Zoosyst. Evol. 97 (2) 2021, 407-450 | DO! 10.3897/zse.97.68000 yee BERLIN A type catalogue of the reed frogs (Amphibia, Anura, Hyperoltidae) in the collection of the Museum fiir Naturkunde Berlin (ZMB) with comments on historical collectors and expeditions Frank Tillack', Ronald de Ruiter?, Mark-Oliver Rédel! 1 Museum fiir Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, InvalidenstraBe 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany 2 Nederlands Openluchtmuseum, Hoeferlaan 4, 6816 SG Arnhem, The Netherlands http://zoobank.org/DC2E BA62-93A 1-4193-8ADC-2A79F7D658B9 Corresponding author: Mark-Oliver Rodel (mo.roedel@mfn.berlin) Academic editor: Johannes Penner # Received 28 April 2021 # Accepted 17 June 2021 # Published 10 August 2021 Abstract We present a commented catalogue of the type specimens of the Afro-Malagasy frog family Hyperoliidae at the herpetological col- lection of the Museum ftir Naturkunde Berlin (ZMB). In current publications and databases, many names based on ZMB primary types are listed as synonyms of other species, the types often declared as lost. Consequently, the respective names are often no lon- ger considered in current taxonomic work. We traced 146 nominal taxa of the family Hyperoliidae in the ZMB collection of which currently 130 are presented by primary types (88 holotypes, 10 lectotypes and 32 taxa based on syntype series); 50 of these taxa are currently considered as valid. Primary types of nine taxa could not be located during our inventory of the collection holdings. Seven taxa are exclusively represented by secondary types (paratypes). Many of these types comprise taxa where types have been thought to be lost. As a further service to the community, we provide important details about collectors and their travel routes, as well as respec- tive documents stored in the collection of the Department of Historical Research at ZMB. This should make it easier to potentially compare the ZMB types in future taxonomic revisions. Key Words Africa, colonies, historical collections, Hyperoliidae, type specimens, Zoologisches Museum Berlin Introduction The amphibian collection of the Museum fiir Naturkunde Berlin (ZMB) is one of the richest in the world, comprising about 60,000 specimens of ca. 2,000 species. One of the largest and most diverse families in the collection is the Af- rican frog family Hyperoliidae with approximately 3,500 wet preserved specimens, including about 860 type speci- mens. These specimens have been used by various authors as a basis for 145 first descriptions, reflecting several pe- riods of research on reed frogs by staff herpetologists and external researchers associated with the ZMB collection. The oldest specimens from this family present in the collection are from South Africa. These vouchers, sent by G. L. E. Krebs (1792-1844), are two Hyperolius horstockii (ZMB 3061) from the “Cap”. These specimens either were part of a shipment by Krebs containing 90 “Amphibien’, in addition to other natural history specimens, and arrived at the museum on 21 June 1830, or they were acquired by the Zoologisches Museum Berlin from Krebs’ collections, auctioned after that date until April 1840 (Lichtenstein “Eingangsjournal ZMB” [acquisition catalogue], see also Bauer 2000). Other old representatives of reed frogs are the species described by W. C. H. Peters (1815-1883) from his Mozambican collections, 1.e. Hyperolius variegatus collected first in June 1843 on the Cabaceira Peninsula (see below and Peters 1882b) and five syntypes of H. picturatus Peters, 1875 (ZMB 3063, 76991-76994) collected at “Boutre” [Butre (Bootry), Ahanta West District, Western Region, Copyright Frank Tillack et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 408 Ghana] by the zoologist and colonial administrator of the Dutch Gold Coast, H. S. Pel (1818-1876). Pel, who stayed in the Gold Coast (modern Ghana), from March to April 1841, March 1842 to December 1843, in January 1844, and from September 1847 to November 1850, collected natural history objects for the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie in Leiden (Holthuis 1968). In March 1849, the Leiden Museum probably exchanged Pel’s specimens together with other herpetological and ichthyologcial objects with the Zoologisches Museum Berlin (Lichtenstein “Eingangsjournal ZMB”). The first mention of Hyperolius species from the ZMB was in the catalogue published by Lichtenstein and Martens (1856: 36) “Nomenclator Reptilium et Amphibium Musei Zoologici Berolinensis”. During the second half of the 19" century, the collec- tion was enriched by material collected, for example, by R. W. Buchholz (1837-1876) and G. A. E. Reichenow (1847-1941) in Cameroon, by C. C. von der Deck- en (1833-1865) in East Africa and by H. W. L. Dohrn (1838-1913) in Liberia. Several objects from the col- lection of J. A. de Oliveira Anchieta (1832-1897) from Angola were received in exchange with J. V. Barbosa du Bocage (1823-1907) from Lisbon. Wilhelm Peters under- took the first scientific work on the Berlin Hyperolius ma- terial based on his own collections from Mozambique and specimens purchased from the aforementioned collectors (Peters 1854, 1867, 1875, 1876, 1877a, 1878, 1882a, b). fi yore | pe a eee Lapp ae de 10986 5 Meg atixaties sthlorrarrne Ys oo ds 7098¢ | Rapp a pmacntadn = do ole BUTS) + peronritebad. BY, ao Hee W989 Shilelhamuus helecrlipidetas Gthe te ae 0990 Brcephalus hypus Som. ole do r 0099 | Cbrodten quasei ibiotbad cree. ole de MIR uetay Arpellar mufescors Gon. alo do | W993 a pooreladins Toys, ie as 4994 pregbecdus Vrs do de LO99S (Par emegudari> Oboes Mhorrdla. Le, 0996 Kemapus tls es ans bar do UG Reeeminnlls po lee ais dma fe 2 dle W798 Keminus pudanenscs Mend. Henge Uy ws 999 | Crom abs xeedaapaline fae } M000 ona exyrhyncha oor " ELON x: ogre M004 fnartartrignsis BO Ms.apibniies 2 as WOR Kemi das Spe ris Myr. Pen gree, Uscgua do I er Makes 2. ot _ Mf nia phrinds T, ; WOE Sie Saiens peak Phelps: vs wre its : epee te WHIOE | Ch maclers dips Leech PT Pe W00e ; ‘“ oe ni Sa Kranbae ole Mib-nxtnt. is Bagonrey'e do lanribar, do de dt a eM ce, > Bute rach Couhbrnar,, im Tillack, F. et al.: A type catalogue of the Hyperoliidae However, most hyperoliid frogs now present in ZMB were collected during the period from 1873 to 1918 in Germany’s African colonial territories, and during further expeditions to other regions of the African continent, such as the “Loango—Expedition” (1873-76), J. M. Hildeb- randt’s Expeditions to East Africa (1873-77), the “Emin Pasha Expedition” (1890-92), the ““Togo—Hinterland—Ex- pedition” (1894-95), the “Nyassa—See- und Kinga—Geb- irgs—Expedition” (1898-99), the “Kunene—Sambesi-Ex- pedition” (1899-1900), the “German—French Border Expedition” (1901-02), the “Ltbecker Pangwe—Expe- dition” (1907-09), and the “Lagone—Pama—Expedition” (1912-13). Important collectors which need to be men- tioned in this context are K. M. E. G. W. Adametz (1877— year of death unknown), E. R. R. Baumann (1871-1895), R. Bohm (1854-1884), L. F. W. E. Conradt (life dates unknown), C. A. Denhard (1852-1929), C. V. H. von Er- langer (1872-1904), F. G. H. H. Fulleborn (1866-1933), R. Grauer (1870-1927), H. Grote (1882-1951), J. M. Hildebrandt (1847-1881), P. Hosemann (1868-1922), R. F. P. Hubner (1869-1961), R. Kandt (1867-1918), G. Martienssen (life dates unknown), F. W. A. von Mechow (1831-1904), O. R. Neumann (1867-1946), W. A. von Raven (1875-1928), G. R. O. Scheffler (life dates un- known), J. G. H. Schubotz (1881-1955), P. W. H. Spatz (1865-1942), F. L. Stuhlmann (1863-1928; Fig. 1), G. T. Tessmann (1884-1969), W. Tiesler (life dates unknown), and G. A. Zenker (1855-1922). + ee Bel ae — | 2 Pheynop sis boulenger def. Ohler A834 VP Gindhe 499 } GUIS vewk, flock wate 3 fe PE Tite at aie hype tolvus tuberilinguie Hyperoliws macmorotus taeniatus hie. Ginter rr Hiperélias marine ch tas Me = Vriliines~ Popes bangalore oe ate’vc Heres olivacea 41967 Figure 1. ence page from the first numerical inventory catalogue of the herpetological collection at ZMB, with entries of material collected by F. L. Stuhlmann in East Africa. zse.pensoft.net Zoosyst. Evol. 97 (2) 2021, 407-450 At the end of the 19" century, Gustav Tornier (1859- 1938), at the time curator of the amphibian and reptile collection at the ZMB, took over the task of a systematic analysis of the herpetological material collected from co- lonial German East Africa. In addition to the Berlin col- lection, he also had access to F. Stuhlmann’s collections at the Museum Hamburg. Johann Georg Pfeffer (1854— 1931) from Hamburg, who had originally been assigned this task, resigned for health reasons (Tornier 1896, see also remarks on H. flavoguttatus). The extensive colonial material in Berlin and Hamburg, which was particularly rich in reed frogs, enabled Tornier to compile an overview of the ’Farbkleid der Rappienhaut* [color pattern of the reed frog skin] (Tornier 1896, plate 4, reproduced here Ontafrilea Il, Ew, H. Ritdsaamen det. 409 in Fig. 2). In contrast to Ahl, who studied the Berlin reed frog collection three decades later (see below), with one exception, Tornier did not introduce new species names, but rather reported cautiously with regard to the number of (new) species present in the material examined (1896: 156): Sobald die von mir aus Afrika erwarteten Rappi- ensendungen eingetroffen sind und ich das Rappienma- terial gesehen habe, welches die Hauptmuseen Europas beherbergen, komme ich in einer besonderen Arbeit auf diese Frage zurtick. [AS soon as the expected Rappia shipments from Africa have arrived, and I have seen the Rappia material housed by the major European museums, I will return to this question in a special study]; however, this study was never compiled and published. Kejenhthiara, Tafel IV. Figure 2. “Farbkleidmuster der Gattung Rappia” [color pattern of the genus Rappia (Hyperolius species) |, reproduced from Tornier (1896, pl. 4). zse.pensoft.net 410 A decade later, at the beginning of 20" century, large scale research expeditions such as the first and second “Deutsche—Zentral—A frika—Expedition” [German-Cen- tral-African-Expedition] from 1907-08 and 1909-10, provided rich new material. Together with specimens obtained from the German colony Cameroon, further remarkable collections of amphibians and reptiles, in- cluding considerable numbers of reed frogs, were sent to ZMB, and were partly described by Friedrich Erich Got- tlieb (called Fritz) Nieden (1883-1942) (Nieden 1910a, 1913; see also Gunther and Bischoff 2018). In December 1921, Christoph Gustav Ernst Ahl (1898-1945) started to work as a voluntary scientific assistant in the ichthyological and herpetological depart- ment of ZMB. After Tornier’s retirement, Ahl became an official assistant from February 1923 to September 1927. From October 1927 until his dismissal in March 1941, he was employed as senior scientific assistant in the her- petological department of ZMB. During his career, Ahl published a total of 302 new descriptions of amphibi- ans and reptiles (Paepke 2013). Over a period of seven years, he described 106 nominal taxa from the family Hyperoliidae (Ahl 1924, 1930a-d, 1931a), and worked on this family monographically, published as part 55 of the “Tierreich” [animal kingdom] series (AhI 1931b). However, Ahl’s work is overshadowed by a large number of scientifically flawed descriptions. A selection of Ahl’s Hyperolius types were sent in exchange to the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University (MCZ) in 1932, and this material allowed Barbour and Loveridge (1947) and Loveridge (1957) to synonymize 50 of Ahl’s species. Arthur Loveridge (1957: 157, 324) called Ahl a “reckless describer” and complained about his insuffi- cient knowledge of intra-specific variability within the Hyperoliidae as well as his inadequate comparisons with already described species. Ahl’s working methods and the quality of his descriptions have subsequently been commented on, e.g. by Glaw and Vences (1992), Paepke (1995, 2013), Rieck (2001), and Adler (2007). In addi- tion to Ahl’s questionable scientific approach, many of the (type) specimens mentioned by him (Ahl 1931a, b) were not inventoried and placed in the systematic collec- tion during his tenure; instead, these were often placed on the shelves of undetermined material, sometimes with handwritten notes. In the 1950s Heinz Wermuth (1918-2002), then curator of herpetology at ZMB, at the request of Raymond Ferdinand Louis-Philippe Laurent (1917-2005), endeavored to locate Ahl’s type material. In September 1958 and January 1959, a total of 244 Hy- perolius specimens, including the locatable types, were sent on loan to Laurent at the “Université Officielle du Congo-Belge, Elisabethville” [Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Based on this material Laurent (1961) published a paper on the Hyperolius and Afrixalus in the ZMB. He reviewed some of Ahl’s taxa and men- tioned for the first time respective inventory numbers. In the introduction of this paper he suggested that it would be desirable to declare all descriptions based on the activ- zse.pensoft.net Tillack, F. et al.: A type catalogue of the Hyperoliidae ity of this individual zoologist [Ahl] as nomina confusa (see also comments in Liedtke et al. 2014: 254). Several “Ahl species’ were synonymized by Loveridge (1942, 1957); Laurent (1943, 1958, 1961) and Barbour and Loveridge (1947). Other herpetologists studied Ber- lin hyperoliid specimens in the second half of the 20" century. Among them were Arne Schiotz (1932-2019) from the Zoological Museum Copenhagen, who got ma- terial on loan in 1960 and 1961, and visited the ZMB in 1968 in order to study the East African frog collection, and Jean-Luc Perret from the Natural History Museum Geneva, who borrowed a number of Ahl types in 1962, and visited the ZMB collection in 1974. As a result of their studies, further ‘Ahl species’ were synonymized (see e.g. Schigtz 1967, 1975). Only 24% of the reed frogs described by Ahl are still considered valid (see below; Paepke 2013; Frost 2021). After 2000, ZMB received new hyperoliid vouchers from West and Central Africa, as well as from Mozam- bique, mainly through the collections of the working group of Mark-Oliver Rodel, curator of herpetology at ZMB since 2007. J. M. Dehling (University Koblenz-Lan- dau) provided new vouchers from Rwanda, V. Mercurio (Berlin) collected in Malawi, and A. Channing (Univer- sity of the Western Cape) sent vouchers from South and East Africa. The study of these new collections and the re-evaluation of historic specimens resulted in a num- ber of revisions and new descriptions (see e.g. Lotters et al. 2004; Rodel et al. 2003, 2009, 2010; Dehling 2012; Channing et al. 2013; Frétey et al. 2014; Liedtke et al. 2014). These and other studies, often based on ‘new’ mo- lecular technologies, also revealed that the diversity with- in the Hyperoliidae might be much higher than previously assumed and comprise a large number of cryptic taxa (i.e. Channing et al. 2013; Portik et al. 2019). Thus it is likely that some of the ZMB ‘synonyms’ actually refer to valid species (see Rodel et al. 2010). Current researchers de- scribing new African reed frogs tend to ignore the avail- ability of these names because these are listed as either synonyms or lost by Frost (2021). However, the collec- tion of hyperoliid frogs in ZMB was never fully reviewed and the status of several taxa and the presence of many type specimens remained unevaluated. For instance, no fewer than 17 nominal taxa have been reported lost or not traced by Frost (1985) or listed as originally present in ZMB but without inventory number (Frost 2021). We present a list of existing and so far unlocated type specimens of 146 nominal taxa of the family Hyperoliidae from the ZMB collection of which 130 are primary types (88 holotypes, 10 lectotypes and 32 taxa based on series of syntypes), 50 of which are currently considered valid. Primary types of nine taxa could not be located. Seven taxa are represented by secondary types (paratypes) only. This summary is not intended to resolve pressing taxo- nomic issues that in many cases will require dedicated research using molecular genetic approaches (see Scherz et al. 2020 for a promising example). In some cases, how- ever, we added observations of taxonomic value (e.g. Zoosyst. Evol. 97 (2) 2021, 407-450 measures and character descriptions), clarified priority of names, and identified and corrected type localities when possible. Our aim 1s to present what is available for study to aid future research that describes and names new taxa in the Hyperoltidae. This contribution is the third cata- logue on the amphibian types held by ZMB. Previous catalogues include the caecilians and salamanders (Bauer et al. 1993), as well as the hemisotid, microhylid, myo- batrachid, pelobatid and pipid frogs (Bauer et al. 1996). Methods From 2017 to 2020, all specimens from the family Hyper- oliidae in the collection of the Museum fiir Naturkunde Berlin (ZMB; in some publications the Museum fir Naturkunde is also abbreviated with MfN or other ac- ronyms (see Sabaj 2020); to avoid confusion, we apply the traditional use of ZMB for the herpetological collec- tion) were systematically digitally registered, including l l l l jars with specimens all carrying the same accession number—were individualized and each specimen was assigned an indi- vidual number. Details on the original field labels were compared to catalogue entries, information from the ac- cession catalogues and the data were completed where | 3 4 | Bezeichnung Fundort | Rares: aril Paw bruys sont Ee Hp es ae ——= Datum Art r . 102 be Por G Ag oo Hg ‘ane 411 necessary. ZMB numbers always refer to the final inven- tory catalogue numbers. In addition, we sometimes men- tion ‘accession numbers’. These are separate catalogues used in the herpetological department from ca. 1856 to April 1940, to record the accession of new material, often registered in lots with “C-Catalogue” numbers (Fig. 3). Only after having been assigned a ‘ZMB number’ are vouchers finally inventoried. The terms ‘Register Cat- alogue’ or ‘ZMB Register’ refer either to the accession catalogues of the Zoological Library or to Lichtenstein’s ‘Eingangsjournal’ for the entire Zoological Museum, the latter archived in the Department of Historical Research at the Museum ftir Naturkunde (see Unpublished Sourc- es). Our digital accessioning of the specimens, in con- nection with information on collectors, localities and col- lection periods, made it possible to search for previously unlocated type specimens of the species described by Ahl (1931la). For primary type specimens, the type localities and the collectors were identified whenever possible. Sec- ondary types from the Berlin collection are likewise list- ed with locality and collector. If not stated otherwise, we follow Frost (2021) regarding the currently valid names. Concerning type localities, we always provide first the original spelling (in quotation marks) followed by the currently applied name of the locality in brackets, as well as further geographic data, such as province and country. 