part of abdomen in lateral view (70), stridulatory file on the underside of the left tegminal flap (71), lateral view on cerci and 10" abdominal tergite (72), cerci lateral view (73), subgenital plate and cerci (74). Arrow in Fig. 72 shows the small asymmetrical spine. dez.pensoft.net Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 68 (1) 2021, 45-79 is morphologically most closely related to P. forcipata (both species share an asymmetrical supra-anal plate with a spine on the left side) and also to P. magnicer- ca and P. tshuapa sp. nov. The cerci of the males are differentiated into two branches in the first two species, with a finger-like apical or outer branch and a blade-like expanded inner branch, however, differently shaped be- tween P. laeglae and P. forcipata. In P. magnicerca and P. tshuapa sp. nov., the third blade-like branch or expan- sion 1S present giving the expression of the cerci having three branches. The flaps on the left tegmina bearing the stridulatory files on the underside are differently shaped between P. tshuapa sp. nov. (oval and pointed) and P. magnicerca (laterally slightly expanded and not point- ed) as is the shape of the stridulatory file itself supporting species status for P. tshuapa sp. nov. The 10" abdominal tergites, however, are very similar amongst these four species since they are rather undifferentiated with a more or less straight posterior margin and thus very likely de- rived from the bilobed condition as the generic character of the genus Poreuomena. The stridulatory file of P. /aeglae is similar to that of P. magnicerca with a distal part with less and more wide- ly-spaced teeth than in the proximal part (Massa 2015). Description. Typical Poreuomena species with elon- gated habitus. Fore and mid femora with 4—5 very small spines, fore tibiae with 3 ventral spines + 1 spur on each side, mid tibiae with 6—7 ventral spines + 1 spur on each side, hind tibiae with 3 spurs on each side. Ventral mar- gins of hind femora with 2 small basal spines. Tegmina narrow, stridulatory area of left tegmen black and straight; stridulatory file downcurved with ca. 50 teeth, distal part with asymmetrical and widely-spaced teeth (Fig. 71). The 10" tergite slightly bilobate with an asymmetrical su- pra-anal plate having a spine on the left side at the margin (Fig. 72, arrow) (similar to P. forcipata, Fig. 55, arrow). Cerci stout, long and incurved, with the basal part round- ed and the apical part flattened and pointed (Fig. 72); in the middle, with a well-developed flattened large inner spine, blackish at the tips (Fig. 73). Subgenital plate con- cave, triangular and long, with a deep concavity, process- es almost parallel (Fig. 74). Colour. Probably predominantly green when alive, brown to tawny when preserved. Stridulatory area of left tegmen and area below black. Small black spots are pres- ent on the posterior margins of the tegmina. Two longitu- dinal parallel dark lines are present on the outer surface of the hind femora. Measurements (mm). Males. Body length: 18.5—19.4; pronotum length: 4.04.2; pronotum height: 3.4—3.6; hind femur: 18.2—20.7; tegmina: 26.4—27.5. Female. Body length: 21.7; pronotum length: 4.0; pronotum height: 3.4; hind femur: 20.8; tegmina: 29.4; Ovipositor: 6.1. Distribution. Presently only known from the Ivory Coast and Liberia in West Africa. 65 Poreuomena lamottei Chopard, 1954 Figs 75-79 Poreuomena lamottei Chopard, 1954. Mem. Inst. franc. Afr. Noire 40(2): 40; type locality: Guinea, Nimba, N’zo (MNHN). Material examined. Cote d’Ivoire, Azagny National Park (light trap) (33); Céte d’Ivoire, Tai National Park, Res. Station 5-10. VII.2015 (light trap) (14) (NHM). Diagnosis. P. /amottei has a similar 10" abdominal tergite as P. eala sp. nov., but the lobes are much narrower and have a large gap between them in P. /amottei. In ad- dition, the male cerci are similar between the two species, stout and upcurved at their tips, however, with bifid tips in P. eala sp. nov. Description. Typical Poreuomena species with stridu- latory area marked dark brown (Fig. 75). The stridulato- ry file is arched and consists of about 60 teeth, of which roughly 30 large teeth are situated in the distal part and 30 smaller and evenly-spaced teeth in the proximal part (Fig. 76). The last tergite is differentiated into two stout and downcurved processes (Figs 77, 78); the subgenital plate is elongated with two outcurved lobes (Fig. 79); the cerci are stout and incurved and possess an apical flat tip with three short processes (Fig. 78). Distribution. Guinea, Ghana (Chopard 1954; Naskrec- ki 2009) and Ivory Coast (Massa 2017). Poreuomena magnicerca (Massa, 2013) stat. nov. Figs 80-85 Poreuomena magnicerca Massa, 2013. J. Orth. Res. 22: 142; type locali- ty: Central African Republic, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park (MSNG). Material examined. Central African Republic, Dzan- ga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, UV trap, 6—8.II.2012 (Holotype 3) (MSNG); same data (paratype <4); same data 11—-12.11.2012 (paratype <); same data 20-23. 