Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 68 (1) 2021, 165-177 | DOI 10.3897/dez.68.63635 > PENSUFT. nett BERLIN Kazukuru gen. nov. — a new Ricaniidae planthopper from Solomon Islands (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) Adam Stroifski! 1 Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warszawa, Poland http://zoobank. org/0582A044-ECD6-4565-823E-3E6E06DBC6F5 Corresponding author: Adam Stroinski (adam@miiz.waw.pl) Academic editor: Michael Wilson # Received 26 January 2021 # Accepted 10 March 2021 Published 31 March 2021 Abstract A new monotypic genus of ricaniid planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricanidae) from New Georgia Island (Solomon Islands), Kazukuru gen. nov., is described for K. zingiberis sp. nov. (type species). Habitus, female, external and internal genital structures of the new species are described and illustrated. Key Words Fulgoroidea, Oceanian Region, New Georgia, taxonomy, morphology, eggs Introduction The planthopper family Ricaniidae Amyot et Audi- net-Serville, 1843 consists of 67 genera (2.7% of the Ful- goromorpha) and covers 437 species (3.2% of the Ful- goromorpha) (Bourgoin 2021). The fauna of Ricantidae of the Solomon Islands is not very rich. Only six genera with thirteen species and one subspecies have been recorded from the Solomon Islands. These are: Armacia hyalinata (Donovan, 1805) — Guadal- canal Is., Vella Lavella Is., A. atrofascialis Distant 1911 — Solomon Islands; Euricania discigutta (Walker, 1862) — Solomon Islands, FE. g/oriosa Distant, 1911 — Solomon Islands; Parapiromis guadalcanalensis Bu, Lariviere & Liang, 2010—Guadalcanal Is., Malaita Is., P santacruzensis Bu, Lariviere & Liang, 2010 — Santa Cruz Is., P. hieron (Fennah, 1970) — Rennell Is.; Ricania corusca Van Duzee, 1940 — Santa Catalina Is., R. /utescens Distant, 1911 — Sol- omon Islands, R. sigillata Van Duzee, 1940 — Malaita Is.; Ricanula conspersa (Melichar, 1898) — Shortland Is., R. tri- maculata trimaculata (Guérin-Méneville, 1838) — Short- land Is., R. trimaculata rennelli Fennah, 1970 — Rennell Island; Zarundia curtula Melichar, 1898 — Shortland Is. Unfortunately, the exact location is known only for some Species, with others (four species) recorded only generally. All of these species belong to widely distributed genera. The new genus described below, based on two fe- males, is unique in family Ricaniidae and known only from a single locality. Material and methods Dry pinned specimens were used for this study. Label information for all specimens examined is pro- vided verbatim with each line separated by a slash (/) and each label given in square brackets. Terminology The nomenclature of fore wing (tegmen) follows the inter- pretation proposed by Bourgoin et al. (2015) and Stroinski (2020). Antennal structures are named in accordance with Stromski et al. (2011). The terminology of the genitalia follows Bourgoin (1988) and Bourgoin and Huang (1990) for the male and Bourgoin (1993) for the female. The whole abdomen of the specimen examined was cut off and cleared for 30 min in a warm (50 °C) 10% potassium hy- droxide (KOH) solution with a few drops of black chlora- zol (CAS No. 1937-37-7) for staining the ectodermic geni- tal structures, based on the method introduced by Carayon Copyright Adam Stroinski. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 166 (1969). Dissections and cleaning of the genital structures were carried out in distilled water. Final observations were made in glycerol using an Olympus SZH10 stereo- microscope. The photographs of the habitus and internal structures were taken using a stereomicroscope Leica MZ 16 with IC3D camera. Final images were adjusted using Helicon 5.0 software and Adobe Photoshop (version 7.0). The SEM photographs of uncoated specimens were taken in the Laboratory of Scanning Microscopy, MIZ PAS (Warsaw), using a scanning electron microscope HI- TACHI S-3400N under low vacuum conditions. Measurements and abbreviations. Measurements were made with an ocular