6 7. 8. hl Abgang : | Werth | | Bemerkungen. Datum Art e+ m3 Aly | bee Ke ees ae 2. Zugane be bb} Figure 3. Examplary page from the second numerical accession catalogue (= “C” catalogue) of the herpetological collection at ZMB, with entries of African material collected by e.g. O. Gleim, W. Langheld, C. May, F. Thomas and G. A. Zenker. zse.pensoft.net 412 We list all types in alphabetic order, using the origi- nal name in the description. The present taxonomic status and generic association is given under ‘present name’ in each species account. Remarks in the individual species accounts contain information on illustrations of the type material, the activities of the collectors, and the collec- tion periods as well as information taken from secondary literature on additional type material that is not housed in the ZMB collection. We omit providing information on the history of the synonymy of the respective taxa. This is provided by Frost (2021) and can be consulted at: https:// amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/index.php. It is import- ant to note that we herein do not take any taxonomic de- cisions; we present the available type specimens and their current taxonomic name. For valid names we refer, with few exceptions, to Frost (2021). Until the complex tax- onomy of the H. marmoratus species group is solved and allows a more accurate assignment, we tentatively follow Marques et al. (2018) and list Angolan taxa previously considered as synonyms of H. marmoratus Rapp, 1842 or H. parallelus Gunther, 1858 as belonging to Hypero- lius angolensis Steindachner, 1867. Ceriaco et al. (2020: 395) confirm assignment of Angolan frogs of the H. mar- moratus group to H. angolensis. In contrast Frost (2021) and Baptista et al. (2019) regard H. angolensis as a ju- nior synonym of H. parallelus Gunther, 1858. An even more conservative approach has recently been applied by Channing and Rodel (2019), treating almost all popula- tions of the Hyperolius viridiflavus/marmoratus-complex as H. viridiflavus. Recently, Dubois et al. (2021) suggested ‘new concepts and methods for phylogenetic taxonomy and nomencla- ture’, using Lissamphibia as a template. To avoid causing further confusion in an already complex and taxonomi- cally confusing group of tropical tree frogs, we — without assessing the new system — refrain herein from following Dubois et al. (2021). The future will show if researchers will accept and apply this new concept. In the chapter “Specimens erroneously marked as types in ZMB inventory catalogues”, we mention names which are labeled as types in the inventory catalogues of the Her- petological Department of ZMB. To our knowledge, these names were never published by the authors to which these names are attributed, nor by anyone else. These names are thus placed in quotation marks and not italicized to in- dicate that they are not used as valid. Since these names were sporadically used (e.g. Schiotz 1975) we list them here and clarify the identity of the specimens if possible. It is important here to provide commentary on the pub- lication history of Ahl’s (1931a, b) works on hyperoltid frogs and how that relates to priority of the species names published therein. In 1931, Ahl published two mono- graphs: the paper “Zur Systematik der afrikanischen Baumfroschgattung Hyperolius [Towards the systematics of the African tree frog genus Hyperolius| (Ahl 1931a)* as well as Lieferung [issue] 55 ,,Anura III“ from the ‘an- imal kingdom’ series [“Das Tierreich*] (Ahl 1931b). The later work covered all known frog species of what today is accepted to be the family Hyperoliidae. However, it has zse.pensoft.net Tillack, F. et al.: A type catalogue of the Hyperoliidae never been fully clarified which of these monographs was published first, and thus which of these two publications serves as the original publication for making available the Hyperolius species names described by Ahl in 1931. We thus researched respective entries in the zoological main library of ZMB and in the reprint collection of the herpe- tological department. On the front covers of both publica- tions we found the following notes on publications dates: volume 17, issue 1 of the “Mitteilungen aus dem Zoolo- gischen Museum in Berlin“ (AhI 1931a) was published on | April 1931; Lieferung (volume) 55 of Anura HI of the series “Das Tierreich“ (Ahl 1931b) was published in March (Marz) 1931 (Fig. 4). Later, these publication dates were often overlooked or ignored. Hence numer- ous authors gave priority to the names published in Ahl’s Lieferung 55 of the ,,Das Tierreich* (e.g. Laurent 1941, 1958; Loveridge 1942, 1953, 1957; Barbour and Love- ridge 1946; Manacas 1949, Perret and Mertens 1957; Schietz 1975; Frost 1985; Channing and Howell 2006; Pickersgill 2007a; Seniagbeto et al. 2007; Mercurio 2011; Dehling 2012; Paepke 2013; Frétey et al. 2014; Liedtke et al. 2014; Marques et al. 2018), others however, regarded the names published in the “Mitteilungen vol. 17(1)* as having priority (e.g. Loveridge 1936a, b; Laurent 1943; Schiotz 1967; Perret 1976b; Pakenham 1983; Rodel 1996; Lotters et al. 2004; Rodel et al. 2010; Amiet 2012). Frost (2021) states “The description in Ahl, 1931 [a], Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17 [...], appeared a few weeks later according to unpublished notes by A. Loveridge (fide R. Laurent).” These personal notes and comments by Arthur Loveridge and Raymond Laurent correspond with the printed publication dates on the front covers of the two publications, as has been already commented on by Bar- bour and Loveridge (1946, p. 126). However, it needs to be emphasized that, without doubt, Ahl intended to publish the paper “Zur Systematik [...]* (Ahl 1931a) ahead of the “Anura III“ (Ahl 1931b). For instance: 1) in the preface of his paper“ Zur System- atik [... |“ he refers to the ,soon to be published mono- graph within the ,animal kingdom series’ [,,demndachst erscheinende Monographie im “Das Tierreich’”’]; 11) in the paper he added ,,spec. nov.“ to the new names, in the species accounts of “Das Tierreich* this is not added, and ii!) lastly comments concerning the distribution of spe- cies are generalized in “Das Tierreich” and data concern- ing type material and collectors are lacking completely (but are provided in “Zur Systematik [...]’). To finally clarify the history of both publications (Ahl 1931a, b), we checked the original prints and Eingangs- register (accession catalogues) in the department of her- petology and the zoological library at ZMB. Based on the receipt stamps on the original prints (journal issue and reprints) as well as the notes in the Eingangsregister [en- try register] of the zoological library, it 1s obvious that volume 17, issue | of the “Mitteilungen aus dem Zool- ogischen Museum in Berlin” was received on 11 April 1931. In contrast Lieferung 55, Anura III from “Das Tier- reich” was only received a month later on 11 Mai 1931. Article 21.4 of the ‘Code’ (ICZN 1999) clarifies that “If Zoosyst. Evol. 97 (2) 2021, 407-450 413 Figure 4. Titlepages of Ahl (1931a) “Mitteilungen...” and Ahl (1931b) “Das Tierreich” with printed dates of publication at the bottom and receipt stamps of the zoological library at ZMB with date of availability at the upper edge; compare text. the date of publication specified in a work is found to be incorrect, the earliest day on which the work is demon- strated to be in existence as a published work is to be adopted”. Furthermore, Recommendation 21D states that “A librarian should not remove, or allow to be removed by a binder, the cover or pages bearing information rele- vant to the date of publication, the contents of the work or its parts, or the day or dates of receipt by the library.” This makes the receipt dates from the ZMB library relevant in this context. We thus follow Recommendation 21F of the ‘Code’ and correct the publication dates which gives the names published by Ahl (1931a) in the “Mitteilungen [...]” priority. Abbreviations Institutional codes following Sabaj (2020): BMNH [NHMUK] Natural History Museum, London (formerly: British Museum (Natural History)); MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge; MBL Museu Bocage [Museu Nacional de Historia Natural], Lisboa; MHNG Muséum d/’Histoire naturelle, Geneve; MHNN -— Naturhistorisches Museum Mainz; MNHN ~~ Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Paris; MSNG Museo Civico di Storia Naturale ““Giacomo Doria” [Civic Museum of Natural History], Genova [Genoa]; NMW Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna; PEM Port Elizabeth Museum, Bayworld, Port Elizabeth; RMNH _ Naturalis Biodiversity Center (formerly R1- jksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie], Leiden; SAIAB South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversi- ty, Grahamstown; SMF Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Natur- museum, Frankfurt am Main; SMNS Staatliches Museum ftir Naturkunde, Stuttgart: ZFMK ~~ Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn; ZMB Museum fiir Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz In- stitute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science (formerly: Zoologisches Museum Berlin); ZMG Zoologisches Institut und Museum der Uni- versitat Greifswald; ZMH CeNak (Center of Natural History), Zoolo- gisches Museum, Universitat Hamburg (for- merly: Zoologisches Museum Hamburg; presumably from 1 July 2021 on, ZMH and ZFMK will fuse to LIB: Leibniz-Institut zur Analyse des Biodiversitatswandels); ZMUC _ Universitets Kobenhavn, Zoologisk Museum, Kobenhavn; ZSM Zoologische Staatssammlung Munchen, Munich. Results Extant types Afrixalus fornasini see Hyperolius bivittatus. Afrixalus brevipalmatus see Hyperolius brevipalmatus. zse.pensoft.net 414 Afrixalus dorsalis see Hyperolius dorsalis. Afrixalus dorsimaculatus see Megalixalus dorsimaculatus. Afrixalus laevis see Megalixalus laevis (unlocated type specimens). Afrixalus stuhlmanni see Hyperolius pygmaeus, Hyperolius unicolor, Megalixalus stuhlmanni. Afrixalus uluguruensis see Megalixalus uluguruensis. Afrixalus vittiger see Hyperolius vittiger. Acanthixalus sonjae Rodel, Kosuch, Veith & Ernst, 2003: 44. Paratypes. ZMB 74985 and ZMB 79340, “SRET [Sta- tion de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale] station transect X, large water-filled tree stump, secondary forest, Tai Na- tional Park, Ivory Coast, 5°50'N, 7°20'W”, coll. Raffael Ernst and Mark-Oliver Rodel, 16.1X.2000. Present name. Acanthixalus sonjae Rédel, Kosuch, Veith & Ernst, 2003. Remarks. Holotype: SMNS 09573, “SRET station transect X, large water-filled tree stump, secondary for- est, Tai National Park, Ivory Coast, 5°50'N, 7°20'W”, coll. Raffael Ernst and Mark-Oliver Rodel, 16.[X.2000. Additional paratypes: SMNS 09574. 1—2, “Noe-Grid, Tai National Park, Ivory Coast, 5°50'N, 7°20'W”, coll. Raffa- el Ernst and Mark-Oliver Rodel, 16.[X.2000 and SMNS 09575.1—28, same collecting data as for the holotype; ZSM 9080/2001, same collecting data as for the holotype (Glaw and Franzen 2006); PEM A7414, “Forét Classé de Haute Dodo, 4°54'03"N, 7°19'3"W, coll. William Roy Branch and Mark-Oliver Rodel, 15.III/2002 (Conradie et al. 2015); and “three males, two females and four ju- veniles alive, same data as holotype; numerous tadpoles alive”. The two Berlin paratypes (ZMB 79340 and 74985) were formerly part of the aforementioned mentioned se- ries of uncatalogued paratypes. Acanthixalus spinosus see Hyperolius spinosus. Cystignathus argyreivittis Peters, 1854: 626. Lectotype. ZMB 4426, “Boror” [Companhia do Boror, Zambezia Province, Mozambique], coll. Wilhelm Carl Hartwig Peters. Paralectotypes. ZMB 10106 and ZMB 85708 (for- merly part of ZMB 10106), “Cabaceira” [Peninsula zse.pensoft.net Tillack, F. et al.: A type catalogue of the Hyperoliidae Cabaceira, Mossuril District, Nampula Province, Mo- zambique], coll. Wilhelm Carl Hartwig Peters. Present name. Kassina senegalensis (Duméril & Bi- bron, 1841). Remarks. Peters (1854) does not mention the num- ber of specimens available to him for the description, but later he specified that he found “[...] drei weibliche Ex- emplare, eins auf der Halbinsel Cabaceira, zwei in Boror, wahrend des Marzmonats, in feuchtem Grase.” [... three female specimens, one on the Cabaceira Peninsula, two in Boror, during the month of March, in wet grass] (Peters 1882b: 158). One of the former syntypes is depicted in Peters (1882b, pl. 22, fig. 2, and on pl. 26, fig. 3, sternum). Bauer et al. (1995: 43) consider the specimens invento- ried under ZMB 4426 and ZMB 10106 to be syntypes. Frost (2021) mentioned only ZMB 4426 as syntype and refers to other unnumbered syntype(s) in the ZSM collec- tion. However, Glaw and Franzen (2006) do not mention syntypes of Cystignathus argyreivittis present at ZSM. Ahl (1930c: 283) denotes [ZMB] 4426 as “Typus” and [ZMB] 10106 (two specimens) as “Cotypen” of Cystig- nathus argyreivittis. This constitutes a lectotype designa- tion of ZMB 4426 from “Boror” (ICZN 1999: Art. 74.5). W. C. H. Peters, a zoologist, anatomist and later di- rector of ZMB (from 1857 to 1883) undertook a journey to Mozambique from September 1842. Via Portugal and Luanda (Angola) he reached Mozambique Island on 17 June 1843. During his stay in Mozambique, he undertook various short trips, e.g. to Zanzibar, Anjuan (Comores), Saint Augustin (Madagascar) and South Africa. On Au- gust 7, 1847 he left Mozambique and sailed via Goa and Mumbai (India), Candy (Sri Lanka) and Egypt to return to Berlin in early 1848 (itinerary and map in Bauer et al. 1995). Already during his journey, Peters regularly sent his collections back to Berlin, some of which were donat- ed to the Anatomical Museum, the majority was given to the ZMB and a number of doublets (“Doubletten”) were sold (Brauer 1910; Bauer et al. 1995). Heterixalus betsileo see Hyperolius friedrichsi. Heterixalus variabilis see Megalixalus variabilis. HAyperolius acuticephalus Ahl, 1931a: 131. Holotype. ZMB 30999; “Ngoto, Lobajegebiet” [Kembeé, Basse-Kotto Prefecture, Central African Republic]; coll. Gunther Theodor Tessmann, 30.X.1913. Present name. Hyperolius acuticephalus Ahl, 1931. Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 419, fig. 291). The German botanist, ethnologist and explorer Tessmann travelled to Cameroon in 1904, where he worked until 1905 for the West African plantation company Bibun- di as a Supervisor on a cocoa plantation. Afterwards he travelled to the Cameroon Hinterland [,Hinterland‘ is a term 1n the colonial literature, used in various languages; Zoosyst. Evol. 97 (2) 2021, 407-450 it does not specify a specific geographic region but refers generally to regions being away from the coast or provin- cial towns] and to Yaoundé and founded his own planta- tion in the border area between German-Cameroon and Spanish-Guinea. From 1907 to 1909 he was the head of the “Lutbecker Pangwe—Expedition” to South Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea and in 1913 he led an expedition to “Neu Kamerun”. During the First World War he fled to Spanish Guinea and was interned by the Spanish on Fernando Po [Bioko]. Later, he turned to South America, travelled through Peru, and emigrated to Brazil in 1936, where he settled in the state of Parana and got a posi- tion at the Museu Paranaense. During his stay in Africa he collected large numbers of zoological, botanical and ethnological objects, most of which were sent to the mu- seums in Berlin and Lubeck (Dinslage and Templin 2012; Dinslage 2015; Templin 2015). Hyperolius acuticephalus could be conspecific with ei- ther H. igbettensis Schigtz, 1963 or H. adsperus Peters, 1877. Type locality and shape of head better fit H. igebet- tensis (fide Channing et al. 2013); concerning webbing of feet H. acuticephalus is intermediate between H. igbetten- sis and H. adspersus (fide Channing et al. 2013); the ra- tio of head width/snout-vent length speaks in favor of H. adspersus (fide Amiet 2012); and the ratio of head length/ head width points again to H. igbettensis (fide Amiet 2012); finally the value for the length of the snout/head width surpasses both H. igebettensis and H. adspersus. Hyperolius acuticeps Ahl, 1931a: 29. Syntypes. ZMB 36039 and ZMB 65176 (formerly part of ZMB 36039), “Konde-Nika” [Region at the northern tip of Lake Malawi, Mbeya and Njombe Region, Tan- zania], coll. Friedrich Georg Hans Heinrich Fulleborn, 02.VI.1900. Present name. Hyperolius microps Gunther, 1864. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 282, fig. 153). For the location of “Konde-Land” we refer to Filleborn (1906: 268 ff.), who describes it as a small area at the northern tip of Lake Malawi as follows: limited in the east by Lake Malawi, in the northeast by the slopes of the Livingstone Mountains [Kipengere Range], in the south- east by the Untali and Malila Mountains, in the north by Rungwe Volcano and in the south by the lower reaches of the Ssongwe (Songwe River). In 1896, the German physician, doctor of tropical medicine, and explorer Fuilleborn joined the colonial “Schutztruppe” in German East Africa, where he was ac- tive as a government physician until 1901. From April 1897 to the beginning of 1898, he participated in the military campaigns against the Wangoni and Wahehe of the “Ungoni’, “Uhehe” and “Ubena” regions, in present day southern Tanzania. From 1898 to 1899 Fulleborn was stationed in Langenburg [Lumbira, Mbeya Region, Tan- zania] in the north of Lake Malawi and undertook numer- ous excursions in the surrounding area, which took him to the southern end of Lake Malawi, through the “Schire- 415 Hochlander” [Shire Highlands, southern Malawi], and on the Shire and Zambezi River to Quelimane and af- terwards to the Island of Mozambique. In 1899 he was commissioned to research the “German-Nyassa” region from a zoological and ethnological-anthropological point of view. Together with W. Goetze he participated in the “Nyassa—See- und Kinga—Gebirgs—Expedition” (Engler 1902; Fulleborn 1906; see also comments on Hyperolius goetzei). During this time Fulleborn also surveyed Lake Malawi and the lakes in northern Nyasaland (Rukwa, Chungruru, Itende) and collected a considerable number of mammals, about 800 birds, more than 1000 fishes, am- phibians and reptiles, thousands of insects and other in- vertebrates, and particularly plankton (Fulleborn 1900a, b; Paepke and Seegers 1995). The majority of these col- lections were donated to ZMB. Fuilleborn’s extensive herpetological collections were partly studied in the first third of the 20" century by former curators of herpetolo- gy at ZMB (e.g. Ahl 1929, 1931a, c; Tornier 1900, 1902, 1905). However, many specimens remained unexamined on the shelves within the ‘undetermined material’. On the basis of Fulleborn’s diary Hans Paepke (curator emeritus Department of Ichthyology at ZMB) compiled a list of the places where Fulleborn stayed between April 1897 and October 1899. The diary and this list are archived in the Department of Historical Research at ZMB (Zool. Mus. Sign. S III, “Fulleborn, F.”). Ayperolius acutirostris Buchholz & Peters in Peters, 1875: 207, pl. 2, fig. 4. Syntypes. ZMB 8470 and ZMB 65177 (formerly part of ZMB 8470), “Cameruns” [Douala, Region Littoral, Cam- eroon], coll. Reinhold Wilhelm Buchholz. Present name. Hyperolius acutirostris Buchholz & Peters, 1875. Remarks. Perret (1966: 408) considered the type ma- terial of H. acutirostris lost and designated MHNG 965.12 as neotype. Bauer et al. (1995: 43) could only locate one of the two syntypes. The type locality was corrected to “Douala” by Frétey et al. (2014); for further information see also remarks on Hyperolius guttatus. The German explorer, zoologist and anatomist Buch- holz went to Equatorial Africa from 1872 to 1875. He was accompanied by the Berlin ornithologist Georg Anton Eugen Reichenow and Reichenow’s friend, fellow stu- dent and zoologist Wilhelm Lthder. On 1 June 1872 they set off from Bremerhaven to “Akkra on the Gold Coast” [Accra, Ghana], which they reached on 29 July 1872. The first collecting tours took place in the surroundings of Accra and Aburi (29 July to 16 October 1872). On 16 October they left Accra for “Camaroons” [today part of present day Douala city] where they stayed until 2 No- vember. Then they travelled to Bimbia, Victoria and Bon- jonjo (2 November 1872 to 9 December 1873). On 12 March 1873 Luhder died of malaria in “Camaroons’. Re- ichenow, also suffering from malaria, returned via Gabon to Germany in April 1873. zse.pensoft.net 416 Buchholz was on his own from then on. He travelled between Victoria and ‘Camaroons’ with intermediate stops on Fernando P96 to get his collections to Camaroons in early December. Thereafter he went to Abo (9 December 1873 to 24 March 1874) and from Mungo via Balong he returned again to “‘Camaroons’ (5 April to 11 August 1874). He left ‘Camaroons’ for a stay in Gabon where he also explored the Rembo River (12 August to 9 November 1874). After his return to the Gabon coast he again explored the area around Mungo and Jenssoki (9 November 1874 to 11 January 1875), and again visited Fernando Po, the Ga- bon coast and the Ogowe (or Ogooué) River (11 Janu- ary to 31 August 1875). On 3 September he started from Gabon on his way back to Greifswald where he arrived during the beginning of November 1875 (Reichenow 1874; Heinersdorff 1880; Weidmann 1894; Stresemann 1943). Buchholz’ collections went to the zoological mu- seums in Greifswald and Berlin and his herpetological material has been described by Wilhelm C. H. Peters (Peters 1875, 1876). HAyperolius ademetzi Ahl, 1931a: 37. Lectotype. ZMB 20794, “Bamenda” [Mezam Depart- ment, Northwest Region, Cameroon], coll. First Lieu- tenant Karl Moritz Ernst Gustav Wilhelm Adametz, VI/1909. Paralectotypes. ZMB 77729-77733 and ZMB 77749, same collecting data as for the lectotype. Present name. Hyperolius ademetzi Ahl, 193 1a. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 296, fig. 171). Originally eight specimens according to the original publication. Lectotype designation by Perret (1962: 244, fig. 2) who provided a photograph of the lectotype. An- other paralectotype MCZ A-17626 was sent in exchange from ZMB in 1932 (Barbour and Loveridge 1946: 126). Adametz was a first lieutenant in the German ‘Schutz- truppe’ for Cameroon and head of the colonial station in Bamenda. He was involved in surveying the Hinterland of the Kamerun-Nordbahn in the Bamenda region. In sum- mer 1912, he also took part in an operation against the Baminge (Bamije—Expedition) at the eastern frontier of the present day Manyu Division, Southwest Region, Cam- eroon (Nkwi 1989; Hoffmann 2007; Hafeneder 2008). Ayperolius adolphi-friederici Ahl, 1931a: 116. Holotype. ZMB 36114, “Rugegewald, 2000 m Hohe” [Nyungwe Forest, Cyangugu Prefecture, West Province, Rwanda], collected during the first “Deutsche Zentral— Afrika—Expedition”, VIT/1907. Present name. Hyperolius castaneus Ahl, 1931a. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 399, fig. 274). Under the leadership of Adolf Friedrich, Duke of Meck- lenburg, the first “Deutsche Zentral—A frika—Expedition” had the goal of scientifically investigating the areas of the zse.pensoft.net Tillack, F. et al.: A type catalogue of the Hyperoliidae western branch of the East African Rift Valley. Among the expedition members who collected herpetological material were Schubotz and Grauer (meeting at Lake Kivu, see also remarks on Hyperolius callichromus) as well as von Raven. On 29 May 1907, the expedition start- ed in Mombasa [Kenya], led via “Port Florence” [Kisu- mu at the northeastern coast of Lake Victoria, Kenya] to “Bukoba” [June 1907, Bukoba Urban District, Kagera Region, Tanzania] on the western shore of Lake Victoria. From here, almost 600 expedition members headed west to “Kifumbiro” [June 1907, a German military post at the ferry over the Kagera River], and to “Rufua” [July 1907, a military post in the northern Mpororo Region, Ntun- gamo District, Western Region, Uganda]. From here the expedition moved south to the “Mohasi See” [July 1907; Lake Mohasi, Rwanda] and “Niansa” [August 1907] and from there in western direction to the military station “Is- changi” [August 1907; Shangi, Gafunzo, Ruhango Dis- trict, Southern Province, Rwanda] at the southern tip of Lake Kivu. Then, the caravan turned north, crossed Lake Kivu with a stop at “Kwidschwi” Island [September 1907; Idj- wi (Ijwi) Island, Lake Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo] and reached “Kissenji’” [September 1907; Giseny1 on the northeast shore of Lake Kivu, close to the border of Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda]. From there they went to Rutschurru [December 1907, Rutshuru, North Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo] and further north to Vitshumbi [December 1907] at the southern tip of Lake Edward. The expedition continued further along the west coast of Lake Albert to reach the Rwenzori Mountains via Kasindi [January 1908]. From Fort Beni [January to February 1908] on the western slopes of the Rwenzori Mountains the expedition went to Kassenje [March 1908] on the southwestern shore of Lake Albert. From here, the expedition turned west. Via Mawambi [April 1908] on the Ituri River and Avakubi [April 1908], it went along the left bank of the Aruwimi River to Basoko [May 1908; Tshopo Province, Dem- ocratic Republic of Congo] to the confluence with the Congo River, where the expedition ended in June 1908 (Schubotz 1909, 1912; Bamps 1975). The extensive zoo- logical-botanical collections made during this expedition, including nearly 3000 vertebrates, were deposited at the ZMB and the Botanical Museum in Berlin. Most of the herpetological results of the expedition were published by Nieden (1913, Amphibia) and Sternfeld (1913, Reptilia). From 1909 to 1910 a second “Deutsche Zentral—A fri- ka—Expedition’, also under the leadership of Adolf Fried- rich, Duke of Mecklenburg, extended along a main route from Cameroon via Spanish Guinea [Equatorial Guinea], Gabon, the Congo and the Ubangi River up to Fort de Possel [Possel, Central African Republic], and from there further north to Lake Chad and back via North Camer- oon to the Niger Delta. Schubotz, who accompanied this expedition, deviated along the Ubangi River eastwards, in order to follow the White Nile in southern Sudan and returned via Khartoum and Egypt to Germany (Mecklen- burg 1921). Zoosyst. Evol. 97 (2) 2021, 407-450 Hyperolius adspersus Peters, 1877a: 619, pl., fig. 6. Holotype. ZMB 9176, “Chinchoxo (Westafrika)* [Cab- inda Province, Angola], don. Africanische Gesellschaft. Present name. Hyperolius adspersus Peters, 1877a. Remarks. The “Africanische Gesellschaft’, or for- mally “Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Erforschung Aequato- rial-Africas”, sponsored the “Loango—Expedition” from 1873-1876 under the leadership of the German geogra- pher and explorer Richard Paul Wilhelm Gussfeldt. The expedition had the task to establish a station at the Loango coast (at Chinchoxo), which was to serve as a depot for the material collected during the expedition. Geograph- ic-topographical explorations into the interior of the Afri- can continent were also intended to be carried out. With an interdisciplinary research team, comprising the medical officer and zoologist Julius Falkenstein, the geographer Eduard Pechuél-Loesche, the geodesist von Gorschen, Reserve Lieutenant Hans von Hattorf, the mechanic Otto Lindner, the botanist Herman Soyaux, and the topogra- pher Major Alexander von Mechow, Gussfeld travelled for two years, starting in July 1873. They mainly followed the coastal area of Cabinda, on the Kouilo river, the Chi- luango river, and on the lower course of the Nyanga river. From March 1874, they turned to Luanda, on the Cuan- go to Dondo and to the rapids of Cambambe, as well as to Quicombo and Novo Redondo (Gussfeldt et al. 1879, Weidmann 1894, Heintze 2007, Marques et al. 2018). The amphibians and reptiles collected during these trips were sent to ZMB and described by Peters (1877a, b). Ayperolius albifrons Ahl, 1931a: 81. Holotype. ZMB 36095, “Afrika (ohne genaueren Fundort [without precise locality])’, collector and/or donor unknown. Present name. Hyperolius marmoratus Rapp, 1842. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 355, fig. 230). Ayperolius albofrenatus Ahl, 1931a: 53. Holotype. ZMB 86012, “Deutsch-Ost-Afrika (genauerer Fundort unbekannt [without precise locality])” [probably Tanzania], coll. Ule, 22.X1.1912. Present name. Hyperolius albofrenatus Ahl, 1931a. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 315, fig. 189). There remains confusion about the collector and, related to this, the likely place of collection. A man by the name of Ernst Heinrich Georg Ule collected in Brazil and do- nated two frogs to the herpetological collection, one with the accession catalogue number C-581 (from November/ December 1912) without further data, and a second one (C-145) on 21 May 1904, collected on the Upper Ama- zon. The frog thus might actually be a South American tree frog and not a hyperoliid. However, another person named Dr. Ferdinand Uhl was a member of the “Deutsche Schutztruppe” in East Africa who collected the holotype of Hyperolius guttolineatus Ahl, 1931 (see below, unlo- 417 cated type specimens). Lastly, a person with the surname Uhle collected in Sumatra, Bolivia and Argentina. Thus, neither the identity of the frog, nor its geographic origin and collector can be determined with certainty. Ayperolius albolabris Ahi, 1931a: 33. Holotype. ZMB 58748, “Kwa Buosch oder Bnorch (Deutsch-Ost-Afrika)’, located in “Kwa Buosch in Stid Kavirondo” [near Lake Victoria, Migori district, south- western Kenya] according to Neumann (1898: 242), coll. Oscar Rudolph Neumann, 26.11.1894. Present name. Hyperolius glandicolor Peters, 1878. Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 288, fig. 161). Ayperolius alticola Ahi, 1931a: 106. Lectotype. ZMB 39008, “Ruwenzori, 1800 m hoch” [Rwenzori Mountains, Democratic Republic of the Con- go], collected during the first “Deutsche Zentral—A frika— Expedition’, IT/1908. Paralectotype. ZMB 74944, same collecting data as for the lectotype. Present name. Hyperolius discodactylus Ahl, 193 1a. Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 380, fig. 255). Lec- totype designation by Liedtke et al. (2014) who rediscov- ered the type specimens in the ZMB collection. Hyperolius angolensis see Hyperolius decorates, Hyperolius insignis, Hy- perolius nossibeensis, Hyperolius vermiculatus. Ayperolius argentophthalmus Ahl, 1931a: 83. Holotype. ZMB 36092, “ohne genauen Fundort” [with- out specified locality], collector or donor unknown. Present name. Hyperolius concolor (Hallowell, 1844). Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 357, fig. 233). Ayperolius argentovittis Ahl, 1931a: 72. Holotype. ZMB 85718, “Uji (Udjidji, Tanganyika-See, Deutsch-Ost-Afrika)” [Ujiji, Kigoma Province, Tanza- nia], coll. Paul Hésemann (Fig. 5). Present name. Hyperolius marginatus Peters, 1854. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 346, fig. 220). Dr. Hésemann served in the colonial German Schutz- truppe as medical officer [Stabsarzt], undertook anthro- pological studies, and between 1897 and 1907, collect- ed zoological objects on the northeastern shore of Lake Tanganyika (Udjidji), in the Kissaka Region (southeast of Lake Mugesera, Ngoma and Kirehe Districts, East- ern Province, Rwanda] and between Mwanza and Moshi [northern Tanzania] (Ho6semann 1897, Hafeneder 2010). Among others, he participated in the “German—French zse.pensoft.net 418 Figure 5. Holotype of Hyperolius argentovittis Ahl, 1931a, ZMB 85718 from “Ujiji (Udjidji, Tanganyika-See, Deutsch-Ost-A fri- ka)’, coll. Hésemann. Border Expedition” (October 1901 to December 1902) to define the southern border of Cameroon, during which he mapped the area from the camp Nyengwe, south of Kampo, to the Ngoko station in the Sanga Ngoko area (Danckelmann 1901; Fitzner 1901). Ayperolius argus Peters, 1854: 628. Syntypes. ZMB 4807 (two specimens according to Peters 1882b and ZMB inventory catalogue), “Boror’ [Com- panhia do Boror, Zambezia Province, Mozambique], coll. Wilhelm Carl Hartwig Peters. Present name. Hyperolius argus Peters, 1854. Remarks. Peters (1882b: 165) refers to two syntypes which he found in March 1846 in a bush at the edge of the forest near Boror. Depicted in Peters (1882b, pl. 22, fig. 6) and mentioned and depicted by Tornier (1896: 146, pl. 4, fig. 72 [=ZMB 4807]). Only one syntype could be located. Hyperolius argus see Hyperolius flavoviridis, Hyperolius tettensis. Ayperolius asper Ahl, 1931a: 49. Holotype. ZMB 36106, “Nairobi” [Kenya], coll. Felice Thomas. Present name. Hyperolius marmoratus Rapp, 1842. Remarks. Between 1896 and 1903 the engineer and transport officer of the “Mombasa—Uganda Railway” in British East Africa, Felice (sometimes Felix) Thomas sent several shipments, containing amphibians and rep- tiles, from the Kenyan coast province (Mombasa and Takanugu) and from Nairobi to ZMB. Ayperolius baumanni Ahl, 1931a: 34. Syntypes. ZMB 84956, coll. 26. VII.1894, ZMB 90925— 90926, coll. 07.V.1894, all from “Misahohe, Togo” [Mis- zse.pensoft.net Tillack, F. et al.: A type catalogue of the Hyperoliidae sahome, Agou Prefecture, Plateau Region, Togo], all coll. Ernst Richard Reinhold Baumann. Present name. Hyperolius baumanni Ahl, 193 1a. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 291, fig. 167). Ac- cording to Ahl (1831a: 35) the original series consisted of four specimens, i.e. one collected on 26 July 1894 and three on 07 May 1893. However, the latter year given by Ahl is most probably a typographical error. According to Bau- mann’s preserved original field label, the date of collection was the “7. Mai 1894”. Another paratype MCZ A-17627 from “Misahohe, Togo”, coll. Baumann on 07 May 1894, was sent in exchange from ZMB in 1932 (Barbour and Loveridge 1946: 127). The latter specimen was erroneous- ly regarded as a holotype by Seniagbeto et al. (2007: 77). The natural scientist and cartographer Baumann joined the German Colonial Service in 1893. He worked at Klein Popo [Aného, Lacs Prefecture, Maritime Region, Togo] and was later stationed at Misahohe [Agou Prefec- ture, Plateau Region, Togo] where he was deputy station chief from 1894—95. In November 1894, he accompanied the “Togo—Hinterland—Expedition” headed by the colo- nial officer Hans Gruner along the Volta River to Kete Kratschi [Kete Krachi, Oti Region, Ghana] and returned to Misahohe. In the hinterland of the station (Agome Re- gion) he collected zoological, botanical and ethnological objects, which were given to the museums in Berlin. In 1895 he returned to Germany where he died on 4 Sep- tember as a result of malaria that he contracted on his re- turn journey (Danckelmann 1895; Reichenow 1897; Heb 1902; Hafeneder 2008). Hyperolius bicolor see unlocated type specimens’. HAyperolius bitaeniatus Ahl, 1931a: 58. Holotype. ZMB 39004, “Konde-Nika, Deutsch-Ost-Af- rika” [Region at the northern tip of Lake Malawi, Mbeya and Njombe Region, Tanzania], coll. Friedrich Georg Hans Heinrich Filleborn. Paratypes. ZMB_ 11919, “Deutsch-Ost-Afrika“, coll. Oscar Rudolph Neumann and ZMB 85835-85840, “Konde-Nika“, coll. Friedrich Georg Hans Heinrich Fil- leborn. Present name. Hyperolius mariae Barbour & Love- ridge, 1928. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 322, fig. 196). An- other paratype MCZ A-17628 from “Konde-Nika”, coll. Fulleborn was sent in exchange from ZMB to MCZ in 1932 (Barbour and Loveridge 1946: 127). Ayperolius bivittatus Peters, 1854: 627. Syntypes. ZMB 4529 and ZMB 52503-52509 (former- ly part of ZMB 4529), “Boror” [Companhia do Boror, Zambezia Province, Mozambique], coll. Wilhelm Carl Hartwig Peters. Zoosyst. Evol. 97 (2) 2021, 407-450 Present name. Afrixalus fornasini (Bianconi, 1849). Remarks. Depicted in Peters (1882b, pl. 24, fig. 2 and pl. 26, fig. 6, sternum). Peters (1882b: 161) specified that he found this species in March 1846, often in grass and on bushes in the Prazo [estate] Boror northwest of Quelli- mane. Poynton and Broadley (1987: 192) incorrectly state that the description of H. bivittatus is based on a holotype. HAyperolius brachiofasciatus Ahl, 1931a: 87. Holotype. ZMB 77723, “Ngoto, Lobaje-Gebiet, Westa- frika” [Lobaye Prefecture, Central African Republic]”, coll. Gunther Theodor Tessmann. Present name. Hyperolius brachiofasciatus Ahl, 193 1a. Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 361, fig. 237). HAyperolius breviceps Ahl, 1931a: 54. Holotype. ZMB 86026, “Tschimbo, Port. Ost-Afrika” [Chemba, Sofala Province, Upper Zambezi, Mozam- bique], coll. Wilhelm Tiesler, 11.XI.1905. Paratypes. ZMB 39012 and ZMB 77753-77754 (for- merly part of ZMB 39012), all from “Eldama River Sta- tion, sudostlich vom Baringo-See, Britisch-Ost-Afrika” [Eldama Ravine, Baringo County, Kenya], all coll. Her- mann Grote. Present name. Hyperolius marmoratus Rapp, 1842. Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 316, fig. 190). Another paratype, MCZ A-17629 from “Eldama River Station’, coll. Grote was sent in exchange from ZMB in 1932 (Barbour and Loveridge 1946: 127). In October 1905 and November 1907, Tiesler sent two shipments, including nearly 300 amphibians and reptiles, to ZMB. This material was collected between November 1904 and January 1906 in Portuguese East Africa [Mo- zambique] and described by Nieden (1915). The vouchers of this collection originated from the following localities: Cabayra, Chifumbazi, Chinta, Costa, Lukunga, Marazi, Missala, Tschimbo, Tschinoupe and from the Zambezi River without any exact locality data. Ayperolius brevipalmatus Ahl, 1931a: 25. Holotype. ZMB 24499, “Sangmelina, Sid Kamerun” [Sangmélina, Lobo Division, South Province, Camer- oon], purch. Franz Hermann Rolle. Present name. Afrixalus brevipalmatus Ahl, 193 1a. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 279, fig. 150). Per- ret (1976b: 21) listed two specimens, 1.e. ZMB 24499 and ZMB 20132, as syntypes of H. brevipalmatus Ahl. However, Ahl’s description is clearly based on a single specimen “1 Sttick [piece]” from “Sangmelina” pur- chased from “Rolle”. Furthermore, the collection data of ZMB 20132 from “Bipindi” [Bipindi village, Océan Department, South Province, Cameroon], coll. Georg Au- 419 gust Zenker, do not match the information provided in the original description. Rolle was a well-known dealer of zoological and en- thnological objects. He maintained a worldwide network of collectors and suppliers and acquired several important collections. From 1889 onwards, he supplied private col- lectors as well as important European museums with zoo- logical objects from Berlin. In later years, he traded objects under the name of the natural history institute “Kosmos”. Hyperolius buchholzi see “unlocated type specimens”. Ayperolius callichromus Ahl, 1931a: 99. Holotype. ZMB 78576, “Westliches Russisi-Ufer und Nordwest-Ufer des Tanganyika” [West Bank of Ruzizi River, Democratic Republic of the Congo], coll. Rudolf Grauer (Fig. 6). Paratypes. ZMB 78577-78583, same data as for the holotype, ZMB 85841-85844 “Usumbura” [Bujumbura, Bujumbura Mairie Province, Burundi], coll. Rudolf Grau- er, ZMB 85854 “Kililana” [opposite of Manda Island, Lamu District, Coast Province, Kenya], coll. Clemens An- dreas Denhard; ZMB 86000, “Kawende’” [region in south Kigoma and northwest Katawi Division, eastern Tanza- nia], coll. Robert Reichert; ZMB 85869-85872, “Dar-es- Salaam” [Dar es Salaam, Tanzania], collector unknown. Present name. Hyperolius marginatus Peters, 1854. Remarks. Drawings illustrating the variation of this taxon are given by Ahl (1931b: 373, fig. 248). Ahl (193 1a: 101) mentioned 27 specimens, of which we could not locate the material collected by Schubotz and Paulus in “Bagamo- jo” and “Zentral Afrika’. Two paratypes, MCZ A-17630- 17631 from “Westliches Russisi-Ufer und Nordwest-Ufer des Tanganyika’, coll. Grauer, were sent in exchange from ZMB in 1932 (Barbour and Loveridge 1946: 126). The Austrian hunter and Africa explorer Grauer under- took several expeditions to Eastern Africa, e.g. to British East Africa [Uganda] (February to May 1904 and Sep- tember to November 1905) and to Tanganyika in 1907, where he met the first “Deutsche Zentral—A frika—Expe- dition” at Lake Kivu in August. Upon this meeting he handed the zoological material he had collected in the “Zwischenseengebiet” [Region between Lake Victoria, Lake Kivu and Lake Malawi, Tanzania] for ZMB and the Walter Rothschild Zoological Museum (now the Natural History Museum at Tring), to the German expedition. Grauer then turned south, travelled along the west bank of Lake Tanganyika and returned to Europe in early 1909 (Schubotz 1909, 1912; OAW 1959; Riedl-Dorn 2001). In November 1909, he returned to Africa, on behalf of the Natural History Museum Vienna (NMW) and travelled to Lake Victoria and Lake Malawi. From there he turned further north along the African Rift Valley to Beni [North Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo], from where he returned to Austria in May 1911. About 250 herpetological objects (mainly reptiles) collected during zse.pensoft.net 420 Figure 6. Holotype of Hyperolius callichromus Ahl, 1931a, ZMB 78576 from “Westliches Russisi-Ufer’, coll. Grauer. this expedition are in the collection of NMW, collected mainly in South Kivu, North Kivu and Orientale Province of D. R. Congo (Silke Schweiger in litt. 5 August 2020). The herpetological collections of Grauer’s last expedition were partly described by Steindachner (1911) and Werner (1924). We refer also to Gemel et al. (2019) for infor- mation about the type material collected by Grauer and deposited in the NMW collection. Ayperolius castaneus Ahl, 1931a: 31. Holotype. ZMB 60230, “Vulkangebiet nord-éstlich des Kivu-See’s” [volcano region northeast of Lake Kivu, Virunga Mountains, along the border between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo], coll. Werner Alborus von Raven, X/1907. Present name. Hyperolius castaneus Ahl, 1931. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 286, fig. 159). The German medical doctor von Raven, who specialized in bacteriology and tropical medicine, accompanied the first “Deutsche Zentral—A frika—Expedition” under the leader- ship of Adolf Friedrich, Duke of Mecklenburg from 1907 to 1908 (Schubotz 1909). For expedition information see account on Hyperolius adolphi-friederici. Hyperolius castaneus see Hyperolius adolphi-friederici, Hyperolius lati- jrons, Hyperolius rugegensis, Hyperolius ventrimac- ulatus. Ayperolius chabanaudi Ahi, 1931a: 124. Holotype. ZMB 18228, “Benilo, Franzoésischer Kongo” [Benito River, Equatorial Guinea], don. William Frederic Henry Rosenberg. Present name. Hyperolius phantasticus (Bouleng- er, 1899). Remarks. The English ornithologist and entomologist Rosenberg collected mainly for the British Museum of zse.pensoft.net Tillack, F. et al.: A type catalogue of the Hyperoliidae Natural History (Gunther 1906). In the accession cat- alogues of the herpetological department at ZMB, it is documented that Rosenberg on multiple occasions sent amphibians and reptiles to ZMB between 1900 and 1925. These vouchers were collected in Columbia, Peru, Ecua- dor, Venezuela, Cameroon, and Equatorial Guinea. HAyperolius coeruleopunctatus Ahl, 1931a: 76. Holotype. ZMB 36115, “Nairobi” [Kenya], coll. Felice Thomas. Paratypes. ZMB 77540-77542, “Nairobi”, coll. F. Thomas and ZMB 85884 “Kibwezi* [Makueni County, Kenya], coll. Georg R. O. Scheffler. Present name. Hyperolius glandicolor Peters, 1878. Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 351, fig. 225). Hyperolius concolor see Hyperolius argentophthalmus, Hyperolius de- pressus, Hyperolius guineensis, Hyperolius moseri (unlocated type specimens), Hyperolius narinus, Hy- perolius petersi, Hyperolius togoensis. Hyperolius concolor guttatus see Hyperolius guttatus, Hyperolius hildebrandti, Hyperolius maximus, Hyperolius pulcher. Ayperolius decipiens Ahi, 1931a: 120. Syntypes. ZMB 39003 and ZMB 77763-77765 (for- merly part of ZMB 39003), “Westliches Russisi-Ufer und Nordwest-Ufer des Tanganyika” [West Bank of Ruzizi River and northwest bank of Lake Tanganyika, Democratic Republic of the Congo], coll. Rudolf Grau- er 1908-1911. Present name. Hyperolius marginatus Peters, 1854. Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 405, fig. 280). An- other paratype, MCZ A-17633 from “Westliches Russi- si-Ufer und Nordwest-Ufer des Tanganyika”, coll. Grau- er, was sent to MCZ in exchange in 1932 (Barbour and Loveridge 1946: 126). HAyperolius decoratus Ahl, 1931a: 78. Lectotype. ZMB 36112, “Longa” [Longa River, Angola], coll. Ludwig J. Brihl or Otto Gleim. Paralectotypes. ZMB 31905-31906, “Angola”, coll. Bruhl; ZMB 38255 and ZMB 77797 (formerly part of ZMB 38255), “Longa, Angola”, coll. Brihl or Gleim; ZMB 77752, “Angola” coll. Gleim. Present name. Hyperolius angolensis Steindachner, 1867 (fide Marques et al. 2018). Remarks. Lectotype designation by Perret (1962). Another paralectotype MCZ A-17632 from “Longa”, coll. Bruhl and Gleim, was sent in exchange from ZMB Zoosyst. Evol. 97 (2) 2021, 407-450 in 1932 (Barbour and Loveridge 1946: 127). Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 352, fig. 227). Ahl (1931a: 80) stated that seven specimens were collected by “Brthl and Gleim”. However, these two people were not active in Angola at the same time (see below). It is possible that specimens of both collectors were stored together. Thus, it is no longer possible to assign the specimens to one collector. Gleim was Deputy Governor of the German Colony of Togo from 1896 to 1898. From 1899, he was sent to Sao Paolo de Loanda by the “Kolonialabteilung des Auswar- tigen Amtes”, where he served as the first professional consul for Angola and French Congo. From 1910 to 1911 he was Governor of Cameroon (Schnee 1920a). On his return from Angola to Germany in 1901, he donated var- ious collections of vertebrates and invertebrates to ZMB. In 1928 Prof. Dr. Brihl, at that time custodian at the Insti- tut fiir Meereskunde Berlin, donated the insects and ver- tebrates he collected in Mossamedes (Angola) from 1922 to 1923 to ZMB. HAyperolius depressus Ahl, 1931a: 61. Holotype. ZMB 43554, “Misahdhe, Togo” [Missahomeé, Agou Prefecture, Plateau Region, Togo], coll. Ernst Rich- ard Reinhold Baumann. Present name. AHyperolius ell, 1844). Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 326, fig. 200). concolor (Hallow- HAyperolius dermatus Ahl, 1931a: 108. Holotype. ZMB 85999, “Cabayra (Port. Ost-Afrika)” [? Cabaira, Cahora Bassa District, Tete Province, Mo- zambique], coll. Wilhelm Tiesler, 20. VII.1905. Present name. Hyperolius marmoratus Rapp, 1842. Remarks. Ah! (1931a: 109) incorrectly names “Teis- ler” as collector. The exact position of the type locality remain dubious. There is also a Cabaia in the Zambézia province, district of Namacurra, area of Macuze, but it is unclear if this locality was intended. Ayperolius dintelmanni Litters & Schmitz, 2004: 150. Paratype. ZMB 79543,“Edib Hills (ca. 1,200 m above sea level) Bakossi Mountain, Southwest Cameroon (4°57'N, 9°39'E)” [type locality], coll. Oliver Euskirchen and Andreas Schmitz, 03.XII.1997. Present status. Hyperolius dintelmanni Lotters & Schmitz, 2004. Remarks. Holotype ZFMK 67871 and ten paratypes ZFMK 67441, 67443-447, ZFMK 67453, ZFMK 67872— 67873 and ZFMK 67890 all from the type locality. ZMB 79543 (formerly ZFMK 67442), was given in exchange to ZMB on 18.X.2013 (see also Bohme 2014). 421 Ayperolius discodactylus Ahl, 1931a: 89. Holotype. ZMB 36089, “Rugegewald” [Nyungwe For- est, Cyangugu Prefecture, West Province, Rwanda], coll. Rudolf Grauer. Present name. Hyperolius discodactylus Ahl, 1931. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 364, fig. 239). Ac- cording to Ahl (1931a: 90) the original series consists of seven specimens from “Rugegewald”, including the “Type” and from “westlich des Albert-Edward-Sees’s” [west of Lake Edward, Democratic Republic of the Con- go], all coll. Grauer. A paratype MCZ A-17634 from Lake Edward, coll. Grauer was sent in exchange to MCZ in 1932 (Barbour and Loveridge 1946: 128). The remaining five paratypes could not be located. Liedtke et al. (2014) regarded ZMB 36089 as lectotype and restricted the type locality to “Nyungwe Forest (most likely Rwasenkoko [Uwasenkoko])”. Hyperolius discodactylus see Hyperolius alticola. Hyperolius dorsalis Peters, 1875: 206, pl. 1, fig. 2. Syntypes. ZMB 4488, “Boutry” [Butre (Bootry), Ahan- ta West District, Western Region, Ghana], don. Hermann Schlegel (Museum Leyden), and ZMB 8850 “Victoria” [Limbe, Fako Division, Southwest Region, Cameroon], coll. Ernst Richard Reinhold Baumann. Present name. Afrixalus dorsalis (Peters, 1875). Remarks. Peters’ (1875) description was based on an unknown number of syntypes. He mentioned several specimens found in a pond in Victoria of which we could locate only one specimen. Mertens (1938) restricted the type locality to “Boutry”’. Ayperolius fimbriolatus Buchholz & Peters in Peters, 1876: 121. Syntypes. ZMB 8830 and ZMB 65178 (formerly part of ZMB 8830), “Limbareni am Ogowe” [Lambaréné on the river Ogooué (or Ogowe), Moyen-Ogooué Province, Ga- bon], coll. Reinhold Wilhelm Buchholz. Present name. Hyperolius olivaceus Peters, 1876. Remarks. Depicted in Tornier (1896, pl. 4, fig. 100 and 101) and partly redrawn in Ahl (1931b: 332, fig. 205). The name Rappia fimbriata Tornier (1896: 153, pl. 4, figs 100, 101) is categorized as nomen inquirendum, “Name(s) unassigned to a living or extinct population” by Frost (2021). Tornier (1896) attributed the authorship of this name to “B e P” which refer to Buchholz and Pe- ters instead of “Dumeril and Bibron” as claimed by Frost (2021). Tornier (I.c.) mentioned the type material as col- lected at “Gowe Limbareni”, a writing error for “Lim- bareni am Ogowe [river]” (Peters 1876). However, Buch- holz and Peters never together described a reed frog with zse.pensoft.net 422 the specific epithet “fimbriata’. Tornier’s name fimbriata does not meet the requirements of Art. 33.2 of the ‘Code’ (ICZN 1999) for an “emendation”. We therefore consider fimbriata Tornier, 1896 as an incorrect subsequent spell- ing of the specific epithet fimbriolata Buchholz & Peters in Peters, 1876. HAyperolius flavoguttatus Ahi, 1931a: 96. Holotype. ZMB 39011, “Bukoba” [Bukoba Urban Dis- trict, Kagera Region, Tanzania], coll. Franz Ludwig Stuhlmann. Paratypes. ZMB 75607 (formerly part of ZMB 39011), from “Bukoba”, coll. Stuhlmann and ZMB 85757, “Kenia”, coll. Johann Georg Kolb, 1894. Present name. Hyperolius viridiflavus (Dumeril & Bi- bron, 1841). Remarks. Depicted in Tornier (1896: 136, fig. 1) and redrawn in Ahl (1931b: 370, fig. 245). According to Ahl (1931a: 97) the original series consists of five specimens from “Bukoba”, including the “Type” and from “Kenia”, collected by Stuhlmann and Kolb. Another paratype MCZ A-17635 from “Bukoba”’, coll. Stuhlmann, was sent to MCZ in exchange in 1932 (Barbour and Loveridge 1946: 128). The fourth paratype could not be located. The German zoologist, cartographer, explorer and colonial official Stuhlmann spent a total of 14 years in East Africa. With the financial support of the Akademie der Wissenschaften [Academy of Sciences] zu Berlin, he investigated the coastal regions of Zanzibar and the adjacent mainland including “Usegta” and “Ungutu” in present-day Tanzania in the summer of 1888; then, un- til mid-1889, the area of the Zambezi estuary around Quelimane in Mozambique. From April 1890 to 1892, Stuhlmann participated as a scientist, together with Lieu- tenant Wilhelm Langheld, on the expedition of Mehmed Emin Pasha [also known as Eduard Karl Oskar Theodor Schnitzer] to the German East African colonial area. The expedition led them from Bagamoyo (26 April 1890) via Tabora (29 July) to Bukoba on Lake Victoria (November 1890). From here, Stuhlmann undertook a trip on Lake Victoria to Murchison Bay in Uganda (December 1890) and reached Mengo Mountain (26 to 29 December) via Manjongo [Rubaga Division, Kampala District, Central Region, Uganda]. After his return to Bukoba, he set off (12 February 1891) towards the west in the Karagwe Re- gion, and after crossing the Kagera River (06 April 1891), the expedition reached the southwestern tip of Lake Ed- ward in early May 1891. The expedition turned west of Lake Edward another 250 km to the north, but was term1- nated in mid-September 1891 due to insurmountable dif- ficulties. With a group of 27 askaris (local soldiers serving in European colonial armies) and 100 porters Stuhlmann went back to Bukoba, where he arrived on 17 March 1891. Emin Pasha, in contrast decided to stay behind with sick expedition members, turned southwest towards zse.pensoft.net Tillack, F. et al.: A type catalogue of the Hyperoliidae the Congo River and was murdered by Arab slave traders 80 km from this destination at Kinene on Mwiko River on 20 October 1892. Stuhlmann’s herpetological collec- tions from these expeditions were sent to Johann Georg Pfeffer at the Zoologische Museum Hamburg, who pub- lished the first results (Pfeffer 1889, 1893). Parts of these collections, including “Doubletten” [doublets], were lat- er donated to ZMB (Stuhlmann 1893; Tornier 1896). In July 1892 Stuhlmann returned to Bagamoyo on the East African coast, where he engaged in cartography and oth- er scientific activities in Dar-es-Salaam and its surround- ings until 1901. Between December 1900 and June 1901 Stuhlmann visited India, Sri Lanka, Singapore, and Indo- nesia. After returning to Africa, he was offered the post of the director of the “Biologisch-Landwirtschaftliche Insti- tut Amani” [Agro-biological Institute Amani] in Usamba- ra in July 1901, a post he took up in June 1903 and held until the end of 1905. During his last stay in Africa from December 1906 to January 1908, he worked in Amani primarily on the completion of his “Kulturgeschichte von Ostafrika” [Cultural history of East Africa] published in 1909. After various tropical diseases, he left the African continent at the age of 43 years with his health “exhaust- ed” on 27 January 1908, and returned to Germany (Stuhl- mann 1891, 1893, 1894, 1909; Danckelmann 1891, 1892: Weidmann 1894; Schnee 1920b; Bindseil 2008; Schabel 1990; Wenzel GeiBler et al. 2020). HAyperolius flavoviridis Peters, 1854: 628. Holotype. ZMB 6631, “Boror’ [Companhia do Boror, Zambezia Province, Mozambique], coll. Wilhelm Carl Hartwig Peters. Present name. Hyperolius argus Peters, 1854. Remarks. Depicted in Peters (1882b, pl. 22, fig. 4). Bauer et al. (1995: 44) regarded two specimens, 1.e. ZMB 6631 and ZMB 6632 as syntypes of H. flavoviridis. How- ever, Peters (1854: 628) mentioned only material from “Boror” in his original description and he specified later (1882b: 164) that he got only one male from that local- ity, which corresponds to ZMB 6631. Although ZMB 6632 from “Halbinsel Cabaceira” [Peninsula Cabaceira, Mossuril District, Nampula Province, Mozambique], col- lected in June 1843, is marked by Peters’ hand as type of H. flavoviridis in the ZMB inventory catalogues, the stated locality does not correspond with the type local- ity. Another two specimens from “Tette” donated from ZMB to the collection in Leiden (RMNH RENA-1780 and 1785) have been regarded as possible syntypes of H. flavoviridis (Bauer et al. 1995: 44, Gasso Miracle et al. 2007: 36). Both specimens can be excluded as types of H. flavoviridis because of the locality information, being different from the type locality. Likewise they cannot be the types of H. tettensis because of the single female type specimen mentioned by Peters (1882b: 164) is ZMB 4812 (see below). Zoosyst. Evol. 97 (2) 2021, 407-450 HAyperolius friedemanni Mercurio and Rédel in Channing, Hillers, Létters, Rédel, Schick, Conradie, Rédder, Mercurio, Wagner, Dehling, Du Preez, Kielgast & Burger, 2013: 20, fig. 4D, fig. 6, second row left. Paratype. ZMB 76095, “Karionga, Malawi, 9°55'59.6"S, 33°56'44.6"N, 472 m a.s.l.” [Karonga District, Northern Region, Malawi], coll. Vincenzo Mercurio, 07.II.2007. Present name. Hyperolius friedemanni Mercurio and Rodel 2013. Remarks. Holotype: SMF 85694 from “Karionga, Malawi, 9°55'59.6"S, 33°56'44.6"N, 472 m a.s.l.”, coll. Mercurio, 07.11.2007 and additional paratypes: SAIAB 186000 (two juveniles) from “Monkey Bay, Malawv’, collector not mentioned. Ayperolius friedrichsi Ahi, 1930d: 67. Holotype. ZMB 30637, “Antananarivo, Madagaskar” [Analamanga Region, Madagascar], coll. Karl Friedrichs [sic] aus Rostock. Present name. Heferixalus betsileo (Grandidier, 1872). Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 422, fig. 295). From October 1914 until the end of 1915, the German zoologist and colonial officer Prof. Dr. Friederichs, who was a prisoner of war during the First World War, col- lected in the courtyard of the French Fort Duchesne (on a hill opposite of Antananarivo, ca. 1400 m a.s.I.). Later, he continued collecting until 1916 on Kap Diego [Cap Diego, Antsiranana I District, Diana Region, Diego Su- arez Province] in northern Madagascar (SchultheB 1918; Friederichs 1919). HAyperolius fuelleborni Ahi, 1931a: 75. Syntypes. ZMB 71184-71186 and 85925-85927, “Neu Helgoland“ [Pugulo (or Papaya Island), a small rock is- land in Lake Malawi, Mbinga District, Ruvuma Region, Tanzania]; ZMB 77465-77468, 85919-85921, 85928, 85964-85971, 86138, 90972, “Langenburg” [Lumbira, Mbeya Region, Tanzania]; ZMB 85922-85924, “Langen- burg — Nordende des Nyassa“ [Lumbira at the northern shore of Lake Malawi]; ZMB 85972-85973, 90928, “Mi- ramba bei Langenburg“ [Miramba near Lumbira]; ZMB 85929-85963, 85974-85988, 86017, 86132-86137, 90929-90948, “Rugwe“ [Rungwe village, Mbeya Re- gion, Tanzania]; ZMB 86128-86131, “S’ongwe” [Son- gwe, at the border to Malawi on the northwestern tip of Lake Malawi, Kyela District, South Mbeya Region, Tan- zania|; ZMB 86126-86127 “D.O.A.” [German East Af- rica], all coll. Friedrich Georg Hans Heinrich Fulleborn, 1897-1899 (Fulleborn 1900a, b) (Fig. 7). Present name. Hyperolius marmoratus Rapp, 1842. 423 Figure 7. Syntype of Hyperolius fuelleborni Ahl, 1931a, ZMB 71186 from “Neu Helgoland” coll. Fulleborn. Remarks. Two drawings showing the variation of this taxon are presented by Ahl (1931b: 349, fig. 224). According to Ahl (1931a: 76) 199 specimens were origi- nally present. Two paratypes, MCZ A-17636—17637 from ‘“Miramba bei Langenburg”, coll. Filleborn, were sent to MCZ in 1932 (Barbour and Loveridge 1946: 128). Ayperolius fusciventris Peters, 1876: 122. Syntypes. ZMB 6635, “Liberia”, don. Stephen Allen Benson, and ZMB 8668, “Liberia”, coll. Heinrich Wolf- gang Ludwig Dohrn. Present name. Hyperolius fusciventris Peters, 1876. Remarks. Peters (1876: 122) explicitly mentions the inventory numbers for the two syntypes in ZMB. The Prussian zoologist H. Dohrn travelled between 1864 and 1866 in West Africa where he collected mainly verte- brates. He exchanged his duplicates with MSNG, NMW, RMNH and ZMB (Pfaffl 2017). Hyperolius fusciventris see Hyperolius oeseri, Hyperolius rosaceus, Hypero- lius trifasciatus. HAyperolius glandicolor Peters, 1878: 209, pl. 2, fig. 9. Syntypes. ZMB 9299 and ZMB 77768 (formerly part of ZMB 9299), “Taita” [Taita Hills, Taita-Taveta County, Kenya], coll. Johann Maria Hildebrandt. Present name. Hyperolius glandicolor Peters, 1878. Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1831b: 345, fig. 219), re- printed from Peters (1878). In March 1872, Hildebrandt travelled from Berlin via Egypt to the southwest coast of the Arabian Peninsula and to Aden, where he stayed until the end of 1872. In spring 1873, he went from Zanzibar to Karachi and trav- elled the Indus upwards. After returning to Zanzibar in July 1873, he travelled the Wami and Kingani (Rufu) zse.pensoft.net 424 Rivers in present-day Tanzania together with the animal trader and director of the Hamburg Zoo, Carl Gottfried Wilhelm Heinrich Hagenbeck, and then visited the southern Somali coast alone. He returned to Europe in August 1874. In February 1875, Hildebrandt arrived again in Aden and visited the “Serrut Mountains” [Somaliland]. Then he went to Zanzibar and the Comoros (Johanna Island [Anjouan], June to September 1875). Back in Zanzibar he prepared his expedition into the Inner Africa, via Pan- gani [Tanzania], Lamu, through the South Gala countries up the Tana River. He had to return to Mombasa due to illness in December 1875. In November 1876 he start- ed again from Zanzibar via Mombasa (10 January 1877) in the direction of Mount Kenya. He travelled the Taita, Ukamba and Kitui areas, but had to return to Momba- sa without reaching his actual destination Mount Kenya, from which he was only a three days’ march away. He arrived again in Mombasa in August 1877 (Kurtz 1877). The type material of H. glandicolor was collected from June to July 1877 during Hildebrandt’s stay in the Taita region (Hildebrandt 1877). Hyperolius glandicolor see Hyperolius albolabris, Hyperolius coeruleopunc- tatus, Hyperolius goetzei, Hyperolius pulchromar- moratus, Hyperolius scheffleri, Hyperolius striola- tus, Hyperolius bergeri (unlocated type specimen). HAyperolius goetzei Ahl, 1931a: 128. Holotype. ZMB 53181, “Uhehe” [Uhehe Highlands, Iringa Region, Tanzania], coll. Walter Goetze, 1899. Paratype: ZMB 53182, “Massai-Nyika” [Massai Steppe, Tanzania], coll. Oscar Rudolph Neumann, 1893. Present name. Hyperolius glandicolor Peters, 1878. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 413, fig. 286). From 1898 to November 1899 the gardener and botanist Goetze travelled from Uhehe [Iringa Region] to Langen- burg [Lumbira at the northern shore of Lake Malawi] and collected in the mountainous region between Lake Ruk- wa and Lake Malawi, particularly in the Kinga Moun- tains [Kipengere Range SW Tanzania] (Engler 1902; Ur- ban 1917). Ayperolius granulosus Peters, 1867: 891, footnote. Syntypes. ZMB 4811 and ZMB 75652 (formerly part of ZMB 4811), “Mossambique”, coll. Wilhelm Carl Hartwig Peters. Present name. Hyperolius marmoratus Rapp, 1842. Remarks. Peters (1882b: 162) specified the locality for the two syntypes as “Capanga am Fltisschen Mu- tizi Ostlich von Tette” [Capanga, Maravia District, Tete Province, Mozambique] where he collected on August 8, 1845. One of the specimens is depicted in Peters (1882b, pl. 22, fig. 3). zse.pensoft.net Tillack, F. et al.: A type catalogue of the Hyperoliidae The name Rappia granulata Tornier (1896: 151) is cat- egorized as nomen inquirendum, “Name(s) unassigned to a living or extinct population” by Frost (2021) who placed the type locality “Tette” mistakenly in Tanzania. Tornier (1896) attributed the authorship of this name to Peters and mentioned the type specimens by number (ZMB 4811). However, Peters never described a reed frog with the specific epithet “granulata’. Tornier’s name granulata does not meet the requirements of Art. 33.2 of the ‘Code’ (ICZN 1999) for an “emendation”. We therefore consider granulata Tornier, 1896 as an incorrect subsequent spell- ing of the specific epithet granulosus Peters, 1867. Ayperolius graueri Ahi, 1931a: 131. Holotype. ZMB 85758, “Westliches Russisi-Ufer und Nordwestufer des Tanganyika-See’s” [West Bank of Ruz- izi River, Democratic Republic of the Congo and north- western shore of Lake Tanganyika], coll. Rudolf Grauer 1908-1911. Present name. Hyperolius marginatus Peters, 1854. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 420, fig. 292). HAyperolius guineensis Ahl, 1931a: 30. Holotype. ZMB 77464, “Guinea”, don. Hermann Schle- gel (Museum Leyden). Present name. Hyperolius concolor (Hallow- ell, 1844). Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 285, fig. 158). Ayperolius gularis Ahi, 1931a: 125. Holotype. ZMB 83544, “Loanda” [Luanda, Angola], coll. Carl May. Present name. Hyperolius gularis Ahl, 1931. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 408, fig. 281). First Lieutenant May collected between 1901 and 1903 in Luanda and surroundings, e.g. in Mubella near Funda on the Bengo River [Municipality of Cacuaco, Luanda Prov- ince, Angola] (Matschie 1906). He donated the collected zoological objects as gifts to ZMB from 1902 to 1903 (Anonymous 1903, 1904). Recently, the type was errone- ously mentioned as probably lost by Marques et al. (2018). HAyperolius guttatus Peters, 1875: 207, pl. 2, fig. 3. Lectotype. ZMB 8378, “Cameruns” [Douala, Region Lit- toral, Cameroon], coll. Georg Anton Eugen Reichenow, don. Reinhold Wilhelm Buchholz. Paralectotype. ZMB 4489. “Boutry” [Butre (Bootry), Ahanta West District, Western Region, Ghana], coll. Hendrik Severinus Pel, don. Hermann Schlegel (Museum Leiden). Present name. Hyperolius concolor guttatus Peters, 1875, according to Frétey et al. (2014). Zoosyst. Evol. 97 (2) 2021, 407-450 Remarks. Lectotype by subsequent designation of Laurent (1961: 73). Frétey et al. (2014) corrected the type locality to “Douala” based on an account and a map of Buchholz’ Central African travels provided by Heiners- dorff (1880). According to the latter, Buchholz visited “Cameroons” between October 1872 and August 1874. According to Frétey et al. (2014) the collection in RMNH holds four additional paralectotypes (RMNH RENA 1788 A-D) from “Boutry”, coll. Pel (not listed by Gasso Mir- acle et al. 2007). Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 354, fig. 229) figuring paralectotype ZMB 4489. For the origin, history and status of Hyperolius guttatus and drawings, photo- graphs and redescriptions of the ZMB type specimens we refer to the revision by Frétey et al. (2014). The Berlin ornithologist Reichenow travelled together with Lthder and Buchholz from spring 1872 ona one year collecting trip to “Akkra” on the Gold Coast [Accra, Gha- na| and the region around “Camaroons” [Douala Region, Cameroon] (Reichenow 1874; Heinersdorf 1880; Weid- mann 1894; Stresemann 1943; see also remarks on Hyper- olius acutirostris). Reichenow was assistant in the fish and reptile department in ZMB until Wilhelm Peters’ death. From 1883 he worked as an administrator and assistant in the mammal and reptile department. In 1888 he became curator for the reptile, bird and mammal exhibition in the new ZMB building on the Ivalidenstrafe. After the retire- ment of his father-in-law Jean Louis Bennoit Cabanis in 1892, and after almost twenty years conducting various activities at ZMB, Reichenow took over as the curator of the ornithological collection (Stresemann 1943). Hyperolius hieroglyphicus Ahl, 1931a: 126. Lectotype. ZMB 20793, “Bamenda, Kamerun” [Mezam Department, Northwest Region, Cameroon], coll. First Lieutenant Karl Moritz Ernst Gustav Wilhelm Adametz. Paralectotypes. ZMB 20795, 77728 (formerly part of ZMB 20793), 77798-77801 (formerly part of ZMB 20795), coll. Adametz, 1909; ZMB 27270, 77756-77757 (formerly part of ZMB 22270), coll. Hans Glauning, X— XI/1907; ZMB 22321, coll. Lieutenant Naumann, 1911; all specimens from “Bamenda”’. Present name. Hyperolius riggenbachi (Nieden, 1910). Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 409, fig. 282) modified from Nieden (1910: 243, fig. 3). Lecotype des- ignation by Laurent (1961: 76). Photograph of the lec- totype in Perret (1962: 243, fig. 1). Another paratype MCZ A-17638 from “Bamenda”, coll. Adametz, was sent to MCZ in exchange from ZMB in 1932 (Barbour and Loveridge 1946: 128). Ayperolius hildebrandti Ahi, 1931a: 64. Holotype. ZMB 8378, “Kamerun” [Douala, Region Lit- toral, Cameroon], coll. Georg Anton Eugen Reichenow, don. Reinhold Wilhelm Buchholz. 425 Present name. Hyperolius concolor guttatus Peters, 1875, according to Frétey et al. (2014). Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 334, fig. 207), copied from Peters (1875, pl. 2, fig. 3). The same spec- imen that is the holotype of H. hildebrandti is also the lectotype of H. guttatus Peters, 1875. For the origin, history and status as well as type localities, drawings, photographs and redescriptions of the ZMB types of H. guttatus and H. hildebrandti, we refer to the revision by Frétey et al. (2014). Ayperolius houyi Ahl, 1931: 101. Holotype. ZMB 39099, “SW-Ussagara (Neu-Kamer- un)“ [partly in error, see remarks below], coll. Reinhardt Houy, 29.X1.1911. Present name. Hyperolius houyi Ahl, 1931a. Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 374, fig. 249). The type locality indicated by Ahl (1931a: 102) is mislead- ing and composed of two different regions which are far apart. Houy was a member of the “Lagone—Pama—Expe- dition 1912-13”, which he accompanied as government doctor and zoologist to “Neu-Kamerun’’, and several nat- ural history objects from this expedition were sent by him to ZMB. Together with the topographer and First Lieu- tenant Otto Tiller, he also accompanied the “Expedition ins Zwischenseengebiet in Ostafrika” [region between Lake Kivu and Lake Victoria] in 1911, the expedition directed by the colonial geographer Hans Heinrich Josef Meyer. According to the original label, the holotype of H. houyi was collected on 29 November 1911, at the end of Meyer’s expedition to East Afrika (see also Urban 1917). On the basis of the map showing the expedition route (Meyer 1913), the corrected type locality for H. houyi has to be “SW-Ussagara” [southern Kilosa District, Moro- goro Region, Tanzania]. Hyperolius insignis Bocage, 1868: 844, fig. 2. Syntype. ZMB 6462, “Benguella” [Benguela, Angola], coll. José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta, don. José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage. Present name. Hyperolius angolensis Steindachner, 1867 (fide Marques et al. 2018). Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 284, fig. 157), cop- ied from Bocage (1868: 844, fig. 2). The Berlin syntype was sent in 1869 in exchange from Lisbon by Bocage and was mentioned and depicted by Tornier (1896: 143, pl. 4, fig. 48). The syntypes MBL T. 21-164, 27-167 from “Benguella”, coll. Anchieta and “St. Salvador du Congo” coll. Antonio José de Sousa Barroso were destroyed by a fire in the Museu Bocage on 18 March 1978 (Marques et al. 2018: 90). Perret (1976a: 28) corrected the type locality to “Sao Salvador do Congo, Angola, and Novo Redondo, Angola’. The Berlin syntype is not mentioned by Marques et al. (2018), but probably is the only re- maining syntype. zse.pensoft.net 426 HAyperolius inyangae Channing in Channing, Hillers, Létters, Rédel, Schick, Conradie, Rédder, Mercurio, Wagner, Dehling, Du Preez, Kielgast & Burger, 2013: 322, fig. 6 second row right, fig. 12 C and D. Holotype. ZMB 77276, “Rhodes Dam in the Nyanga National Park, Zimbabwe, 18°17'20.3"S, 32°43'24.4"E”, coll. Alan Channing, 14.X1.2009. Paratypes. ZMB 77277-77279, same collecting data as for the holotype. Present name. Hyperolius invangae Channing in Channing, Hillers, Lotters, Rodel, Schick, Conradie, Roédder, Mercurio, Wagner, Dehling, Du Preez, Kielgast & Burger, 2013. Ayperolius ipianae Ahl, 1931a: 43. Holotype. ZMB 36091, “Ipiana” [Ipyana (Ipanya) on K1- wira River, at the northwestern tip of Lake Malawi, Kye- la District, South Mbeya Region, Tanzania], coll. Adolf Ferdinand Stolz. Present name. Hyperolius kivuensis Ahl, 193 1a. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 301, fig. 175). Stolz was a mission trader and planter, working as head of the missionary station of the Moravian Church (Herrnhuter Briidergemeinde) at Ipyana from 1898 to1903. After- wards, and until 1914, he collected botanical and zoolog- ical objects in Kiymbila and Rungwe (Urban 1917; Jones et al. 2000). Amphibians and reptiles from his collection arrived at ZMB on 8 June 1901. Ayperolius irregularis Ahi, 1931a: 114. Syntypes. ZMB 36105 and 75606 (formerly part of ZMB 36105), “Mohasi-See, Ruanda” [Lake Muhazi, East- ern Province, Rwanda], coll. Johann Gustav Hermann Schubotz, VII/1907. Present name. Hyperolius viridiflavus (Dumeéril & Bi- bron, 1841). Remarks. Type specimens depicted in Ahl (1931b: 396, fig. 272). The syntypes were collected during the first “Deutsche Zentral—A frika—Expedition”, 1907-1908; see also remarks on Hyperolius adolphi-friederici. Ayperolius jackie Dehling, 2012: 54, figs 1, 2. Holotype. ZMB 77476, “a natural pond at Karamba (2°28'44.28"S, 29°06'44.50"E, 1940 m a.s.l.), Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda’, coll. Jonas Maximilian Dehling, 20.11.2011. Paratypes. ZMB_ 77477-77480, coll. 19-20. I.2011; ZMB 77481, coll. 3.1V.2011; ZMB 77782, coll. 18.01.2012; ZMB 77783, coll. 24.11.2012; otherwise same collecting details as holotype. Present name. Hyperolius jackie Dehling, 2012. zse.pensoft.net Tillack, F. et al.: A type catalogue of the Hyperoliidae HAyperolius jacobseni Channing in Channing, Hillers, Lotters, Rédel, Schick, Conradie, Rédder, Mercurio, Wagner, Dehling, Du Preez, Kielgast & Burger, 2013: 327, fig. 6, third row left, fig. 12 B. Holotype. ZMB 77280, “near Gatiko, Central African Republic, 5°4'43"N, 20°40'2"E”, coll. Niels Jacobsen, 29. VIII.2006. Paratypes. ZMB 77281-77298 same collecting data as for the holotype. Present name. Hyperolius jacobseni Channing in Channing, Hillers, Lotters, Rodel, Schick, Conradie, Rodder, Mercurio, Wagner, Dehling, Du Preez, Kielgast & Burger, 2013. Ayperolius kandti Ahl, 1931a: 62. Holotype. ZMB 46526, “Kivu-See” [Lake Kivu, Rwan- da and Democratic Republic of the Congo], coll. Richard Kandt. Present name. Hyperolius viridiflavus (Duméril & Bi- bron, 1841). Remarks. The Prussian medical officer and discoverer of one of the sources of the Nile, Richard Kandt (who used Kantorowicz until 1894) explored the northwestern part of German East Africa from October 1897 to Janu- ary 1898, and the region around Lake Kivu between 1898 and 1902 (Kandt 1899, 1900, 1921; Bindseil 1988). HAyperolius karissimbiensis Ahl, 1931a: 74. Holotype. ZMB 46525, “Bambusurwald und Waldwi- esen ca. 2400 m hoch, beim Dorf des Mhcabu Gahama am Karissimbi” [Mount Karisimbi, Muzanze District, Northern Province, Rwanda; bamboo jungle and forest meadows at 2400 m a.s.l.], coll. Johann Gustav Her- mann Schubotz. Present name. Hyperolius viridiflavus (Duméril & Bi- bron, 1841). Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 348, fig. 223). The holotype was collected during the first “Deutsche Zen- tral—A frika—Expedition”, 1907-1908. HAyperolius kivuensis Ahi, 1931a: 26. Holotype. ZMB 36098, “Kivu-See” [Lake Kivu, Rwan- da and Democratic Republic of the Congo], coll. Richard Kandt. Present name. Hyperolius kivuensis Ahl, 193 1a. Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 280, fig. 151); see also remarks under H. kandti. Hyperolius kivuensis see Hyperolius bituberculatus (unlocated type spec- imens), Hyperolius ipianae, Hyperolius multifascia- tus, Hyperolius raveni, Hyperolius simus. Zoosyst. Evol. 97 (2) 2021, 407-450 Ayperolius koehli Ahi, 1931a: 121. Holotype. ZMB 26089, “Kissenji, Deutsch-Ost-A frika” [on the northeast shore of Lake Kivu close to the bor- der of Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda], coll. Franz Koehl (Kohl). Present name. Hyperolius viridiflavus (Duméril & B1- bron, 1841). Remarks. First Lieutenant, later Captain, Kohl served from 1912 on in the colonial “Schutztruppe” of Deutsch Ostafrika at Kissenji, and from 1916 on in various mis- sions under General Paul Emil von Lettow- Vorbeck, e.g. at Taveta [Kenya], Port Amelia [Pemba, Cabo Delgado Province, Mozambique] and Medo [Metoro, Mozam- bique] (Haup 1988; Fecitt 2011). Ayperolius kwidjwiensis Ahl, 1931a: 38. Holotype. ZMB 52449. “Insel Kwidjwi im Kivu-See” [Idjwi (jwi) Island, Lake Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo], coll. Johann Gustav Herrmann Schubotz, VI/1909. Present name. Hyperolius viridiflavus (Duméril & Bi- bron, 1841). Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 296, fig. 172). HAyperolius laticeps Ahl, 1931a: 69. Holotype. ZMB 46529, “Togo”, coll. Leopold Fritz Wil- helm Edmund Conradt, 17.XII.1892. Present name. Hyperolius laticeps Ahl, 1931a. Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 342, fig. 216). Con- radt was a German planter and colonial officer, who was working in “Derema” [Derema, Usambara Mountains, Korogwe District, Tanga Region, Tanzania] at the end of 1891. His collections of vertebrates made during this time were described by Matschie (1892). Later he went to Togo, being stationed in Bismarckburg [Sotouboua Pre- fecture, Centrale Region, Togo] from VII/1892—XII/1893 (Weidmann 1894; Conradt 1896). See also remarks on Megalixalus laevis concerning his activities in Tanzania and Cameroon. The specimen is a juvenile Hyperolius and cannot be assigned confidently to a particular West African species. Ayperolius latifrons Ahl, 1931a: 65. Holotype. ZMB 50278, “Bambusurwald und Waldwiesen ca. 2400 m hoch, beim Dorf des Mhcabu Gahama am Ka- rissimbi” [Mount Karisimbi, Muzanze District, Northern Province, Rwanda; bamboo jungle and forest meadows at 2400 m a.s.l.], coll. Johann Gustav Hermann Schubotz. Present name. Hyperolius castaneus Ahl, 1931a. Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 335, fig. 208). The holotype was collected during the first “Deutsche Zen- tral—A frika—Expedition”, 1907-1908. 427 Ayperolius leptosomus Peters, 1877a: 619, pl., fig. 5. Holotype. ZMB 9175, “Chinchoxo (Westafrika)” [Cab- inda Province, Angola], don. Africanische Gesellschaft. Present name. A/frixalus “quadrivittatus” Pickersgill, 2007b. Remarks. See also remarks on Hyperolius adspersus. Ayperolius lupiroensis Channing in Channing, Hillers, Loétters, Rédel, Schick, Conradie, R6dder, Mercurio, Wagner, Dehling, Du Preez, Kielgast & Burger, 2013: 330, fig. 6, third row second right, fig. 12 G. Holotype. ZMB 77299, “near Lupiro, 8°25'29.3"S, 36°41'33.1"E, Ifakara district, Tanzania’, coll. A. Danby, 9. VII.2007. Paratype. ZMB 77300, same collecting data as for the holotype. Present name. Hyperolius lupiroensis Channing in Channing, Hillers, Lotters, Rodel, Schick, Conradie, Rodder, Mercurio, Wagner, Dehling, Du Preez, Kielgast & Burger, 2013. Ayperolius macrodactylus Ahl, 1931a: 95. Holotype. ZMB 39100, “Kivu-See” [Lake Kivu, Rwan- da and Democratic Republic of the Congo], coll. Richard Kandt. Present name. Hyperolius viridiflavus (Duméril & Bi- bron, 1841). Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 369, fig. 244); see further comments under H. kandti. FAyperolius marginatus Peters, 1854: 627. Holotype. ZMB 4806, “Macanga“ [Makanga Region, Tete Province, Mozambique], coll. Wilhelm Carl Hartwig Peters. Present name. Hyperolius marginatus Peters, 1854. Remarks. Depicted in Peters (1882b, pl. 22, fig. 8) and Tornier (1896, pl. 4, fig. 89). Bauer et al. (1995: 44) erroneously listed ZMB 1806 as holotype. Peters visited the Macanga region north and northwest of Tete because of its goldmines. Here he also collected the holotype of H. marginatus on the Pomfe River (one of the northern tributaries of the Zambezi) on 12 June 1845 (Hand 1848; Peters 1882b: 166; map in Futterer 1895). Hyperolius marginatus see Hyperolius argentovittis, Hyperolius callichro- mus, Hyperolius decipiens, Hyperolius graueri. Ayperolius mariae Barbour & Loveridge, 1928: 217. Paratype. ZMB 38029 [ex MCZ, former inventory num- ber unknown], “Derema bei Amani, Usambara Mts., Tan- zse.pensoft.net 428 ganyika Territorium” [Derema, Korogwe District, Tanga Region, Tanzania], coll. Mary V. Loveridge, 30.XI.1926. Present name. Hyperolius mariae Barbour & Love- ridge, 1928. Remarks. Holotype: MCZ A-13267; Paratypes MCZ A-13262-13266 and MCZ A-13268—13276, all from “Derema nr. Amani, Usambara Mtns., Tanganyika Terri- tory”, coll. Mary V. Loveridge, 30.X1.1926. ZMB 38029 was donated by A. Loveridge (MCZ) in the 1930s and inventoried in 1958. Hyperolius mariae see Hyperolius bitaeniatus, Hyperolius melanoph- thalmus, Hyperolius noblei, Hyperolius renschi (un- located type specimens), Hyperolius rubriceps, Hy- perolius udjidjiensis. Hyperolius marmoratus see Hyperolius albifrons, Hyperolius asper, Hyper- olius breviceps, Hyperolius dermatus, Hyperolius fuelleborni, Hyperolius granulosus, Hyperolius gut- tolineatus (unlocated type specimens), Hyperolius marungaensis, Hyperolius microstictus, Hyperolius nyassae, Hyperolius taeniatus, Hyperolius variega- tus, Hyperolius vermicularis. Ayperolius marungaensis Ahl, 1931a: 77. Holotype. ZMB 10736, “Marunga, Angola” [in error, see remarks], coll. Richard Bohm. Present name. Hyperolius marmoratus Rapp, 1842. Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (19831b: 351, fig. 226). Ahl (1931a, b) placed the locality “Marunga” erroneously with- in Angola because a village of this name exists in the prov- ince of Cuando Cubango (see also Marques et al. 2018: 93). The zoologist and anatomist Bohm, together with the explorer Paul Reichard, travelled on behalf of the “A fri- canische Gesellschaft” from Zanzibar via Bagamojo [27 July 1880] to Tabora, which they reached two-and-a half months later. From here they turned to Kakoma [south- east of Tabora, Tabora Division, Tanzania], where they stayed for over a year. Then they continued to Jagonda [just northeast of Kakoma]. From Jagonda, Bohm and the topographer Emil Kaiser went on a journey to Lake Tang- anyika, lasting several months. They reached Karema on the western shore of the lake [Mpanda District, Katavi Region, Tanzania] and returned to Jagonda on December 23, 1881. In March 1882 they travelled along the Wala River. Dr. Kaiser died during an expedition to Lake Ruk- wa near Upia on 27 October 1882. Towards the end of De- cember 1882, Bohm and Reichard left Jadonda for Kare- ma, crossed Lake Tanganyika to Mpala (at the mouth of the Lufuku River, Tanganyika Province, Democratic Re- public of the Congo) and reached the “Marunga Land” in July 1883. From here they turned southwest and discov- ered Lake Upemba in the Urua region [Upemba, Bukama zse.pensoft.net Tillack, F. et al.: A type catalogue of the Hyperoliidae Region, Haut-Lomami Provinz, Democratic Republic of the Congo]. On 27 March 1884 Bohm died in southern Urua, south of the Lake Upemba (Schalow 1888, Weid- mann 1894). Based on Bohm’s itinerary, it is clear that he found the holotype of H. marungaensis in the Marun- ga Highlands, where he collected extensively in summer 1883 (Schalow 1886, 1888). Therefore, we correct the type locality to “northern Marunga or Marungu Region southwest of Lake Tanganyika, Kalemie Territory, Tan- ganyika Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo”. HAyperolius maximus Ahl, 1931a: 91. Holotype. ZMB 36113, “Ossidinge” [Ossidinge station (Mamfe), on the left bank of the Cross River, Southwest Region, Cameroon], coll. Alfred Mansfeld. Paratypes. ZMB 43548-43552, “Busa” [sic], Buea [Fako District, Southwest Region, Cameroon], coll. Paul Preuss (Preuf). Present name. Hyperolius concolor guttatus Peters, 1875, according to Frétey et al. (2014). Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 366, fig. 241). Ahl (1931a: 92) mentioned eight specimens from “Ossidinge, Busa [sic, Buea], Guinea”. One paratype MCZ A-17639 from “Guinea”, coll. Pel, don. Schlegel (Leiden) was sent to MCZ in exchange in 1932 (Barbour and Loveridge 1946: 128); another paratype could not be located. The colonial officer and ethnologist Mansfeld, who collected the holotype, arrived in Ossidinge on 30 August 1904 and was stationed there until 1907 (Mansfeld 1908). HAyperolius melanophthalmus Ahl, 1931a: 68. Syntypes. ZMB 85670-85672, “Zanzibar” [Unguja Is- land, Tanzania], coll. Moriz Tup. Present name. Hyperolius mariae Barbour & Love- ridge, 1928. Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 342, fig. 215). Another paratype, MCZ A-17640 from “Zanzibar”, coll. Tup, was sent in exchange in 1932 (Barbour and Love- ridge 1946: 128). Hyperolius micops see Hyperolius acuticeps. HAyperolius microstictus Ahl, 1931a: 80. Syntypes. ZMB 36100 and ZMB 77762 (formerly part of ZMB 36100), “Longa, oberhalb Minnescra [sic]” [above Minnesera, today Cuito Cuanavale, on left bank of Lon- ga River (a right tributary of Cuito river) and confluence with Quiriri (Kuarliri) River, Cuando Cubango Province, Angola, ca. 1250 ma.s.l.], coll. [Hugo Baum, see below], 14.1.1900. Zoosyst. Evol. 97 (2) 2021, 407-450 Present name. Hyperolius marmoratus Rapp, 1842. Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 353, fig. 228). Ahl (1931a: 81) mentioned no collector or donor for the type specimens. However, the syntypes were mentioned earlier by Sokolowski (1903: 541 f.) who described two Rappia specimens collected by the botanist Baum on 14 January 1900 “am Longa oberhalb Minnesera” during the “Kunene—Sambesi-Expedition 1899-1900” led by Pieter van der Kellen. Based on Baum’s notes, Sokolowsy (I. c.) almost literally described the same observations, as was later repeated by Ahl (1931a: 81), ie. “[...] kleine auf Blattern von Strauchern nach Art unserer Laubfroésche sit- zende Froschchen [...]” [...small frogs sitting on leaves of bushes like our tree frogs ...]. Baum’s expedition route in Angola was illustrated by Heintze (2007, map 2). HAyperolius mohasicus Ahl, 1931a: 85. Holotype. ZMB 36094, “Mohasi-See, Ruanda” [Lake Muhazi, Eastern Province, Rwanda], coll. Johann Gustav Hermann Schubotz, 29. VII.1907. Present name. Hyperolius viridiflavus (Duméril & B1- bron, 1841). Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 360, fig. 236). The holotype was collected during the first “Deutsche Zen- tral—A frika—Expedition”, 1907-1908. Ayperolius monticola Ahi, 1931a: 102. Holotype. ZMB 39010, “Niansa, Ruanda, 1500 m hoch” [Nyanza (Nyabisindu), Nyanza District, Southern Prov- ince, Rwanda, 1500 m a.s.l.], coll. Johann Gustav Her- mann Schubotz, 10.VHI.1907. Present name. Hyperolius viridiflavus (Duméril & Bi- bron, 1841). Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 377, fig. 251). The holotype was collected during the first “Deutsche Zen- tral—A frika—Expedition”, 1907-1908. HAyperolius multicolor Ahl, 1931: 94. Syntypes. ZMB 39002, 39005, 74953-74956, “Bambu- surwald und Waldwiesen ca. 2400 m hoch, beim Dorf des Mhcabu Gahama am Karissimbi” [Mount Karisimb1, Muzanze District, Northern Province, Rwanda; bamboo jungle and forest meadows at 2400 maz.s.I.], coll. Johann Gustav Hermann Schubotz. Present name. Hyperolius viridiflavus (Duméril & B1- bron, 1841). Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 368, fig. 243). The syntypes were collected during the first “Deutsche Zen- tral—A frika—Expedition”, 1907-1908. Another syntype MCZ A-17641 was sent in exchange to MCZ in 1932 (Barbour and Loveridge 1946: 128). 429 HAyperolius multifasciatus Ahl, 1931a: 24. Holotype. ZMB 36109, “Missionsstation Rungwe” [station of the Moravian Church (Herrnhuter Briiderge- meinde), Rungwe village, Mbeya Region, Tanzania], coll. Friedrich Georg Hans Heinrich Fulleborn. Present name. Hyperolius kivuensis Ahl, 193 1a. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 278, fig. 149). Ayperolius narinus Ahl, 1931a: 109. Holotype. ZMB 36090, “Togo (Misahohe)” [Missahomé, Agou Prefecture, Plateau Region, Togo], coll. Julius Smend, 9.II.1903. Paratypes. ZMB 36121 (two larvae), same collection data as for holotype. Present name. Hyperolius concolor (Hallowell, 1844). Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 383, fig. 258). First Lieutenant Smend served from 1901 as district manager at the German colonial station Misahohe. Hyperolius nasutus see Rappia dombeensis. Ayperolius ngoriensis Ahl, 1931a: 60. Syntypes. ZMB 85760-85763, “Krater des Ngori-See’s [sic] (Deutsch-Ost-Afrika)” [Ngozi Crater Lake, Poroto Mountains range, Rungwe District, Mbeya Region, Tan- zania], coll. Friedrich Georg Hans Heinrich Fulleborn. Present name. Hyperolius pictus Ahl, 193 1a. Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 324, fig. 198). Ayperolius nigropalmatus Ahl, 1931a 104. Holotype. ZMB 85764, “Lolodorf, Kamerun” [Lolodorf, Océan Division, South Province, Cameroon], coll. Os- wald Rudolf Johannes Gerhard Jacob, 1907. Present name. Hyperolius phantasticus (Boulenger, 1899). Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 378, fig. 253). In 1907 First Lieutenant Jacob (also spelled Jakob) served in the “Schutztruppe fiir Kamerun” as manager of the Ger- man Colonial Station Lolodorf (Hoffmann 2007). HAyperolius nitidulus Peters, 1875: 209, pl. 3, fig. 4. Holotype. ZMB 7729, “Yoruba (Lagos)” [Nigeria], don. Christian Ferdinand Friedrich von Krauss. Present name. Hyperolius nitidulus Peters, 1875. Remarks. Depicted in Tornier (1896, pl. 4, fig. 118). The traveler, botanist and malacologist Krauss became zse.pensoft.net 430 director of the Konigliche Naturalienkabinett in Stuttgart in 1890. He studied and collected southern African flora, fauna and geological samples between 1838 and 1840. Ayperolius noblei Ahi, 1931a: 118. Holotype. ZMB 85765, “Kilwa (Deutsch-Ost-Afrika)” [Kilwa (Kivinje), Kilwa District, Lindi Region, Tanza- nia], coll. Julius Vosseler, VI/1907. Present name. Hyperolius mariae Barbour & Love- ridge, 1928. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 400, fig. 275). On behalf of the Prussian government, the German zoologist and later director of the Hamburg Zoological Garden, Vosseler went to Deutsch-Ostafrika where he worked at the “Biologisch-Landwirtschaftliche Institut Amani” from 1903 to 1908, together with Stuhlmann (see above) (Schnee 1920b; Grimpe 1931; Wenzel Geifler et al. 2020). Ayperolius nossibeensis Ahl, 1930d: 66. Syntypes. ZMB 50098-50100, “Nossi-Bé” [Nosy Be (island), Diana Region, Madagascar], don. Senckenberg Museum [in error]; corrected here to “Lunda” [Lunda Sul Province, Angola], coll. Max Buchner, XII/1979— VI/1880 (see below). Present name. Hyperolius angolensis Steindachner, 1867 (fide Marques et al. 2018). Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 421, fig. 294, prob- ably ZMB 50089). The three type specimens of H. nossi- beensis were originally inventoried in 1882 as “3 [spec- imen] Hyperolius vermiculatus Pts.” under inventory number ZMB 10100. According to the ZMB inventory catalogue the specimens were collected by “Dr. M. Buch- ner” at “Lunda”. Because of a reading error, assuming ZMB 10100 in- stead of ZMB 10101, a new label was written for this collection jar in the 1920s, for which erroneously the in- formation of ZMB 10100 was adopted, viz. “Nossi-Bé” and “Museum Senckenberg”. This transmission error and the specimens became the basis for Ahl’s (1930) new de- scription of H. nossibeensis. In 1992, Frank Glaw (ZSM) located the syntypes of H. nossibeensis in the ZMB col- lection. The jar with the label from the 1920s mentioned Mantidactylus granulatus from Nosy Be, ZMB 10100. Glaw and Vences (1993: 216) discussed the status and identity of H. nossibeensis, synonymized it with Hyper- olius marmoratus and corrected the terra typica to “das Athiopische Afrika” [Ethiopian Africa]. Subsequently the three syntypes were re-inventoried as ZMB 50098— 50100. This was necessary as the inventory number ZMB 10100 had already been assigned to a specimen of “Man- tidactylus granulatus” (= paralectotype of Limnodytes granulatus Boettger, 1881) from “Nosy Bé, don. Muse- um Senckenberg” (see Glaw and Vences 1993). The physician Dr. Buchner arrived in Luanda on 5 December 1878 and travelled via Dondo (20 Decem- zse.pensoft.net Tillack, F. et al.: A type catalogue of the Hyperoliidae ber 1878) and Malanje (30 January to 22 July 1879) to Mussumba in the Lunda Empire (11 December 1879 to June 1880). He returned to Malanje (28 February 1881) and via Golungo and Cazengo travelled back to Luanda, where he arrived at the end of August 1881. He finally returned to Berlin in January 1882 (Heintze 2007). HAyperolius nyassae Ahi, 1931a: 66. Holotype. ZMB 39006, “Langenburg” [Lumbira, Mbeya Region, Tanzania], coll. Friedrich Georg Hans Heinrich Fulleborn. Paratypes. ZMB 77766—77767 (formerly part of ZMB 39006), “Langenburg”; ZMB 85885-85889, “Rugwe”; ZMB 90953-90989, “Rugwe am Nyassa (D.O.A.)”; ZMB 90980-90992, “Rugwe, D.O.A.”; ZMB 90993— 90995, “Konde-Nika (D.O.A.)”; ZMB 90996-90999, “Neu-Helgoland”, all coll. Fulleborn. Present name. Hyperolius marmoratus Rapp, 1842. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 340, fig. 213). Ahl (1931a: 67) mentioned 133 specimens from Langenburg (including the type), Rugwe, Mirambo [sic; Miramba], Konde-Nika, Ipiana, Transvaal, Neu Helgoland and Lin- di, collected by Fulleborn and Wilms. A paratype (MCZ A-17642) from “Rugwe” coll. Fulleborn, was sent to MCZ in 1932 (Barbour and Loveridge 1946: 128). Sev- enty-seven other paratypes, including specimens from Miramba, Ipiana, Transvaal and Lindi, as well as material collected by Wilms could not be located. HAyperolius obstetricans Ahl, 1931a: 90. Holotype. ZMB 77755, “Bipindihof’ [Bipindi village, Océan Department, South Province, Cameroon], coll. Georg August Zenker. Present name. Hyperolius obstetricans (Ahl, 1931a). Remarks. Photo in Ahl (1931b: 365, fig. 240, horizon- tally mirrored) showing the specimen on a leaf with 39 eggs. The type previously was regarded as lost, howev- er, we rediscovered the specimen, still sitting on the leaf with the eggs (see Fig. 8). In accordance with Article 75.8 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999), the rediscovery of the holotype in the ZMB collection in 2012 renders the neotype designation by Per- ret invalid (1966: 410; MHNG 995.48 from “Foulassi, riv- i¢re Lob6”). Since 1988 the species was a member of the genus Alexteroon Perret, 1988. However, recently Ernst et al. (2021) revised the systematic position of Alexteroon and assigned the three species to the genus Hyperolius. The German naturalist, botanist and gardener Zenk- er joined the German colonial service as taxidermist in 1889. He was manager of the colonial station Jaunde (Yaoundé, Mfoundi Department, Centre Region, Cam- eroon) from 1890-1895 (Zenker 1890). In 1896 he set- tled in Bipindi on the Lokundje River where he collected natural history and ethnological objects extensively and managed different plantations until his death on 6 Febru- Zoosyst. Evol. 97 (2) 2021, 407-450 Figure 8. Holotype of Hyperolius obstetricans, ZMB 77755 from “Bipindihof’, coll. Zenker. ary 1922. The main part of his zoological collection is at ZMB (Mildbraed 1923; Frahm and Eggers 2001). HAyperolius oculatus Ahi, 1931a: 103. Holotype. ZMB 58570, “Balaibo am Duki-Ufer” [Balai- bo on Duki River, southwest of Lake Albert, Ituri Prov- ince, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo], coll. Franz Ludwig Stuhlmann, 9.X1.1891. Paratype. ZMB 85766, “Golei-See [sic]” [Lake Solei or Solai, Nakuru county, Rift Valley Province, Kenya], coll. Arthur Berger, 2.II.1908. Present name. Hyperolius viridiflavus (Duméril & Bi- bron, 1841). Remarks. Depicted in Tornier (1896, pl. 4, fig. 20), re- produced in Ahl (1931b: 377, fig. 252). From April 1890 to July 1892, Stuhlmann accompanied Mehmed Emin Pasha’s [actually Eduard Karl Oskar Theodor Schnitzer] expedition to the East African lake region as a zoologist. This took him as far as the northeastern part of today’s Democratic Republic of the Congo (Stuhlmann 1894). Today, his extensive zoological collections are mainly housed at ZMB and in the Zoologisches Museum der Universitat Hamburg. The German physician, explorer and hunter Dr. Berger travelled to areas of British East Africa, Uganda, from July 1908 to 1909. He visited the border area with Democratic Republic of the Congo and Sudan, and returned to Germany via Egypt (Berger 1924, 431 1942). A large part of the zoological objects he collected is at ZMB. Ayperolius oeseri Ahl, 1931a: 51. Holotype. ZMB 31867, “Grand Bassa, Liberia” [Grand Bass County, Liberia], coll. Richard Oeser. Present name. Hyperolius fusciventris Peters, 1876. Remarks. The German physician Dr. Oeser undertook various journeys, e.g. to East Asia and Indonesia (1923 as a ship’s doctor), to the USA (1925), to Central Amer- ica and northern South America (1931-32) as well as to Cameroon (1936). In spring 1928 he undertook a journey along the West African coast, collecting in Benin, Nigeria, Fernando P6, Sao Tomé and Principe, Angola, Namibia and Liberia. He collected the type material of H. oeseri and Hyperolius trifasciatus Ahl (see below). A large part of his collection was sold through the zoological whole- saler “Scholze & Peotzschke” in Berlin (Mertens 1975). Ayperolius olivaceus Buchholz & Peters in Peters, 1876: 120. Syntypes. ZMB 8829 and ZMB 53264-53265 (formerly part of ZMB 8829), “Limbareni am Ogowe” [Lambaréné on the river Ogooué (or Ogowe), Moyen-Ogooué Prov- ince, Gabon], coll. Reinhold Wilhelm Buchholz. Present name. Hyperolius olivaceus Buchholz & Pe- ters in Peters, 1876. Hyperolius olivaceus see Hyperolius fimbriolatus. Ayperolius petersi Ahi, 1931: 23. Holotype. ZMB 5573, “Mombas” [Mombasa, Kenya], coll. Carl Claus von der Decken. Present name. Hyperolius ell, 1844). Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 274, fig. 144). The German explorer, geographer, zoologist and botanist von der Decken arrived in East Africa (Zanzibar) in Septem- ber 1860. Until 1865 he undertook several expeditions to Kilwa, the Malawi Lake region, the Usambara Moun- tains and Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania and to Bardera [Baardhere, southwestern Somalia] (Decken 1869; Verd- courd 2002). concolor (Hallow- Hyperolius phantasticus see Hyperolius chabanaudi, Hyperolius nigropalmatus. Ayperolius phrynoderma Ahl, 1931a: 71. Syntypes. ZMB 39000 and ZMB 77734—77736 (former- ly part of ZMB 39000), “Zentrales Deutsch-Ost-A frika” zse.pensoft.net 432 [Central German East Africa, Central Tanzania, see com- ment below] collected during the first “Deutsche Zentral— Afrika—Expedition”, 1907-1908. Present name. Hyperolius cf. viridiflavus (Dumeril & Bibron, 1841). Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 344, fig. 218). An- other syntype, MCZ A-17643 with identical collecting data was sent in exchange to MCZ in 1932 (Barbour and Loveridge 1946: 130). Laurent (1961: 83) erroneously presumed that the five subadult specimens inventoried un- der ZMB 13701 could be the types of Hyperolius phryno- derma, but these specimens were collected at “Bukoba” by Stuhlmann and do not correspond with the locality given by Ahl for the types. Ahl’s (1931a: 72) vague local- ity information for the H. phrynoderma types 1s probably wrong and mainly based on the transfer of the expedition name to a region, 1.e. “Central German East Africa” which would be geographically equivalent to today’s central Tan- zania. However, the zoological collections of this expedi- tion mainly originate from northeast Tanzania, Rwanda and the adjacent Democratic Republic of the Congo, more precisely from the region between Bukoba on the western shore of Lake Victoria, Ischangi in the south of Lake Kiwu and Irumu in the Ituru Province of northeastern Democrat- ic Republic of the Congo (see comments in Barbour and Loveridge 1946: 130; map in Schubotz 1909). Currently, the status of this taxon is uncertain. In comparison to species in the H. marmoratus / viridifla- vus group, the body is comparatively slender and the snout more pointed. Dorsal warts are distinct, and ar- ranged very regularly, even in the single adult frog (ZMB 39000). Juveniles of the H. marmoratus / viridiflavus group have warty skin, adults usually have smooth skin). Drewes (1997) described a superficially similar-looking frog from the Serengeti, Hyperolius orkarkarri, which 1s currently regarded as a synonym of H. glandicolor (see Channing and Howell 2006). Under the leadership of Adolf Friedrich, Duke of Mecklenburg, the first “Deutsche Zentral—A frika—Expe- dition” was carried out from 1907 to 1908, to scientifical- ly investigate the area of the African Rift Valley (see also remarks on Hyperolius adolphi-friederici). Ayperolius picturatus Peters, 1875: 206, pl. 2, fig. 2. Syntypes. ZMB 3063 and ZMB 76991-76994 (former- ly part of ZMB 3063), “Boutry” [Butre (Bootry), Ahan- ta West District, Western Region, Ghana], coll. Hendrik Severinus Pel, don. Hermann Schlegel (Museum Leyden). Present name. Hyperolius picturatus Peters, 1875. Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 333, fig. 206) cop- ied from Peters (1875, pl.2, fig. 2). Ayperolius pictus Ahl, 1931a: 44. Holotype. ZMB 86001, “Krater des Ngori-See’s [sic]” [Ngozi Crater Lake, Poroto Mountains range, Rungwe zse.pensoft.net Tillack, F. et al.: A type catalogue of the Hyperoliidae District, Mbeya Region, Tanzania], coll. Friedrich Georg Hans Heinrich Filleborn. Paratypes. ZMB 85767-85781, ZMB 86002-86005, rater des Ngori-See’s”, coll. Fulleborn; ZMB 46533, ZMB 85782-85818, ZMB 85876-85878, “Nairobi”, coll. F. Thomas; ZMB 85819-85823, “Uhehe”, coll. Goetze; ZMB 85824, “Rungwe”, coll. Goetze; ZMB 85825, “Rugwe” and ZMB 77720, “Nyassa See’, coll. Fulle- born; ZMB 85826-85827, “Rugegewald”, coll. Grauer; ZMB 90454-90456, “Bukoba’, coll. Schubotz; ZMB 90457-90479, “Bukoba”, coll. Deutsche Zentralafrica Expedition, Schubotz, 15.VI.1907; ZMB 90480-90483, “Bukoba’, coll. ? Stuhlmann, I/1892. Present name. Hyperolius pictus Ahl, 1931a. Remarks. Five drawings showing the variation of this taxon are provided by Ahl (1931b: 302, fig. 176). Two paratypes, MCZ A-17644—-17645 from “Uhehe”, coll. Goetze were sent in exchange to MCZ in 1932 (Barbo- ur and Loveridge 1946: 128). Ahl (1931a: 45) mentioned 114 specimens of which we could not locate the material collected at “Iringa”, “Kivu-See”, “Kissenji” and “Kin- ga-Gebirge”’. Hyperolius pictus see Hyperolius ngoriensis. HAyperolius pulcher Ahl, 1931a: 48. Holotype. ZMB 36088, “Japoma, Kamerun” [suburb east of Douala, Region Littoral, Cameroon], coll. Hans Schafer, 1.X.1910. Present name. Hyperolius concolor guttatus Peters, 1875, according to Frétey et al. (2014). Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 308, fig. 183), re- produced by Frétey et al. (2014, fig. 6), who also provid- ed a photograph and redescribed the holotype. In 1910 the naval physician Schafer collected various botanical and zoological objects in Cameroon, e.g. at Mount Ma- nengouba, Mount Cameroon (Fako) and Japoma, that are accessioned at ZMB and the Botanische Museum Berlin-Dahlem [Botanical Museum and Garden Ber- lin-Dahlem] (Urban 1917). HAyperolius pulchromarmoratus Ahi, 1931a: 92. Holotype. ZMB 77751, “Britisch Ostafrika” [Kenya], coll. Richard Fritz Paul Hubner [later Huebner]. Present name. Hyperolius glandicolor Peters, 1878. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 367, fig. 242). Huebner worked from 1894 to 1913 as a merchant, bank- er, farmer and administrator and from 1901 to 1903 as Municipal Commissioner of Nairobi in (British) East Africa. He was active in Zanzibar (1894-1896), Mom- basa (1896-1899), Nairobi (1899-1905), Kibwezi (1905-1908, together with G. R. O. Scheffler), and Voi (1908-1913), and undertook a journey from Mombasa to Kampala from June to November 1899. In 1913 he Zoosyst. Evol. 97 (2) 2021, 407-450 travelled to Germany for a convalescent stay because of health problems. However, his already planned return to Kenya was thwarted by the beginning of the First World War. In his spare time he was engaged in nature observa- tions and collected interesting zoological objects, which he sent to ZMB (Sieberg 1998). HAyperolius punctatissimus Ahl, 1931a: 41. Syntypes. ZMB 39013, 79403-79439 and 80407 (for- merly part of ZMB 39013), coll. Johann Gustav Hermann Schubotz; ZMB 43553, 43584-43590 and 79402, coll. Franz Ludwig Stuhlmann; all from “Bukoba” [Bukoba Urban District, Kagera Region, Tanzania], Present name. Hyperolius viridiflavus (Duméril & Bi- bron, 1841). Remarks. Two drawings showing the variation of this taxon are illustrated by Ahl (1931b: 299, fig. 174). Ahl (1931a: 42) mentioned 89 specimens and explicitly states that the types [“die Typen”] are among the mate- rial from “Bukoba” without specifying a number or the collector. Therefore we do not regard specimens listed by Ahl (18931la: 42) from “Rugege-Wald”, “Vulkangebiet nord-6stlich des Kivu-See’s”, “Sisse” [sic], “W-Niansa” [Sesse or Ssese Archipelago, Lake Victoria, Uganda], and “Njamagelo” as part of the type series, and restrict the type series to those frogs from Bukoba. Ayperolius pygmaeus Ahl, 1931a: 22. Holotype. ZMB 36102, “Tanga” [Tanga Region, Tanza- nia], coll. Georg Martienssen. Present name. Afrixalus stuhlmanni (Pfeffer, 1893). Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 273, fig. 143). Hy- perolius pygmaeus Ahl, 1931a, is a junior homonym of Hyperolius pygmaeus Meyer, 1875 (=Litoria pygmaea). Between December 1896 and June 1899, the German planter Martienssen sent amphibians and reptiles from the German colony in East Africa to ZMB. The locali- ty “Tanga” as given by Ahl (1931a) most likely refers to today’s Tanga region. It is clear from Martienssen’s cor- respondence with ZMB that the amphibians he sent to Berlin were collected, with few exceptions (e.g. Ukami), exclusively in “Magrotto” [plantation in southern part of Mlinga Mountains, East Usambara, Tanga Region] and “Plantation Scholler” [Bondei County near Ngomeni, east of the Mlinga Mountains, ca. 25 km SW of Tanga town] (see GvoZzdik et al. 2014). Martienssen also sup- ported the African expedition to Kilimanjaro undertaken by Yngve Sjéstedt from 1905-1906 by providing porters (Sjostedt 1910: 3). The correspondence between Mart- ienssen and the ZMB curators (especially Gustav Torn- ier), kept in the archives of the Historical Department at ZMB, reveals that “Laubfrosche” [Tree frogs, Hyperolius spp. (s. l.)] sent by Martienssen to ZMB were all collected on the “Magrotto” plantation between 17 April and 18 May 1897. 433 Ayperolius quadratomaculatus Ahi, 1931a: 127. Holotype. 36108, “Mohorro, Deutsch-Ost-Afrika” [Mo- horo (Muhoro), Pwanai Region, Tanzania], coll. Karl Grass, 22. ]I.1901. Present name. Hyperolius quadratomaculatus Ahl, 1931. Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 413, fig. 285). The Imperial District Administrator GraB (sometimes Grass) served his colonial service as forestry assessor: in 1899 at the forest bureau “Usimbe” [Rufiji District, Pwani Re- gion, Tanzania], and from 1900 onwards at the joint forest and district administrative office “Mohorro” (GraB 1904; Schabel 1990). Until 1901, he sent zoological specimens to ZMB (he was stationed in Africa longer). Ayperolius raveni Ahl, 1931a: 36. Holotype. ZMB 77750, “Vulkangebiet nord-éstlich des Kivu-See’s” [volcano region northeast of Lake Kivu, Virunga Mountains, along the border between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo], coll. Werner Alborus von Raven, X/1907. Present name. Hyperolius kivuensis Ahl, 193 1a. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 292, fig. 168). The holotype was collected during the first “Deutsche Zen- tral—A frika—Expedition”, 1907-1908. Hyperolius riggenbachi see Hyperolius hieroglyphicus, Rappia riggenbachi. Ayperolius rosaceus Ahl, 1931a: 105. Holotype. 36104, “Klein-Popo, Togo” [Anhéo (Anecho or Popovi), Lacs Prefecture, Maritime Region, Togo], coll. Julius Graf von Zech auf Neuhofen. Present name. Hyperolius fusciventris Peters, 1876. Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 379, fig. 254). In 1895, the German colonial officer Count von Zech went to Togo. Here he was assigned the management of the administrative station in Kete Krachi, a position which he held until 1900. He undertook several expeditions into the Togo Hinterland. In 1900 he was appointed District Administrator of the district Anecho in Klein Popo on the Togo coast. From 1905 to 1910 he was the governor of the German colony of Togo (Schnee 1920b). Ayperolius rubripes Ahi, 1931a: 88. Lectotype. ZMB 36110, “Kililana” [opposite Manda Is- land, Lamu District, Coast Province, Kenya], coll. Clem- ens Andreas Denhard, 1896. Paralectotype. ZMB 57530 (formerly part of ZMB 36110), same collecting data as for the lectotype. Present name. Hyperolius mariae Barbour & Love- ridge, 1928. zse.pensoft.net 434 Remarks. Lectotype designation by implication by Laurent (1961: 87) who considered ZMB 36110 (adult male) as “Holotype”. In 1878, together with his brother Gustav and Dr. med. Gustav Adolf Fischer, the German engineer and colonial economist C. A. Denhard under- took a research expedition to explore the Tana River (Kenya). One year later he explored the coastal area from Mombasa (Kenya) to Pangani (Tanzania). In 1885 an ex- pedition led him to Lamu Island (Kenya). In 1885 he ac- quired land from the Sultan of Witu on the mainland coast southwest of Lamu, on which he established plantations and later (1886) ceded parts of it to the German Witu So- ciety. In accordance with the Helgoland-Zanzibar Treaty, the “Wituland”, which was under German protectorate from 1885 onwards, was declared a British protectorate on 18 June 1890 (Schnee 1920a). Ayperolius rugegensis Ahl, 1931a: 82. Syntypes. ZMB 77721-77722, “Rugege-Wald, 2000 m hoch” [Nyungwe Forest, Cyangugu Prefecture, West Province, Rwanda], collected during the first “Deutsche Zentral—A frika—Expedition”, VHI/1907. Present name. Hyperolius castaneus Ahl, 1931a. Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 355, fig. 231). Ayperolius rwandae Dehling, Sinsch, Rédel and Channing in Channing, Hillers, Létters, Rédel, Schick, Conradie, Rédder, Mercurio, Wagner, Dehling, Du Preez, Kielgast & Burger, 2013: 337, fig. 6, lower row, second right, fig. 9 E. Holotype. ZMB 77221 (field no: JMD 562, now miss- ing), “from a pond in farmland on the eastern outskirts of Butare, Huye District, South Province, Rwanda (2°37'10.79"S, 29°45'08.45"E)”, coll. Jonas Maximilian Dehling, 13. IX. 2010. Paratypes. ZMB 77222, same collecting data as for the holotype; ZMB 77223, “from the Mugesera wetland south of Lac Mugesera, Bugesera Province, southeast- ern Rwanda (2°12'18.92"S, 30°16'18.18"E)’, coll. J. M. Dehling, 27.JII.2011; ZMB 77224, “from the Mug- esera wetland, Bugesera Province, southeastern Rwanda (2°12'15.95"S, 30°15'49.25"E)”’, coll. Bonny Dumbo and J. M. Dehling, 27.11.2011; ZMB 77225, “from a wet- land of the Akagera River, Kihere Province, southeastern Rwanda (2°13'27.63"S, 30°49'39.06"E)”, coll. J. M. Deh- ling, 31.01.2011; ZMB 77423-77429, “from farmland on the eastern outskirts of Butare, Huye Province, southern Rwanda’, coll. Katrin Lumkemann, Katharina Rosar and Christiane Schwarz, X/2009; ZMB 77686-77689, “from farmland on the eastern outskirt of Butare /2°35'44.1"S, 29°45'25.6"E)’, coll. JM. Dehling, 27.11.2012; ZMB 77683-77685, “from the Mugesera wetland, Buge- sera Province, southeastern Rwanda’, coll. J. M. Deh- ling, 26.11.2012; ZMB 77746-77748, “from a swamp zse.pensoft.net Tillack, F. et al.: A type catalogue of the Hyperoliidae in farmland on the eastern outskirt of Ruhengeri, Mu- sanze District, North Province, Rwanda (1°30'25.73"S, 29°39'12.11"E)’, coll. J. M. Dehling, 30.11.2012. Present name. Hyperolius rwandae Dehling, Sinsch, Rodel and Channing in Channing, Hillers, Lotters, Rodel, Schick, Conradie, Rédder, Mercurio, Wagner, Dehling, Du Preez, Kielgast & Burger, 2013. Remarks. The type material of H. rwandae, invento- ried prior to the publication of the paper, was sent to ZMB in August 2017, however, without containing the holotype (ZMB 77221). On written request, we were informed that the holotype could not be found (J. M. Dehling in litt. 28 August 2017) and must therefore be regarded as lost. HAyperolius scheffleri Ahl, 1931a: 111. Holotype. ZMB 85759, “Kibwezi, Britisch-Ost-A frika” [Kibwezi Division, Makueni County, Kenya], coll. Georg Richard Otto Scheffler, 28.-29.X1.1905. Present name. Hyperolius glandicolor Peters, 1878. Remarks. Scheffler worked from 1899 to 1900 as a horticulturist on plantations of the German East African Society in Usambara (Nguelo and Derema), in the Usegu- ha region [Tanzania] and from 1905 until his death on 10.V1.1911 as a farm manager under managing director Paul Huebner in Kibwezi, British East Africa (Urban 1917; Sieberg 1998). Ayperolius scriptus Ahl, 1931a: 32. Holotype. ZMB 36087, “Tanga” [Tanga Region, Tanza- nia], coll. Georg Martienssen. Present name. Hyperolius substriatus Ahl, 1931a. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 287, fig. 160). For Martienssen’s activities in East Africa and locality infor- mation and collecting dates see remarks on H. pygmaeus (above) and Gvozdik et al. (2014). Ayperolius simus Ahl, 1931a: 46. Lectotype. ZMB 36111, “Usumbura, Tanganyika-See” [Bujumbura, Bujumbura Mairie Province, Burundi], coll. Rudolf Grauer. Paralectotypes. ZMB 65179-65180 (formerly part of ZMB 36111), same collection data as for the holotype. Present name. Hyperolius kivuensis Ahl, 193 1a. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 306, fig. 181). Lec- totype designation by Laurent (1961: 82, ZMB 3611la= ZMB 36111). Ayperolius spatzi Ahl, 1931a: 123. Lectotype. ZMB 32602, “Bakel-Kidira (Oberes Senegal- gebiet)” [Kidira town near Malian border, Bakel Depart- Zoosyst. Evol. 97 (2) 2021, 407-450 ment, Tambacounda Region, East Senegal], coll. Paul Wilhelm Heinrich Spatz. Paralectotypes. ZMB 74853-74876 (formerly part of ZMB 32602), same locality data as for the lectotype. Present name. Hyperolius spatzi Ahl, 1931. Remarks. Lectotype designation by Rodel et al. (2010: 185). Another paratype (MCZ A-17646) from “Bakel-Kidira”, coll. Spatz, was sent in exchange to MCZ in 1932 (Barbour and Loveridge 1946: 131). The German trader and zoologist Spatz carried out var- ious hunting and collecting expeditions in the northern Sahara during which he also collected ethnological and prehistoric objects. In 1884 he travelled to Tunisia and Algeria for the first time. Further journeys to Tunisia were as follows: in spring 1891, together with Alexander Koe- nig and Koenig’s wife; in 1893 and from November 1896 to July 1898 together with Carlo von Erlanger; and from 1904 to 1906 together with Otto Eduard Graf von Zedlitz und Triitzschler and Alfred Blanchet. In the early 1920s he travelled to Mauritania, to the lower Senegal River and the Spanish colony of Rio de Oro. The latter he visited again with the Berlin taxidermist Fritz Bock in spring 1926. On behalf of ZMB he made a collecting trip from Dakar to the lower Senegal River from February to July 1928, then accompanied by his son Richard (Spatz 1926 1930; Schulz-Parthu 1997). It was probably on this jour- ney that the holotype of Hyperolius spatzi was collected. HAyperolius spinosus Buchholz & Peters in Peters, 1875: 208, pl. 1, fig. 3. Syntypes. ZMB 8359 and ZMB 59353-59355 (formerly part of ZMB 8359), “Cameruns” [Douala, Region Lit- toral, Cameroon], coll. Georg Anton Eugen Reichenow, don. Reinhold Wilhelm Buchholz (Fig. 9). Present name. Acanthixalus spinosus (Buchholz & Peters, 1875). Figure 9. Syntype of Hyperolius spinosus Buchholz & Peters in Peters, 1875, ZMB 59354 from “Cameruns“, coll. Buchholz. 