11.2012 (paratype @); Central African Republic, Dzan- ga-Ndoki NP, Mboki 24.1.2012 (2 paratypes <); Central African Republic, Dzanga-Ndoki NP, Ndoki, Lake 1, camp 1, 15—16.J1.2012 (2 paratypes 3) (BMCP); Cen- tral African Republic, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Camp 1, 27-28.1.2005 (light) (1); Central African Republic, Dzanga-Ndoki NP, Lake 1, 22—23.X1.2010, 30.XI-1.XII.2010 (light) (2¢') (PAPC); Central A fri- can Republic, Dzanga-Ndoki NP, Lake 1, 1—2.I/.2012, A4—5 11.2012, 9-10.11.2012, 12—13.11.2012, 14—15.11.2012 17-18.11.2012, 19—20.11.2012, 23-24.11.2012 (light) (63, 4°); Central African Republic, Dzanga-Ndoki NP, Lake 7, 29 II-1III.2012 (light) (14') (BMPC & PAPC). Diagnosis. Compare diagnoses at P. /aeglae, P. tshua- pa sp. nov., and P. forcipata. Description. P. magnicerca was described in the genus Cestromoecha, but actually belongs to the genus dez.pensoft.net 66 Claudia Hemp & Bruno Massa: Biogeography and revision of Cestromoecha and Poreuomena (Orthoptera) Figures 75-79. Morphological details of male Poreuomena lamottei. Stridulatory area (75), stridulatory file on the underside of the left tegminal flap (76), lateral (77) and dorsal view (78) on apex of abdomen, subgenital plate (79). Figures 80-85. Morphological details of male Poreuomena magnicerca stat. nov. Stridulatory file on the underside of the left tegminal flap (80), stridulatory area with closed (81) and left opened wing (82), lateral (83) and dorsal view on apex (84), subgenital plate (85). dez.pensoft.net Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 68 (1) 2021, 45-79 Poreuomena since sharing all generic characters with this genus and lacking a mirror on the right tegmen, typical for Cestromoecha. The stridulatory area of the left tegmen is black (Figs 80, 81); the stridulatory file is long and straight and has about 50 teeth (Fig. 82) and is clearly longer and has smaller teeth than C. /ongicerca. The cerci are stout, long and incurved, with the basal part rounded and the apical part pointed; they appear trifid because, subapically, they have a well-developed upper laterally flattened bulge and an inner long spine (Figs 83, 84). The subgenital plate is concave, triangular and elongated, with a deep concavity and with processes positioned very close to each other (Fig. 85). Colour. Probably predominantly green when alive, brown to tawny when preserved. The stridulatory area of the left tegmen and the area below black. Small black spots are present on the posterior margins of the tegmina. Measurements (mm). Males. Body length: 19.5- 21.0; pronotum length: 3.9-4.0; pronotum height: 3.4— 3.6; length of hind femora: 19.4—21.7; length of tegmina: 30.3—33.0. Females. Body length: 17.7—21.0; pronotum length: 4.14.9; pronotum height: 3.1-4.0; length of hind fem- ora: 18.8—21.7; length of tegmina: 27.7—29.2; width of tegmina: 4.6—5.0; length of ovipositor: 5.1—5.9. Distribution. Known only from the Central African Republic. Poreuomena matthaei sp. nov. http://zoobank.org/68478863-55B7-4E99-BF95-3D987B9FE8D4 Figs 86-90 Material examined. Gabon, Lope National Park, Ogooue-Ivindo 4.1V.2014, Ecotrop Team (4 holo- type) (BMPC). Diagnosis. P. matthaei sp. nov. is a comparatively large Poreuomena species, characterised by its yellowish colour, whitish triangular areas on the left and the right tegmina and incurved cerci with a flattened blackish tip. The 10" abdominal tergite is similar to that of P. graci- licercata sp. nov. Both species, however, have different- ly-shaped male cerci. While all other Poreuomena spe- cies have flaps at the bases of the tegmina, in P. matthaei sp. nov. only the area at the base of the right tegmen is developed as a flap, while on the right side, a bulge is present (Fig. 86). Description. Male. Yellowish-cream coloured with a faint blackish stripe on the stridulatory area (Fig. 86); the triangular area close to the stridulatory file above the left tegmen and the corresponding area on the right tegmen are whitish. Antennae thin, fastigium of the vertex separated from the fastigium of the frons, face smooth, eyes round, prominent. Pronotum with a flat and smooth disc, the anterior margin straight, the poste- rior margin broadly rounded (Fig. 86). Tegmina narrow, ca. 10.7< broader than long; stridulatory area of the left tegmen comparatively long for the genus. Stridulato- ry file 0.5 mm long, with ca. 70 slightly arched teeth 67 which are more evenly spaced at their base than at the apex (Fig. 87). Fore coxa armed, fore femora with 4 small spines on the ventral inner margins, mid femo- ra with 5—6 small spines on the ventral outer margins, hind femora with 3—4 rows of small ventral spines dis- tally. Fore tibiae with the tympanum conchate on the inner and open on the outer side, with 3—4 small spines on the inner margins, mid tibiae with 3—4 small spines on the outer margins, hind tibiae with numerous spines and 3 apical spurs on each side. Last abdominal terg- ite flattened and enlarged (Figs 88, 89), cerci basally stout, long and incurved, their tips blackish and flat- tened. Subgenital plate elongated with two roundish lobes (Fig. 90). Female. Unknown. Measurements (mm). Males. Body length: 23.6; pro- notum length: 4.8; pronotum height: 2.7; length hind fem- ora: 22.8; length of tegmina: 32.0; width of tegmina: 