micrometer. The following measurements, ratios and their abbrevia- tions were used in this study: Total length measured (in dorsal view) from head apex to tegmina apex; A/B width of vertex measured at anterior mar- gin / length of vertex measured at mid-line; C/E width of frons at upper margin / length of frons at mid-line; D/E maximum width of frons / length of frons at mid-line; F/B length of pronotum at mid-line / length of vertex at mid-line; G/F length of mesonotum / length of pronotum at mid-line; G/B+F length of mesonotum / cumulative length of vertex and pronotum at mid-line; G/H length of mesonotum at mid-line / width of mesonotum between lateral angles; V/J length of tegmen measured from the base to the apical margin in median portion / width of tegmen measured at the widest part. The material studied is deposited in Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA (BPBM). Results Class Insecta Linnaeus, 1758 Order Hemiptera Linnaeus, 1758 Suborder Fulgoromorpha Evans, 1946 Superfamily Fulgoroidea Latreille, 1810 Family Ricaniidae Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 Subfamily Ricaniinae Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 Genus Kazukuru gen. nov. http://zoobank.org/FC2D5242-4CC3-4DFF-B747-E4C8303E84D5 (Figs 1-60) Type species. Kazukuru zingiberis sp. nov., by present designation and monotypy. dez.pensoft.net Adam Stroinski: Ricaniidae new genus, Solomon Island Etymology. The generic name Kazukuru refers to an extinct language once spoken in New Georgia (Solo- mon Islands). Kazukuru language was last recorded in the early twentieth century when its speakers were in the last stages of language shift (Dunn and Ross 2007). Gender neuter. Diagnosis. The genus Kazukuru gen. nov. can be distinguished from all other genera in Ricantidae by the following combination of characters: frons with three Carinae separated at base (Figs 12 and 13), frontal disc with transverse massive thick shaft; all longitudinal veins leaving basal cell separately (Fig. 20); tegmen’s cells C1 and C5 open; basimetatarsomere with two rows of partly flattened teeth (Fig. 30); all teeth of similar size; posterior margin of gonoplac with two rows of teeth: first row with well-developed teeth (Fig. 42) — larger interspersed with smaller ones, second row with very small, weakly- developed teeth placed irregularly. Description. Head. Head with compound eyes (in dorsal view) narrower than thorax. Vertex (Figs 2—3 and 11-13) transverse, with all mar- gins well carinated, distinctly wider at level of anterior margin angles than long at mid-line, posterior angles placed about level of mid-length of compound eyes; pos- terior margin slightly elevated. Disc of vertex without median carina. Frons (Figs 2—5 and 11-15) transverse, with all margins well carinated; frons at upper margin slightly wider than high at mid-line, widest near level of lower part of compound eyes and distinctly wider than high at mid-line; lateral margins distinctly bent before half of frons, covering base of pedicel, not incised at lev- el of ocelli. Upper part of frons to level of transverse eminence protruded, below eminence retracted: disc of frons smooth. Frontal disc tricarinate, all carinae (median and lateral) separated at upper margin of frons and all carinae reach- ing ventrad to transverse bar before frons mid-length (not extending the ‘breaking’ point of lateral margins); median carina straight, ending in thick transverse shaft; lateral carinae parallel to lateral margins, subparallel to each other, just longer than median carina and slightly extending transverse thick shaft; transverse thick shaft massive; surface of frontal disc smooth. Frontoclypeal suture straight. Clypeus (Figs 2-4 and 12-13) triangular, narrowed ventrally; distinctly narrower than frons, without carinae. Rostrum (Figs 2—4 and 14, 17), with apical segment shorter than subapical one, reaching mid-coxae. Compound eyes (Figs 6 and 8) rounded with an ex- tremely narrow callus at posterior margin. Ocelli pres- ent, large, located near ventro-anterior edge of eye, above antenna. Antenna (Figs 13, 18—19 and 25—26): scape short, wid- er than long; pedicel more elongate with slightly wider tip, with functional area (trichoid sensilla type 1 and antennal plate organs) present on top and tip of dorsal surface and distinctly smaller area on ventral surface; plate organs of crenellated type surrounded by a ring of elevated spines. Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 68 (1) 2021, 165-177 SOLOMON IS,: NEW GEORGIA GROUP N.Georgia’lI.,Munda 1mm 1-30m, , VII-1§-1959 Ginger J. L. Gressitt ia ng° | le 167 Figures 1—7. Kazukuru zingiberis gen. et sp. nov; 1. Habitus, dorso-lateral view; 2. Same — ventral view; 3. Head and thorax, ventral view; 4. Head and rostrum ventral view; 5. Head and thorax, fronto-dorsal view; 6. Same, dorso-lateral view; 7. Labels. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 1, 6 and 8—11) distinctly wid- er than vertex at mid-line; disc of pronotum with median carina and two lateral impressions; anterior part medial- ly produced medially truncate; posterior margin weakly concave; pronotum ascending posteriorly. Mesonotum (Figs 1, 6 and 8-11) about as long in mid-length as wide in lateral angles, distinctly longer at mid-line than combined length of vertex and prono- tum; median, lateral and anterolateral carinae present; median carina and lateral carinae connected anteriorly in one point; median carina reaching scutellum, lateral Carinae reaching posterior margin; anterolateral cari- nae connected with lateral carinae after lateral angles of mesonotum; lateral angles placed before mid-length of mesonotum. Tegmina (Figs 1—2 and 20-24) membranous with small sclerotised area in distal part of costal area and postcostal cell, elongately rounded, flattened, with dis- tinct longitudinal venation with incomplete apical line of transverse veinlets. Costal margin weakly arcuate, apical angle broad- ly rounded distad to claval angle; claval angle widely rounded; posterior margin arcuate with; postclaval mar- gin (tornus) absent. Costal area with dense transverse veinlets ending slightly after level of tip of clavus, in basal half about as wide as postcostal cell; subapically expanded and ta- pering distad. Postcostal cell in proximal half as wide as costal area in posterior part distinctly narrower without transverse veinlets. Basal cell large, elongately rounded, about 1.5 times longer than wide. Longitudinal veins ScP+R, MP and CuA leaving ba- sal cell separately; veins ScP+RA and RP arising as long common stem from basal cell with first fork distad of MP and CuA forks and about level with tip of clavus; cell Cl open; first fork of MP before half of tegmen, branch MP, touching/fused with vein ScP+R. CuA with dichoto- mic model of forking, first fork placed between first forks ScP+R and MP, before tip of costal area and before tip of clavus. Tegmina with single apical line of transverse veinlets; apical cell distinctly longer than wide, median cell large, approximately trapezoidal. dez.pensoft.net 19.3mm x74 BSE3D Adam Stroirski: Ricaniidae new genus, Solomon Island 18.4mm x61 BSE3D Figures 8-13. Kazukuru zingiberis gen. et sp. nov., SEM micrographs; 8. Head and thorax, latero-dorsal view; 9. Same, fronto-dorsal view; 10. Anterior part of body latero-dorsal view; 11. Same, fronto-dorsal view; 12. Frons and clypeus, frontal view; 13. Head frontal view. Cubital cell without transverse veinlets. Clavus closed; claval veins Pcu and A, fused just after mid-length of CuP vein; posterocubital cell at basal part and posterior part with scarce transverse veinlets; postcubital and anal cell without transverse veinlets. Hind wings with precostal triangular cell present; ScP+R distinctly after mid-length of wing, MP not fork- ing, single; CuA forking about middle of wing distantly before first of ScP+R before ScP+R and MP fork, slightly dez.pensoft.net after half of wing; two transverse veinlets present in distal part of wing: rp-mp, mp-cua. Protibia and profemur about