3.0. Etymology. P. matthaei sp. nov. is dedicated to the late Matteo Griggio, who at the age of 43 left us on 14 May 2020 due to an aneurysm. Matteo was a lively be- havioural ecologist who was also very committed to na- ture conservation, curious about every particular aspect of nature, including Orthoptera as a food source for the Rock Sparrow in Sardinia. Distribution. Presently known only from the Lope National Park (Gabon). Poreuomena sanghensis Massa, 2013 Figs 91-96 Poreuomena sanghensis Massa, 2013. J. Orth. Res. 22: 140; type locali- ty: Central African Republic, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park (MSNG). Material examined. Central African Republic, Dzan- ga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, UV trap, 10—12.II.2012 (holotype 4) (MSNG); same data 20-23.11.2012 (al- lotype 9); same data 8-10.1I.2012 (paratype <); same data 20—23.11.2012 (5 paratypes 3); same data 31 .I-2. 11.2012 (1 paratype <@) (BMPC); Central African Re- public, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, border of Lake 1, 13-14.11.2012 (2 paratypes 3’) (BMPC); Central Af- rican Republic, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, camp 1, 14-15.1I.2012 (paratype 3’) (BMCP); Central African Republic, Dzanga-Sangha SR, Camp 3, 4-6. 11.2005 (23); 10-11.X.2008; Camp 1, 14-15.X.2008 (light) (24) (PAPC); Central African Republic, Dz- anga-Ndoki NP, Lake 1, 30.XI-1.XII.2010 (light) (1); Central African Republic, Dzanga-Ndoki NP, Lake 1, 25—26.1.2012 (light), 9-10.11.2012, 10-11.11.2012, 14— 15.11.2012 (light) (6¢') (BMPC & PAPC). Cameroon, Campo Ma’an National Park (lowland rainforest) (950 m alt.) 10—22.11.2018 (MV Light Trap), Fotsing, Ishmael, Miles, Safian (16'); Cameroon, Campo Ma’an Nation- al Park (lowland rainforest) (950 m alt.) 10—22.11.2018 (UV Cold Cathode Light Trap), Fotsing, Ishmael, Miles, Safian (2¢'); Gabon, Mikongo (Rougier), Mts de Cristal (secondary forest) (430 m alt.) 28. VII-12. VIHI.2019 (MV dez.pensoft.net 68 Claudia Hemp & Bruno Massa: Biogeography and revision of Cestromoecha and Poreuomena (Orthoptera) r Figures 86-90. Morphological details of male Poreuomena matthaei sp. nov. Head, pronotum and stridulatory area (86), stridu- latory file on the underside of the left tegminal flap lateral (87), lateral (88) and rear view on apex (89) and subgenital plate (90). dez.pensoft.net Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 68 (1) 2021, 45-79 69 Figures 91-96. Morphological details of male Poreuomena sanghensis. Habitus (91), stridulatory area (92), stridulatory file on the underside of the left tegminal flap (93), rear (94) and lateral (95) view on apex, subgenital plate (96). dez.pensoft.net 70 Claudia Hemp & Bruno Massa: Biogeography and revision of Cestromoecha and Poreuomena (Orthoptera) Light Trap), Albert, Aristophanous, Bie Mba, Dérozier, Moretto (3) (ANHRT). Diagnosis. Small and fragile species, green (alive) or brown (preserved) coloured, with a brown-reddish upper area of the abdominal tergites. The 10" abdominal tergite of P. sanghensis is similar to P. wilverthi, however, not downcurved, but produced posteriorly with a deep medi- an fold. The male cerci are also similar between these two species, however, much more fragile-built in P. sanghensis. Description. Typical Poreuomena species with an elongate habitus (Fig. 91). Stridulatory area of the left tegmen short and straight (Fig. 92). The stridulatory file has ca. 40 teeth, of which 7—8 are proximally placed nearly perpendicularly to the others (Fig. 93). The ventral margins of the hind femora have 2 spines. The 10" tergite ends with two short reddish rounded flat lobes with an in- ner spine (Figs 94, 95); the cerci have a wide round base, with an inner spine, then becoming narrower; upcurved and pointed apically (Figs 94-96). The male subgenital plate is stout, the processes are slender and incurved, forming a circular space between them (Fig. 96). Colour. Predominantly green when alive, brown to tawny when preserved; dorsal area of abdominal tergites brown-reddish. A black marking is present at the base of the tegmina of the male, absent in the female. Measurements (mm). Males. Body length: 15.2- 17.5; pronotum length: 3.0-3.2; pronotum height: 2.5— 2.7; length hind femora: 16.0—18.8; length of tegmina: 23.6-24.8. Female. Body length: 19.4; pronotum length: 3.3; pro- notum height: 2.8; length of hind femora: 19.2; length of tegmina: 30.0; length of ovipositor: 3.9. Distribution. Central African Republic (Dzan- ga-Ndoki National Park and Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve), Cameroon (Massa 2013; 2015), and Gabon (Massa, 1n press). Poreuomena tshuapa sp. nov. http://zoobank.org/EEE36B7E-C2 18-44 AB-A00B-2DEA756A6460 Figs 97-100 Material examined. Democratic Republic of the Con- go, Tshuapa, Bokungu 1949, M. Dupuis (Holotype <); same data as holotype (Paratype <); Democratic Repub- lic of the Congo, Haut-Lopori V-VI 1927, J. Ghesquiére (Paratype 3') (MRAC). Diagnosis. Similar in the outer male genitalic appa- ratus to P. magnicerca from further west in the Congo Basin. Differentiated from P. forcipata and P. laeglae by a different 10° abdominal tergite which is clearly divid- ed into two lobes in P. forcipata, while P. tshuapa sp. nov. only has small humps and the posterior margin of the 10° abdominal tergite of P /aeglae is more-or-less straight. P. forcipata has male cerci differentiated into two branches, an outer rather blunt, finger-like part and an inner blade-like expanded branch with an acute tip, similar to the inner branch of P. tshuapa sp. nov. and dez.pensoft.net P. magnicerca. However, P. tshuapa sp. nov. has an addi- tional branch just below the finger-like part of the cerci, absent in P. forcipata, but also present in P. magnicer- ca (also see diagnosis at P. /aeglae). In P. magnicerca, the blade-like subapical section or the “third” branch is more roundish and larger than in P. tshuapa sp. nov. and the subgenital plate differs between these two species. In P. tshuapa sp. nov., the subgenital plate is bilobate with the processes clearly separated, while in P. magnicerca, the lobes of the subgenital plate are shorter and situated more closely to each other. Further, in P. forcipata and P. laeglae, asymmetrical spines are present on the left side of the supra-anal plates. Description. Male. Probably predominantly green when alive, preserved specimens of tawny colour (Fig. 97). Where tegmina meet when folded, interior part of cells of dark colour while surrounding and el- evated veins green/tawny. Typical Poreuomena species with Rs branching off from the radius near the base. The tegmina have two typical well-developed flaps at their base, the flap on the left side smaller and more pointed than the flap on the right tegmen. Beneath the flaps, tegmina with narrow longish brown markings are typical for several Poreuomena species. The stridula- tory file on the left tegminal flap is about 1.5 mm long with small broadly-spaced inner teeth becoming gradu- ally larger and are more densely set (Fig. 98). The last third consists of very densely packed teeth becoming smaller again; the apical part is strongly curved. All-in- all, the stridulatory file consists of about 70-80 teeth. Stridulatory file on the underside of the right tegmen not as well-developed, but similar in shape and size and arrangement of the teeth. The 10" abdominal tergite has almost a straight posterior margin with only two bump-like structures laterally (Fig. 99). The cerci are stout, divided at their apical part into three branch- es: a subapical blade located just beneath the second elongated, finger-like branch and an inner blade-like or leaf-like expanded branch with sclerotised margins (Figs 99, 100). The subgenital plate is elongated and deeply divided into two lobes; without styli (Fig. 100). Between the subgenital plate and the cerci, two longish internal structures are present (titillators). Female. Unknown. Measurements (mm). Males (n = 3). Body length: 17.7-18.2; pronotum length: 3.8—4.1; length hind femora: 20.3—21.2; length of tegmina 29.6—30.4; width of tegmi- na: 4.6—5.0. Distribution. Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tsh- uapa Province. Poreuomena wilverthi Griffini, 1908 Figs 101-107 Poreuomena wilverthi Griffini, 1908. Mem. Soc. entom. Belgique, Bruxelles 15: 85; type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo, Umangi (RBINS). Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 68 (1) 2021, 45-79 71 Figures 97-100. Morphological details of male Poreuomena tshuapa sp. nov. Habitus (97), stridulatory file on the underside of the left tegminal flap (98), different views on apex with cerci (99, 100). Material examined. Democratic Republic of Congo, Umangi [X-X1.1896 (¢ holotype) (RBINS). Central Af- rican Republic, Lesse, Lt. Bonnevie (1 <4); Democratic Republic of Congo, Binga, 8-III-1932, H. J. Bredo (1 @) (MRAC); Democratic Republic of the Congo, N Lac Kivu, Rwankwi, IV 1948, J. V. Leroy (MRAC); Dem- ocratic Republic of the Congo, Yamgambi, 15.6.1949, Rev Pére, J. K. A. van Boven (1 3) (MRAC); Democrat- ic Republic of the Congo, Yambata, I/II -1914, Dr Gi- orgi (24) (MRAC); Democratic Republic of the Congo, 180 km W from Bukavu, rainforest, 14.V.1988, leg. A. Vojnits et al., Arthropoda collected at 160 W MV lamp, No. 320 and 326 (Teleki expedition) (16') (HNHM). Re-description. Male. Typical Poreuomena species with wings protruding over the body by only a few mm (Figs 101, 102). Where tegmina meet when folded, interi- or part of cells of dark colour while surrounding and ele- vated veins green (tawny in preserved insect). Rs branch- ing off in the first half of the basal part of the tegmen. Tegmina with two flaps at their base, the flap of the left wing smaller and more pointed than the broader flap with a rounded tip on the right tegmen. The stridulatory rib and surrounding part of the flap of the left tegmen marked dark brown, few patches of brown on right tegmen. Area beneath flap with large brown marking. Stridulatory file on the underside of left flap about 1.2 mm long; the area at the inner side of the file strongly curved; with a few small widely-set teeth (Fig. 103). This part is followed to about the middle of the file by about 16-18 large and increasingly more densely-set large teeth changing then to about 40 or more very densely-set teeth decreasing in size