same length; mesofe- mur slightly shorter than mesotibia; ventral margin of profemur apically with few small variable teeth (Figs 2-3 and 14). Hind legs (Figs 3 and 27-30): metatibia distinctly longer than metafemur, partly flattened and widened at distal part; metatibia with two lateral spines on dis- Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 68 (1) 2021, 165-177 Aa 7 20.6mm x95 BSE3D 18.4mm x177 BSE3D 17.1mm x304 BSE3D 169 500um rirprrtertedbgedd 100um Figures 14-19. Kazukuru zingiberis gen. et sp. nov., SEM micrographs; 14. Head, rostrum and legs, frontal view; 15. Same, higher magnification; 16. Clypeus, frontal view; 17. Rostrum, ventral view; 18. Antenna, fronto-lateral view; 19. Top of antenna, frontal view. tal half; apical row of teeth huge, irregular, with seven (2+5) well-developed spines, different in size and with- out diastema; lateral spines similar in size; five internal teeth of differing size, lateral like external teeth, three internal ones distinctly smaller then lateral with median tooth longer. Basimetatarsomere longer than cumulative length of second and apical metatarsomeres, with two linear rows of partly flattened teeth; all teeth similar size, apical line with seven teeth, second row narrower, with three teeth; all teeth without setae on ventral side of teeth. Male. Unknown. Female terminalia (Figs 31-36 and 49-60). Pregen- ital sternite massive (Figs 46—48, 54 and 58) with well developed, elongately-rounded and distinctly separated lateral lobes; median part of pregenital sternite wide, an- terior margin medially weakly concave, posterior margin medially. Anal tube (in lateral view, Figs 55-56) elon- dez.pensoft.net 170 Adam Stroirski: Ricaniidae new genus, Solomon Island JRAT ScP 21.6mm x15 BSE3D Peereernrrreegee —— mS ST (TP) 500um 1.00mm RA ScP tip of costal area 16.3mm x35 BSE3D 1.00mm§ 16.3mm x37 BSE3D Figures 20-24. Kazukuru zingiberis gen. et sp. nov., SEM micrographs; 20. Tegmen, lateral view; 21. Claval angle area, lateral view; 22. Clavus, lateral view; 23. Costal angle area, lateral view; 24. Tip of costal area and postcostal cell, lateral view. gate, extending half of upper margin of gonoplac, but not — sal view, Figs 50 and 55) elongately club-like, distinctly reaching posterior margin; basal part of anal tube distinct- wider after mid-length; anal style (paraproct) short not ly wider than posterior one; anal opening, in dorsal and extending posterior margin of anal tube and anal segment lateral view, placed after mid-length; anal tube (in dor- _—_(epiproct) long extending posterior margin. dez.pensoft.net Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 68 (1) 2021, 165-177 21.4mm x538 BSE3D 14.4mm x41 BSE3D 14.3mm x178 BSE3D 1.00mml 14.2mm x80 BSE3D 500um 400um Figures 25-30. Kazukuru zingiberis gen. et sp. nov., SEM micrographs; 25. Apex of antenna, lateral view; 26. Plate organs; 27. Hind leg, ventral view; 28. Distal part of tibia and tarsus, ventral view; 29. Apical part of hind tibia; 30. Apical part of basimetatarsomere. Gonoplac (Figs 41-43, 46, 49-52, 55 and 59) well de- veloped, unilobate, laterally flattened; posterior margin of gonoplac with double rows teeth for nearly full length of posterior margin; first row teeth well-developed — larger interspersed with smaller, second row small, weakly devel- oped and irregularly placed; membranous parts of gono- plac present: first narrow weakly sclerotised placed on low- er part of posterior margin below teeth, second one large fully membranous, placed ventro-basad part of gonoplac. Gonapophysis VIII (Fig. 57) elongate, sabre-like, “y”-shape in cross section, with teeth at posterior part of dorsal margin; endogonocoxal process membranous, tapering apicad with very narrow tip, a bit shorter than gonapophysis VIII, without sclerotised belt. Gonaphophyses IX and gonospiculum bridge well de- veloped (as in Figs 58-59). Bursa copulatrix of two pouches connected with short ductus; first pouch elongate, with cells and sclerotised ornamentation (except dorsal