apically. Stridulatory file on the right tegminal flap not as strongly developed, but of similar shape and the same arrangement of the teeth. The 10 abdominal tergite a rounded flap with a median groove and an indentation at the posterior margin giving the structure a bilobate shape (Figs 106, 107). The cerci are thick and slightly incurved with a very narrow and pointed tip (Figs 104-107). The subgenital plate is bilobate with short lobes with rounded tips (Fig. 105). Between the subgenital plate and the cer- ci, thick blade-like titillators are present (Fig. 107). Female. Unknown. Measurements (mm). Males (n = 7). Body length: 17.2-19.5; pronotum length: 3.7-4.0; pronotum height: 2.6—3.0; length hind femora: 18.5—23.2; length of tegmi- na: 27.9-30.0. Width of tegmina: 3.8—5.1. Distribution. Widespread west of the Albertine rift into the area of the Central African Republic. dez.pensoft.net 72 Claudia Hemp & Bruno Massa: Biogeography and revision of Cestromoecha and Poreuomena (Orthoptera) Figures 101-107. Morphological details of male Poreuomena wilverthi. Habitus (101, syntype, 102), stridulatory file on the underside of the left tegmen (103), lateral view on apex (104), subgenital plate (105), apex ventral-lateral (106) and dorsal-lateral view (107). dez.pensoft.net Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 68 (1) 2021, 45-79 73 Remarks. At present only the holotype was known. _ considerably enlarges the known area of distribution of The new material studied coming from the Natural Histo- this species (Fig. 111). ry Museum of Budapest and the Africamuseum Tervuren Key to the species of Poreuomenini (males) phe 17° Teeniina broads ratioslensthAwicitht 7b 26 25 sd a IP sich chads MMe LEE ee a Paraporeuomena signata Massa, 2018 Tegmina narrow, ratio length/width 6 to 8.75 (Cestromoecha 7.25-7.4; Poreuomena 6.1 (P. wiverthi — 8.75 P. biaculeata STE RONG) Mena h oe Sas eelediede RP Ag nah thay caiviawle ota tthe er ededliseeee AM Aduaay ecaduanhh eriodonee evade demas Ps S8gred burn ons cian er cake ehhaey ocedaises see, 2 Mirror present, Rs branching off at the middle or past the middle of the tegmen....................ccccceeeeceeeececeeesseeaeeeesenenees (ONETSY # 61 4) of 2) 61 9c Bye FERRERS S eg eae eed EPO CL OEE coe ary PERE TULDENT S Got on eter PPE EPMO ANTS Severe necy FEELERS co cee eee FRR Seo tees eee EER SD 3 Mirror absent, Rs branching off near the base of the tegimehn..............ccccceccececeececeseeeeseececeeseseseececeeesseececeeeeseseeueeeeseneeaes FORGUOMIS Malis. gat Me tetiatinde ll pet aha ee He MERA ted ieee Ry aice ant EN GY oe ay mel Rt WE 3 han ln A MEATY Retail emia ae nt tie ae 4 Cerci strongly curved downward at base and then sharply bent upwards, at tips very acute (Fig. 13)......... C. longicerca Cerci rather short and of normal shape, slightly in- and upbent at tips (Figs 19, 20) ....... ccc ccc cence eee e es C. tenuipes 10" abdominal tergite bilobed; cerci not differentiated into well-developed branches (sometimes with flattened tips)....5 10" abdominal tergite broad and with straight or slightly incurved posterior margin, but not bilobate; cerci differentiated hte Wie Or Tecra PiGal DPAMGMOGa cere faves «ca Ness suki tee eee Fe enc Hate CONC ADIN eB sao 8s cccye meh a eMac s PaMea! aston Gewese’ TREE leas Melee G ake 16 10" abdominal tergite deeply divided into two lobes or INtO PrOCeSSES ..........cccccccc ccc ceeeceeseceeeeeeeeeueceeuecesueaeeesgeeeeuseusneas 6 10'" abdominal tergite flap-like and not deeply divided into two IODES Or PLOCESSES ......... cc cc cec ees ee eee ee eee eaeeeeaeeeeaeaeeneaens 9 Processes of 10 abdominal tergite long and downcurved; cerci very elongated, but stout with an inner dent about mid- UG FI SOO Ma eevee Sead ahbesahs hah la natangtetqecn dete lnellectne dni pctren rable eplsesieh atta naptetqansnce leaned: Ades iaecte dake x ckeul eae: P. gracilicercata sp. nov. Processes of 10‘ abdominal tergite much shorter and stouter; cerci not very elongated but of different shapes......... 7 10" abdominal tergite with two short and stout processes from which each a lobe is arising (Fig. 63)............. P, huxleyi 10 abdominal tergite with two processes without additional lODES ........ 0... ccc ccc ccc cece eee eeec eee e een eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeseeeeesneeneenes 8 Processes of 10‘ abdominal tergite short and stout, only slightly downcurved (Fig. 25). Cerci stout at base, tips differ- entiated into two branches, one elongated and spine-like upbent, the other stouter and bent inwardly (Figs 25-27)...... shies dimaacpir ois dd Sgutit Se ettronhsncecpeaielnd Germgo SUSU inden Wats 6 Remmand op ebedlagaeihneed 5 West ew athe unncanep alg 2 feasaog Sulit < nigh oeeEt leema 8 cee eaiace ac wncses Ae Seog P, africana Processes of 10 abdominal tergite more slender, evenly downcurved (Fig. 77); cerci with broadened and flattened tips HSCS EPAL SE MLE PS SP CHA teLMS Sa Cpe PRO x wcpte stair ves ney etd elagvn natine gee vedo Achebe ofaatendeleotelns se niey Mees aim aot vteyechlerd vba aba ae ety eatatephe de P. lamottei COhC VEE ORS LOLs NOS of n't ob eeten nation ta harinetaabhammsannatactnt ach eetcemnn IMP ags he Bact