part) with sclerotised plate with 5—8 small petals, but without median huge sclerite; second pouch elongate-oval, smaller than first one, with- out cells and without sclerotised plates. dez.pensoft.net L7i2 Adam Stroiriski: Ricaniidae new genus, Solomon Island 9.8mm x35 BSE3D 4.00mmfj 10.0mm x109 BSE3D 8.9mm x72 BSE3D 11.6mm x38 BSE3D 500um 4.00mmfj 12.2mm x62 BSE3D 500um Figures 31-36. Kazukuru zingiberis gen. et sp. nov., SEM micrographs, female terminalia; 31. Abdomen and terminalia, dorsal view; 32. Anal tube, dorsal view; 33. Same, dorso-lateral view; 34. Same, lateral view; 35. Abdomen and terminalia, lateral view; 36. Terminalia, lateral view. Spermatheca (Fig. 60) well developed; ductus receptaculi elongate, smooth and narrow; diverticulum ductus with two parts (basal shorter then apical), distinctly longer than ductus receptaculi, with long wide smooth ductus and long smooth narrow ductus and apically with ovoid and smooth bulla. Egg description. The eggs were extracted from the dry abdomen and observed dry. Eggs are sub-ellipti- cal (elongate-oval), yellowish, about 640 um long and about 300 um wide at mid-length (Figs 43-48 and 52- 53). The egg surface has two main regions: a special- dez.pensoft.net ised area on the antero-dorsal part and an unspecialised egg capsule. The specialised area is characterised by a micropylar cap placed apically with sclerotised base with rounded spongy appearance. Surface of eggs with well developed polygonal cells with margins bearing nodules apical- ly larger than in lower part of eggs; operculum absent. About 19 eggs were found in abdomen. Distribution. Solomon Island: Western Province, New Georgia Island. Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 68 (1) 2021, 165-177 11.9mm x39 BSE3D ro 11.3mm x159 BSE3D 12.5mm x468 BSE3D 173 ! | 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 500um 7 100um Figures 37-42. Kazukuru zingiberis gen. et sp. nov., SEM micrographs female terminalia; 37. Abdomen and terminalia, ventral view; 38. Pregenital sternite and terminalia, ventral view; 39. Gonoplac, lateral view; 40. Posterior margin of gonoplac, ventral view; 41. Same, ventro-lateral view; 42. Teeth of posterior margin of gonoplac. Kazukuru zingiberis sp. nov. http://zoobank.org/CDSF4BE6-B87C-469A-9A3F-0C8F9D59B92A (Figs 1-60) Etymology. The specific name zingiberis follows the host plant genus Zingiber Mill. on which the new species was collected. The specific name is intended as indeclinable. Diagnosis. For now, a single species in the genus, see diagnosis of genus. Description. Total length 0.85—0.86 cm. Head. Vertex: proportion A/B = 6.00; anterior and posterior margins of vertex arcuate about same curvature; lateral margins almost straight and parallel. Frons: proportion C/E = 1.15—1.20; proportion D/E = 1.73—1.80; upper margin weakly concave; frontoclypeal suture almost straight. dez.pensoft.net 12.0mm x994 BSE3D Adam Stroirski: Ricaniidae new genus, Solomon Island 30.0um Figures 43-48. Eggs of Kazukuru zingiberis gen. et sp. nov., SEM micrographs; 43. Group of eggs; 44. Egg, lateral view; 45. Micropylar cap, lateral view; 46. Same, dorso-lateral view; 47. Polygonal cell, lower part of egg; 48. Same, dorsal part of egg. Thorax. Pronotum: proportion F/B = 5.81—6.00. Mesonotum: proportion G/F+B = 3.50—3.87, propor- tion G/F = 5.81—6.00, proportion G/H = 1.0; connection between anterolateral carinae and lateral weakly visible. Tegmina: proportion I/J = 1.71—-1.77; longitudinal veins ScP with single terminal; RA with single terminal; MP with 8 terminals (MP,,, with four terminals, MP, , with 4 terminals); RP with three terminals; CuA with three terminals. Hind wing. ScP+RA not forking, single, RP single; CuA with three terminals. dez.pensoft.net Female terminalia. Anal tube (in dorsal view): poste- rior margin medially with distinct concavity. Colouration (Figs 1-6 and 49-52). General colour- ation yellowish-brownish. Tegmina hyaline with a few brownish patches: elongate alongside ScP+R vein; small rounded patch near posterior margin between RP forks and three separated, rounded patches present alongside CuP vein; tip of costal area yellowish. Abdomen (stern- ites and tergites) brownish with black patches (Figs 49-— 52); terminalia brownish. Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 68 (1) 2021, 165-177 175 diverticulum ductus ductus ee ase receptaculi Figures 49-60. Kazukuru zingiberis gen. et sp. nov; 49. Abdomen and terminalia, lateral view; 50. Same, dorsal view; 51. Same, ventral view; 52. Abdomen with eggs; 53. Eggs; 54. Pregenital sternite, ventral view; 55. Anal tube, dorsal view; 56. Same, lateral view; 57. Gonoplac and gonapophysis VHI with endogonocoxal process, lateral view; 58. Gonaphophyses IX and gonospiculum bridge, dorsal view; 59. Same, lateral view; 60. Spermatheca. Type material. Holotype, female: [SoLoMoNIs.: / NEw GEORGIA GrouP / N. Georgia I., Munda / 1—30 m. VII-15- 1959], [Ginger], [J. L. Gressitt / Collector] - BPBM. Paratype, female: [SOLOMON Is.: / NEw GEORGIA Group / N. Georgia I., Munda / 1-30 m. VII-13-1959], [J. L. Gressitt / Collector] - BPBM. Distribution. Solomon Island: Western Province, New Georgia Island. Host plant. Genus Zingiber Mill. (as ginger; Order: Zingiberales Griseb., family: Zingiberaceae Martinov). Discussion The genus, described above, presents a set of unique char- acters that broadens our knowledge of the morphology dez.pensoft.net 176 diversity of planthoppers from the family Ricaniidae: the presence of a transverse shaft on the face and its double plane (upper part projected, lower part — below the shaft, retracted) and open cells C, and C, on the tegmen. This unique set of characters within the family Ricantidae allows the definitive description of this new species, based on only two female specimens, in a new genus, even in the absence of any male specimen. Its dis- covery in the future will be very interesting for complet- ing the description with the male genitalia characteristics. Knowledge about the host plants in relation with Ricaniidae is far from sufficient. The specimens of Kazukuru zingiberis gen. et sp. nov. were collected on ginger, Zingiber sp., a plant association not previously re- corded for the family. The only other record from the fam- ily Zingiberaceae Martinov is Hedychium gardnerianum Sheppard ex Ker Gawl. (kahili ginger, wild ginger) for Scolypopa australis (Walker), a polyphagous species, re- corded in New Zealand (Martin 2017). The current knowledge about ricantids egg ultrastruc- ture is very scarce and high-resolution images from a scanning electron microscope (SEM) are only known for Ricania speculum (Walker, 1851) (Rossi et al. 2014). The present description is based on the eggs extracted from the dry abdomen, which share obvious similarities with eges of R. speculum. Both eggs have the same shape, without operculum and have developed polygonal cells on the surface. Significant differences occur however in construction of micropylar caps. Unfortunately, these dif- ferences may be due to incomplete development of im- mature eggs. However, differences at the base of the cap (sclerotised in Kazukuru gen. nov., porous in Ricania) and spongious-like structures are observed in both spe- cies. A comparative morphology analysis of these charac- ters would be of great interest in the future. Acknowledgements I would like to thank Prof. Thierry Bourgoin, Prof. Charles Bartlett and an anonymous Reviewer for their detailed and insightful comments on the manuscript. References Amyot CJ-B, Audinet-Serville JG (1843) Deuxiéme partie. Homopteres. Homoptera Latr. Histoire Naturelle des insectes. Hemipteres 1843: 1-676. Bourgoin T (1988) A new interpretation of the homologies of the He- miptera male genitalia, illustrated by the Tettigometridae (Hemip- tera, Fulgoromorpha). In: Vidano C, Arzone A (Eds) 6" Auchen- orrhyncha Meeting, Turin, Italy, September 7-11, 1987. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Special Project IPRA, Turin, 113-120. 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