rnunhe Gatno Ac Ee aren nll? ots eee Laas cernstte: 10 Cerci pointed, flattened, or with bent apices but not differentiated into tWO TIPS ............ccccc ccc ecc sec ece eee eee eee eeeeseseeeneeners 11 10" abdominal tergite differentiated into two thickened bulges that are slightly downcurved (Fig. 48)..... P, eala sp. nov. 10" abdominal tergite flap-like with median groove along length (Fig. 33) ...........cccccccceccc eee eeea eee eees P, biaculeata sp. nov. Cerci:slender, evenly tapering a nd wit aACuTest OS: 0.2515 Saceemen dtl paeliascabhae« opiate #94081 c04 184 8. ectien on add Mast ab baccdetenh edad ehacu sett 12 Cercitlattened, blunt orcwith acute-angle-at Tips. oes a A ee RR Shey od ee a Sy 14 Cerci very slender evenly tapering to tips; 10‘ abdominal tergite with elevated margins and deep median groove; medi- ally at posterior margin with u-shaped incision with two acute tips at each side (Fig. 95)..........cccceeeeeee eee es P, sanghensis Cerci more stout along whole length with strongly narrowed acute tips (Figs 104-106); 10 abdominal tergite not with (aN (SN FoMe el Gd AACE 1A 4 NARS RL tn. lee.c arc Pika des melts dine Ae le capt a ha aia bet bor hed seb ctl leh nthe 2 hose ia Deng ohy.c th he earl dpe aby P, wilverthi Cerci laterally: theatiemee carts ocee sag csimisat ctrecaaehecyseciilane ee Shab enery sodisiden eee agar bh later seitisaede ladacnn wary socmaneerreadeeee ants soctssteaet 14 Cerciwiths Blunt OreaCutevlOSnst.cty- ncthedhdel 9. Baste eee Wenaseteus eee oeadel is scored cs a feastd acti worded coe see eke ca es 15 Cerci flattened laterally in apical third, with an inner apical flange and a blunt outer tip (Fig. 67); 10‘ abdominal tergite broad with two closely set rounded bulges at posterior Margin (Fig. O7).........ccccceceececeec eee eeeeeeneeeeneeees P, ivoriana Sp. nov. Cerci flattened from base onwards, tips narrowed and curved, sclerotised and with acute tips (Fig. 40); 10‘ abdominal tergite a flap with median depression (Figs 39, 40)............ccccccccsccecseeeceeseceegeeeeeeueeesgeeesaeauausanansanaes P. crassipes stat. nov. Cerci with a strong angle at tips (Figs 43, 44); 10 abdominal tergite a downcurved flap (Fig. 42)...............0. P, duponti Cerci with a blunt sclerotised tip, evenly incurved (Fig. 88); 10 abdominal tergite flap-like with a shallow tip medially Gh POSTEHOK Mane Che: OO", ck gecblave carbene ear oestlinte rer apenas sosklishe seme eh un yacest blag ye peor outay aobtieee P, matthael sp. nov. Cercirditferentia leds mito WG: Draileness:c..r cece ce feoSac Seeanh wes a PeSegs ses Loh Pe 5 Phat Segal SRSE betas las SRASSES Ye Fhe eden anal aba Tamed se 17 Cerci- differentiated. inte: three branches (Fig. 99) ....cci.ssecccciea ce eschecdensa ston seceet #2d0ELccbsbu tks dectehosedshbaceecabs P, tshuapa sp. nov. Cerci with two branches and an inner flange (FigS 83-85) ...........ccccc ccc ccc sec eec ees ees eee eeeteeceeseeneenees P, magnicerca stat. nov. Cerchwith- WO a raniciesS: WitNOU tei) ICR Ait: elie tA tgp rad ei bers dubs 00 Le cceend artes ful sore nclad Ras seatieecs Ady hiccearhick uetun! 18 Spine on left side of supra-anal plate long and conspicuous (Fig. 55); finger-like apical branch of cerci downwards ori- entated- (Figs 55, 56), shorter compared to P: faéglae, with: POINTER TID: .....c.c2s..-cc se ges de endaeteccarse eneesscrnnsiewncdes P. forcipata Spine on left side of supra-anal plate small (Fig. 72, arrow); finger-like apical branch of cerci flattened and large, orien- tated backwards and thus on one level with the basal part of the cerci (Figs 72, 73) .........ccccccceee eee es P, laeglae stat. nov. dez.pensoft.net 74 Claudia Hemp & Bruno Massa: Biogeography and revision of Cestromoecha and Poreuomena (Orthoptera) rs ee Sudan a Mali ~Poreuomena - gracilicercata n. sp. | 4 Céte d’Ivoire os Central African Republic ala N. Sp. Figure 108. ,,Lineage 1“: Poreuomena species with bilobate 10" abdominal tergite and its deviations and cerci with one branch only. Map taken from Google maps. > Céte dIvoire Uganda Central Africatt Republic Figure 109. ,,Lineage 2“: Poreuomena species with male cerci clearly differentiated into several branches. dez.pensoft.net Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 68 (1) 2021, 45-79 795 Figure 110. Distribution of Cestromoecha species. The record of C. tenuipes at Irangi, 100 km north of Bukavu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is not shown since it 1s uncertain because only a female was collected (record in Heller et al. 2014). ‘or Mauritania Central Africatt Republic BER Jee sista rr, OU Figure 111. Distribution of species of the genus Poreuomena. dez.pensoft.net 76 Claudia Hemp & Bruno Massa: Biogeography and revision of Cestromoecha and Poreuomena (Orthoptera) Discussion Distribution patterns of Central and West African Ortho- ptera taxa are poorly understood. As forest-bound taxa the comparatively species-rich genus Poreuomena very likely diversified in the course of several expansions and shrinkages of the Guineo-Congolian forest belt caused by large-scale climatic changes. Humid tropical Africa has been thought to have been covered more or less contin- uously by forest. About 33 m years ago (Ma) during the Oligocene a period of drastic global cooling fragmented the Eocene pan-African forest (Coetzee 1993) leading very likely to the diversification of many West/Central and East African plant and animal taxa. A second major climatic change is dated in the Miocene, the climate is thought to have been warmer and more humid, connecting the pan-African forest again from coast to coast (Morely 2000; Axelrod and Raven 1978). Since Poreuomena as well as Cestromoecha (and other purely Central/West Af- rican Tettigonoidea taxa), do not have representatives in eastern Africa, it is likely that these genera evolved after the pan-African forest belt has been split up. Around 16 Ma ago the climate in Africa became drier and savannahs spread (Axelrod and Raven 1978; Jacobs 2004) frag- menting rain forests. Covreur et al. (2008) found in tree taxa of the family Annonaceae that all East African taxa were found to have diversified prior to Pleistocene times and their successive origins (ca. 33, 16 and 8 Ma) coin- cide with known periods of aridification and geological activity in Africa that would have recurrently isolated the Guineo-Congolian rainforest from the East African one. A third period intensifying a drier climate took place af- ter extensive geological activities in the East African Rift System uplifting the central Tanganyikan plateau (Wasser and Lovett 2000; Sepulchre et al. 2006). Thus from 8 Ma the climate became considerably drier and vast savannah areas developed. In the light of these dramatic changes of the climate in the past and thus leading to fragmentation and recurrent expansion of forest cover, the high diversity found in Po- reuomena could be explained. However, Cestromoecha, on the other hand is a species-poor genus with only two known species at present. Either the latter genus did not cope well with recurrent fragmentation events of its habi- tat and species became extinct or the picture we see is due to poor collecting activities and gaps in our knowledge of the diversity of many Central and West African taxa in- cluding Cestromoecha. In Poreuomena however, several morphological closely related species suggest a diversifi- cation during the past couple of million years, similar to time-scales of speciation found in East African Orthoptera (e.g. Schultz et al. 2007; Voje et al. 2009; Hemp et al. 2010a, b, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2020). All investigated Orthoptera taxa with an array of morphological closely-re- lated species evolved more or less during the past 1-3 m years due to climatic fluctuations recurrently fragmenting and connecting forests in the Eastern Arc Mountains in Kenya and Tanzania and the old coastal forests. That iso- dez.pensoft.net lation has not been 100% for this group of insects, howev- er, aS Seen in genera with representatives both in Central/ West and East Africa (e.g. genera of Pseudophyllinae such as Zabalius Bolivar, 1886 or Stenampyx Karsch, 1890 or in morphologically closely-related genera, such as Jomias Karsch, 1890 in Central/West African and Pseudotomias Hemp, 2016 in East Africa; also see Hemp 2016; 2020). Molecular analyses on wood mice of the genus Hy/omy- scus showed that species diversified in the Miocene, a first branch of mice branching off from Central African ances- tors and reaching East Africa (Nicolas et al. 2020), while a second branch of East African mice diversified in the Pleistocene, 1-3 Ma. At the same time, Central African mice of the genus Hylomyscus diversified as well showing that major climatic changes and thus shifts of forest cover must be the reason behind this pattern seen in small mam- mals and analogous in Orthoptera. In Poreuomena two morphological lineages are dis- cernible: Lineage 1 consists of species with a (for Poreu- omena) typical bilobed 10" abdominal tergite in males or a 10" tergite deviated from this condition (Fig. 108). The subgenital plate of the males of these species is bilobed and the cerci consist of a single branch (acute, bifurcate or with expanded tips, extremely elongated processes in P. gracilicercata sp. nov., Fig. 60). Morphologically most similar are species of Central Africa, the widespread P. wilverthi (Albertine Rift to Central African Republic), P. eala sp. nov. and P. biaculeata sp. nov., both in the Con- go Basin (Democratic Republic of the Congo), P. cras- sipes and P. africana from Cameroon and Gabon and P. huxleyi from Equatorial Guinea (Bioko) and Cameroon (Fig. 108). Further West in the Céte d’Ivoire two species are known morphologically clearly different from the more centrally-distributed species with conspicuous male cerci expanded at their tips, P. ivoriana sp. nov. and P. la- mottei. In addition, P. sanghensis distributed in the Congo Basin has bifurcate male cerci, however, not expanded. P. ivoriana sp. nov. has a flat expanded flange at the cerci. Such a flange is also found in species assigned to lineage 2, however, with elongated male cerci that are differen- tiated into two or three branches of different shapes, P laeglae in the Ivory Coast, P. forcipata in Central Africa (Cameroon, Central African Republic), and P. magnicer- ca and P. tshuapa sp. nov., both recorded from the Con- go Basin in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Figs 109, 111). These species also have a more or less undif- ferentiated 10" abdominal tergite, with a straight posteri- or margin to strongly globose but not bilobed as typical for many species of lineage 1. The highest diversity of Poreuomena is found in for- ests between Gabon and Cameroon. The forests of this area persisted even during extremely arid times, for ex- ample during the Ice Ages as seen in various forest trees (Pifieiro et al. 2019) and could have served as refugia for Poreuomena (and other taxa, for example in plants, Linder 2014) explaining the high diversity and that nu- merous representatives of both lineages of Poreuomena are found in this area. Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 68 (1) 2021, 45-79 Outlook Ultimately, molecular analyses should show the relation- ships of the species and lineages of Poreuomena, very likely supporting that forest remains of the once strong- ly-fragmented Guineo-Congolian area served as refugia for flora and fauna and a motor for diversification, analo- gous to the Eastern Arc Mountains in East Africa. Acknowledgements We wish to thank Philippe Moretto and the late Philippe Annoyer, President of the Association Insectes du Monde (www. insectesdumonde.org) and organiser of the expedi- tion Sangha 2012, who kindly let BM study the material collected during the 2005-2012 Sangha entomological missions (Central African Republic), Samuel Danflous, Matias Loubes for their collaboration and help during the collecting nights in the Tai National Park (Céte d’Ivoire) in March 2017, both on the ground and on the canopy. We are indebted with Richard Smith, Chairman of the Afri- can Natural History Research Trust (ANHRT) (Hereford, UK), who loaned to BM for study the specimens collect- ed in Gabon and Cameroon, Hitoshi Takano, researcher and curator of ANHRT and the collectors and collabora- tors in the Cameroon and Gabon entomological expedi- tions carried out by ANHRT and the Association Cathar- sius (in Gabon Philippe Moretto, Marios Aristophanous, Violette Dérozier et Jean-Louis Albert). ANHRT and we thank very much the Ministre des Eaux et Foréts of Ga- bon, Prof. Lee White; Monsieur |’ Administrateur Général of Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique for the research authorisations, the Rector of the Université des Sciences et Techniques of Masuku, Prof. Ella Missang Crépin, the Director of the Département de Biologie, Prof. Nicaise Lepengue and Dr Stefan Ntie. Finally we thank Nicolas Moulin for providing one specimen from Lope National Park, in Gabon. We also would thank very much Haralabos Tsolakis for helping with the interpretation of the Greek origin of the scientific names of Poreuomena and Cestromoecha, and Rob Felix for his kind help in the map production. This research received support from the Synthesys Project, which is financed by European Community Re- search Infrastructure Action under the FP7 “Capacities” Programme. For Bruno Massa at the Museo Nacion- al de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid (CSIC) (2013: ES- TAF-2438), the Museum fur Naturkunde, Berlin (2014: DE-TAF-4109), the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna (2016: AT-TAF-5324), the National Museum, Prague (2016: CZ-TAF-5559) and the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Bruxelles (2017: BE-TAF-6319). For Claudia Hemp for the museums of Brussels and Tervuren, Belgium (2019: BE-TAF 2685) and Buda- pest, Hungary (2019: HU-TAF 2666). We are especially indebted to Mercedes Paris (Museo Nacional de Cien- cias Naturales of Madrid), Michael Ohl (Museum fur 77 Naturkunde of Berlin), Susanne Randolf and Harald Bruckner (Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna), Jér6me Constant (Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Bruxelles), Martin Fikaéek (National Museum Nat- ural History, Prague), Laure Desutter (Muséum Na- tional d’ Histoire Naturelle, Paris), Marc de Meyer and Stephane Hanot of the African Museum in Tervuren, Belgium, facilitating the study of specimens preserved in their museums. Collecting authorisations and research permits were obtained as follows: 019/UB/DSV2012 of 16.1.2012 from Bangui University, Central African Republic; 021/ MESRS/DGRI of 15.I.2017 from the Ministere de l’Einsegnement Superieur et de la Recherche Scientifique of Céte d'Ivoire; ARO029/19/MESRSTT/CENAREST/ CG/CST/CSAR of 11.VII.2019, issued from the Com- mission Scientifique d’Examen des Demandes d’ Autori- sations de Recherche of the Ministere de I’ Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche Scientifique et du Transfert des technologies du Gabon. Thanks again to Jéréme Constant of RBINS kindly photographing the types of Poreuomena held in the ento- mological collection for us. We are also obliged to Gellért Puscas, Natural History Museum Budapest, for providing measurement data and images of the species P. gracilic- ercata and P. wilverthi. Many thanks to the two reviewers Dr. K.-G. Heller and Dr. S. Ingrisch for very valuable comments on the manuscript. 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