435 Remarks. Depicted in in Nieden (1910b: 58, fig. 124), copied by Ahl (1931b: 446, fig. 310). Type locality corrected to “Douala” by Frétey et al. (2014); for further information see also remarks on Hyper- olis guttatus. Herrmann (1989: 13) reported two addition- al syntypes without inventory numbers in the collection of the Zoologisches Museum Greifswald (ZMG) from “Bon- jongo” [Southwest Region, Cameroon], coll. Buchholz. However, although the collector is identical, the locality of the two ZMG specimens does not correspond to the type locality “Cameruns” [= part of the present Douala, see above] given by Peters (1875: 209), and thus the ZMG specimens should not be regarded as syntypes. Ayperolius stenodactylus Ahl, 1931a: 21. Holotype. ZMB 85834, “Bipindi, Kamerun” [Bipindi village, Océan Department, South Province, Cameroon], coll. Georg August Zenker. Present name. Hyperolius stenodactylus Ahl, 1931. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 271, fig. 140). For Zenker’s activities in Cameroon, see the remarks on Hy- perolius obstetricans. Ayperolius striolatus Peters, 1882a: 9. Holotype. ZMB 9300, “Taita” [Taita Hills, Taita-Taveta County, Kenya], coll. Johann Maria Hildebrandt. Present name. Hyperolius glandicolor Peters, 1878. Remarks. Depicted in Tornier (1896: pl. 4, fig. 21) and redrawn in Ahl (1931b: 313, fig. 187, right specimen). Ayperolius stuhImanni Ahl, 1931a: 113. Holotype. ZMB 13008, “Vitschumbi, Stidende des Al- bert-Eduard-See’s” [Witschumbi on the southern tip of Lake Edward, North Kivu Province, Democratic Repub- lic of the Congo], coll. Franz Ludwig Stuhlmann. Present name. Hyperolius viridiflavus (Duméril & Bi- bron, 1841). Remarks. Drawing in Tornier (1896, pl. 4, fig. 24) re- printed by Ahl (1931b: 396, fig. 271). Ayperolius substriatus Ahl, 1931a: 84. Holotype. ZMB 36099, “Magrotto bei Tanga” [plantation in southern part of Mlinga Mountains, East Usambara, Tan- ga Region, Tanzania], coll. Georg Martienssen (Fig. 10). Paratypes. ZMB 23087, “Songea” [Songea district, Ruvuma Region, Tanzania], coll. P. Preuss; ZMB 85719, “Udyidji” [Ujiji, Kigoma Province, Tanzania], coll. Stab- sarzt Hésemann; ZMB 85859, “Magrotto bei Tanga”, ZMB 85996-85998, “Tanga” [Region], coll. G. Mart- ienssen; ZMB 85858 and ZMB 85863-85865, ”Usam- zse.pensoft.net 436 bara” [Usambara Mountains], coll. Otto Kuttner; ZMB 85860, “Marakiras (1500 m)” and ZMB 85861-85862, “Uhehe”, coll. W. Goetze; ZMB 85866 and ZMB 85875, “Amani” [East Usambara Mountains], coll. J. Vosseler; ZMB 85867-85868, “Mwa Mkoro [sic]” [Kwa Mkoro (Kwamkoro, Prinz Albrecht Plantations), Tanga Region], coll. H. Glauning; ZMB 85873, “Dar-es Salaam’, coll. F. L. Stuhlmann; ZMB 86018, “Nguelo” [Ngwelo, East Usambara Mountains, Lushoto District, Tanga Region], coll. Auguste Kummer, 1898-99; ZMB 86006-86011 and ZMB 86019-86025, no collecting data. Present name. Hyperolius substriatus Ahl, 1931. Remarks. Drawings illustrating the variation of this taxon were published by Ahl (1931b: 358, fig. 234), re- printed from Tornier (1896, pl. 4, figs 65, 67, 69, 71). Ahl (1931a: 85) mentions all together 65 specimens of which we could not locate the material collected from “Konde Nika” and “Derema”. For Martienssen’s activities in East Africa and locality information and collecting dates, see remarks on H. pygmaeus, as well as GvoZzdik et al. (2014). Figure 10. Holotype of Hyperolius substriatus Ah, 193la, ZMB 36099 from “Magrotto bei Tanga’, coll. Martienssen. Hyperolius substriatus see Hyperolius scriptus. HAyperolius taeniatus Peters, 1854: 627. Holotype. ZMB 4531, “Boror” [Companhia do Boror, Zambezia Province, Mozambique], coll. Wilhelm Carl Hartwig Peters. Present name. Hyperolius marmoratus Rapp, 1842. Remarks. Peters (1882b: 167) mentions that he re- ceived only a single specimen from “Boror” in March 1846 and depicted it in plate 22, fig. 7. An additional drawing of the holotype is shown by Tornier (1896, pl. 4, fig. 56). FAyperolius tettensis Peters, 1854: 628. Holotype. ZMB 4812, “Tette” [Tete Province, Mozam- bique], coll. Wilhelm Carl Hartwig Peters. zse.pensoft.net Tillack, F. et al.: A type catalogue of the Hyperoliidae Present name. Hyperolius argus Peters, 1854. Remarks. Peters (1882b: 164) mentioned the sole fe- male type specimen collected by him at “Tette” and syn- onymized it with a species he described, H. flavoviridis. The latter was later considered by Laurent (1961: 74) as a synonym of another of Peters’ species, namely Hypero- lius argus. The type is depicted by Peters (1882b, pl. 22, fig. 5). See also remarks on Hyperolius flavoviridis. HAyperolius thoracotuberculatus Ahl, 1931a: 98. Holotype. ZMB 36097, “Afrika (ohne genauen Fun- dort)” [Africa, without locality information], collector or donor unknown. Present name. Ahl, 193 1a. Remarks. Laurent (1961: 68) erroneously gives 360097” as the inventory number for the male holotype. Hyperolius thoracotuberculatus HAyperolius togoensis Ahl, 1931a: 112. Holotype. ZMB 39009, “Togo (Genauerer Fundort un- bekannt)” [Togo, without precise locality information], collector or donor unknown. Present name. Hyperolius concolor (Hallowell, 1844). Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 390, fig. 264). HAyperolius tornieri Ahl, 1931a: 45. Holotype. ZMB 85833, “Ukami (Deutsch-Ost-Afrika)y”’ [Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania], coll. Georg Martienssen. Present name. Hyperolius tornieri Ahl, 1931. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 305, fig. 179). The holotype of H. tornieri was sent by Martienssen in April 1898 to ZMB. For Martienssen’s activities in East Africa, locality information and collecting dates, see remarks on H. pygmaeus, as well as Gvozdik et al. (2014). HAyperolius trifasciatus Ahl, 1931a: 119. Syntypes. ZMB 31868-31869 and ZMB 77976 (former- ly part of ZMB 31869), “Grand Bassa, Liberia” [Grand Bass County, Liberia], coll. Richard Oeser. Present name. Hyperolius fusciventris Peters, 1876. Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 303, fig. 278). Oeser collected the type specimens together with the ho- lotype of H. oeseri in Liberia, during his journey along the West African coast in 1928, see remarks above. Ayperolius udjidjiensis Ahl, 1931a: 97. Holotype. ZMB 36101, “Udyjidji’, [Ujiji, Kigoma Prov- ince, Tanzania], coll. Paul H6semann. Zoosyst. Evol. 97 (2) 2021, 407-450 Paratype. ZMB 85832, “Kibwezi, Britisch-Ost-A fri- ka” [Kibwezi Division, Makueni County, Kenya], coll. Richard Fritz Paul Hubner [later Huebner], 5 III. 1906. Present name. Hyperolius mariae Barbour & Love- ridge, 1928. Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 370, fig. 246). For Huebner’s activities in (British) East Africa see remarks on Hyperolius pulchromarmoratus, for Hoésemann, see remarks on H. argentovittis. Ayperolius unicolor Ahi, 1931a: 122. Holotype. ZMB 86013, “Ipiana” [Ipyana (Ipanya) on Ki- wira River, at the northwestern tip of Lake Malawi, Kye- la District, South Mbeya Region, Tanzania], coll. Adolf Ferdinand Stolz. Present name. Afrixalus stuhlmanni (Pfeffer, 1893). Remarks. For activities of Stolz in East Africa, see remarks on H. ipianae. HAyperolius variabilis Ahl, 1931a: 39. Holotype. ZMB 36122, “Bukoba” [Bukoba Urban Dis- trict, Kagera Region, Tanzania], coll. Johann Gustav Her- mann Schubotz, 15.VI.1907. Paratypes. ZMB 77802-77813 (formerly part of ZMB 36122), “Bukoba’, coll. Schubotz, 17.VI.1907; ZMB 36116, “Mohasi See”, coll. Schubotz; ZMB 46518-46519, “NW-Buddu-Wald” [Minziro Forest, NW of Bukoba, Mis- senyi District, Kagera Region, Tanzania], coll. Schubotz, VI/1907; ZMB 46521, “Insel Kwidjwi (Kivu See)” [Idjwi (Ijwi) Island, Lake Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Con- go], coll. Schubotz; ZMB 47210, “Sisse [sic], W-Niansa” [Sesse or Ssese Archipelago, Lake Victoria, Uganda], coll. Stuhlmann; ZMB 78564, “Udyjidji’ [Ujiji, Kigoma Province, Tanzania], coll. Dr. H6semann; ZMB 85831, “Kagera-Ufer” [Tanzania], coll. Stuhlmann; ZMB 85879— 85881, “Bukoba’, coll. Dr. Eggel; ZMB 85882, “Mporo- ro” [Region in southern Nyagatare District, Eastern Prov- ince, Rwanda], coll. Schubotz; ZMB 85890-85892 and ZMb 91000-91002, “Bukoba’”, coll. Stuhlmann. Present name. Hyperolius viridiflavus (Duméril & Bi- bron, 1841). Remarks. Ahl (1931a: 40) mentioned a series of 47 specimens from “Bukoba” including the “Type”. We failed to locate 23 of these specimens. He also lists 11 additional specimens that we could not locate, as well as a second specimen from “Mohasi See”, coll. Schubotz and two specimens without locality or collector information. Drawings of seven specimens showing the variation of this taxon are published by Ahl (1931b: 298, fig. 173). These have been copied from Tornier (1896, pl. 4, speci- men no. 26—28 and 30-33). Another two paratypes, MCZ A-17648 and 17626, from “Bukoba” collected during the first “Deutsche Zentral—A frika—Expedition”, 1907-1908 were sent in exchange to MCZ in 1932 (Barbour and Loveridge 1946: 129). 437 Ayperolius variegatus Peters, 1882a: 8. Syntypes. ZMB 10249 and 75602-75604 (formerly part of ZMB 10249), “Cabaceira” [Peninsula Cabaceira, Mos- suril District, Nampula Province, Mozambique], coll. Wilhelm Carl Hartwig Peters. Present name. Hyperolius marmoratus Rapp, 1842 [part] and Afrixalus sp. [part] Remarks. Hyperolius variegatus was described by Peters (1882a) from an unknown number of specimens originating from “Mocambique (Cabaéeira, Quellimane, Inhambane)”. Peters (1882b: 168) mentions that he first saw small specimens of this species on bushes on the “Cabaceira” peninsula in June 1843, an adult specimen on a mulberry tree in “Quellimane” in January 1846. He also lists an observation from “Prazo [estate] Boror” in March 1846, but did not mention the locality “Inham- bane” in this second publication. Tornier (1896: 145, pl. 4, figs 61, 62) mentioned and depicted the two syntypes from “Quellimane, Mozambique”, both inventoried to- gether under ZMB 4530. These could not be traced by Bauer et al. (1995: 46), nor by us. The other syntype(s) from “Inhambane” with unknown inventory number could also not be located. Laurent (1961: 67) suggested that one of the specimens under 10249 is actually a spec- imen of Afrixalus fornasini (Bianconi, 1849). Our exam- inations revealed that ZMB 10249 und ZMB 75602 are H. marmoratus, whereas ZMB 75603 and ZMB 75604 are juvenile specimens of Afrixalus. Identification on the species level was not possible for the latter two frogs. HAyperolius veithi Schick, Kielgast, Rédder, Muchai, Burger & Létters, 2010: 27, fig. 4 A. Paratype. ZMB 79542, “a flooded area in the middle of primary forest away from rivers and streams in Salonga National Park (02.88°S, 20.41°E, ca. 415 m above sea level), Province of Bandundu, Equateur Kasai Oriental and Occidental, Democratic Republic of the Congo”, coll. Jos Kielgast, 24—26.1.2008. Present name. Hyperolius veithi Schick, Kielgast, Rodder, Muchai, Burger & Lotters, 2010. Remarks. Holotype: ZFMK 89607, “a flooded area in the middle of primary forest away from rivers and streams in Salonga National Park (02.88 S, 20.41 E, ca. 415 m above sea level), Province of Bandundu, Equateur Kasai Oriental and Occidental, Democratic Republic of the Con- go”, coll. J. Kielgast, 24.1.2008. Paratypes ZFMK 89608— 89645 and ZMUC R771393—771412, same locality data as for the holotype, coll. J. Kielgast, 24 —26.1.2008. ZMB 79542 (formerly ZFMK 89631), was given in exchange to ZMB in October 2013 (see also BOhme 2014). Ayperolius ventrimaculatus Ahl, 1931a: 107. Holotype. ZMB 78563, “Vulkangebiet nord-6éstlich des Kivu-See’s” [volcano region northeast of Lake Kivu, zse.pensoft.net 438 Virunga Mountains, along the border between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo], coll. Werner Alborus von Raven, X/1907. Present name. Hyperolius castaneus Ahl, 1931a. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 381, fig. 256). The holotype was collected during the first “Deutsche Zen- tral—A frika—Expedition”, 1907-1908. Ayperolius vermicularis Ahl, 1931a: 24. Syntype. ZMB 10988, “Zanzibar” [Unguja Island, Tan- zania], coll. Franz Ludwig Stuhlmann. Present name. Hyperolius marmoratus Rapp, 1842. Remarks. Hyperolius vermicularis Ahl is a nomen novum pro Rappia vermiculata Pfeffer, 1893 which is preoccupied by Hyperolius vermiculatus Peters, 1882a. A copy of Pfeffer’s (1893, pl. 1, fig. 12) drawing is depicted by Ahl (1931b: 275, fig. 145). Pfeffer (1893) mentions two specimens (catalogue no. “352”) from “Sansibar, In- sel”, collected by Fulleborn on 6 August 1888. The type specimens of Rappia vermiculata are not mentioned in the herpetological type catalogues of ZMH (Hallermann 1998, 2006). A new search in ZMH collection also failed to locate the type material (Jakob Hallermann in litt. 29 July 2020). ZMB 10988 was inventoried as “Rappia vermiculata Pffr.” collected by Stuhlmann, allegedly at “Quillimane”. However, Tornier (1896: 141) stated that the locality 1s “Zanzibar” and depicted this juvenile spec- imen on plate 4, figure 34. Ayperolius vermiculatus Peters, 1882a: 8. Lectotype. ZMB 10050, “Malange (Angola)” [Malanje, Malanje Province, Angola], coll. Friedrich Wilhelm Al- exander von Mechow. Paralectotype. ZMB 9408, “Malange”, coll. Benedic- tus Ludwig Heinrich Otto Schitt. Present name. Hyperolius angolensis Steindachner, 1867 (fide Marques et al. 2018). Remarks. Tornier (1896, pl. 4, fig. 29) depicted the paralectotype; figure copied by Ahl (1931b: 338, fig. 211). Lectotype by subsequent designation through Laurent (1961: 88). The Prussian explorer and topographer Major Mechow participated in the first “Loango—Expedition” from 1873- 1875 under Paul Gtssfeldt (Gussfeld et al. 1879). On a second “Kuango—Expedition” (1878-81), led by himself, he and two companions, the botanist Julius Eduard Teusz and the shipwright of the Imperial Navy Jess Bugslag (or Buslag), travelled from Luanda via Malanje (June 1888) to the confluence of the Luhemba and the Cuango River (No- vember 1880). He returned via Malanje (February 1881) to Luanda and arrived in Berlin in August 1881 (Mechow 1882; Weidmann 1894; Heintze 2007, 2018; Teusz 2018). From 1878 to 1879, the expedition of engineer Schutt was carried out together with the architect Paul Gierow zse.pensoft.net Tillack, F. et al.: A type catalogue of the Hyperoliidae on behalf of the “Afrikanische Gesellschaft in Deutsch- land”. The expedition aimed at compiling topographic reconnaissance and producing maps. They started on 4 January 1878 in Luanda and reached the lower Luachimo River (3 to 9 February 1879) via Malanje (22 February to 4 July 1878), and Quimbundo (12 November to 1 De- cember 1878). They almost reached Mai Munene. From Quimbundo they turned back through the Lunda area and reached Luanda again via Malanje (12 to 24 May 1879) on 21 June 1879 (Heintze 2007). Hyperolius viridiflavus see Hyperolius flavoguttatus, Hyperolius irregularis, Hyperolius kandti, Hyperolius karissimbiensis, Hypero- lius koehli, Hyperolius kwidjwiensis, Hyperolius macro- dactylus, Hyperolius mohasicus, Hyperolius monticola, Hyperolius multicolor, Hyperolius oculatus, Hyperolius phrynoderma, Hyperolius punctatissimus, Hyperolius schubotzi (unlocated type specimens), Hyperolius stuhl- manni, Hyperolius variabilis, Hyperolius wettsteini. HAyperolius vittiger Peters, 1876: 122. Holotype. ZMB 8669, “Liberia”, coll. Heinrich Wolf- gang Ludwig Dohrn. Present name. 4/rixalus vittiger (Peters, 1876). Remarks. Peters (1876: 123) explicitly mentions the inventory number of the holotype; it was also mentioned and depicted by Tornier (1896: 144, p. 147, fig. K 50, and pl. 4, fig. 50). Ayperolius wettsteini Ahl, 1931: 70. Holotype. ZMB 36103, “Bukoba” [Bukoba Urban Dis- trict, Kagera Region, Tanzania], coll. Johann Gustav Her- mann Schubotz, 15.VI.1907. Present name. Hyperolius viridiflavus (Duméril & Bi- bron, 1841). Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 343, fig. 217). The holotype was collected during the first “Deutsche Zen- tral—A frika—Expedition”, 1907-1908. Kassina deserticola Ahl, 1930c: 280. Syntype. ZMB 23397 (formerly two specimens, one present in ZMB collection), “Windhuk” [Windhoek, Na- mibia], coll. Leonhard Scheben. Present name. Kassina senegalensis (Duméril & Bi- bron, 1841). Remarks. Ahl (1930c: 281) exclusively designated two male specimens from “Windhuk” (ZMB 23397) as types (“Typen”). Another syntype MCZ A-17650 (for- merly the second specimen under ZMB 23397) was sent in exchange to MCZ in 1932 (Barbour and Loveridge 1946: 132). Between 1909 and 1913, the German gov- Zoosyst. Evol. 97 (2) 2021, 407-450 ernment veterinarian and farmer Scheben sent several amphibian and reptile collections from the former colony “Deutsch-Stidwestafrika” to ZMB. Scheben collected in “Windhuk”’, “Klein Nauas” and “Rehobot’. Kassina maculifer see Megalixalus maculifer. Kassina modesta Ahl, 1930c: 281. Holotype. ZMB 27374, “Mariannhill Natal” [Trappist Mission Station Mariannhill, ca. 16 km east of Durban, today eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality, KwaZu- lu-Natal Province, South Africa], donated by the Mari- annhill Mission, leg. 11.XII.1912. Present name. Kassina senegalensis (Dumeéril & Bi- bron, 1841). Remarks. The holotype was probably collected by Rev. Father Pascalis Boneberg of the Trappist Mariann- hill Mission who sent several specimens to ZMB in 1913. Kassina senegalensis see Cystignathus argyreivittis, Kassina deserticola, Kassina modesta. Megalixalus dorsimaculatus Ahl, 1930b: 92. Holotype. ZMB 13696, “Magrotto bei Tanga” [planta- tion in southern part of Mlinga Mountains, East Usamba- ra, Tanga Region], coll. Georg Martienssen. Present name. Afrixalus dorsimaculatus (Ahl, 1930b). Remarks. For Martienssen’s activities in East Africa and locality information and collecting dates, see remarks on H. pygmaeus, as well as GvoZzdik et al. (2014). Megalixalus maculifer Ahl, 1924: 7. Holotype. ZMB 26911, “Ganda Ali, Annia Galla” [south of Bia Woraba in the Ennia Galla county, East Harerge Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia], coll. Carl Viktor Hein- rich Freiherr von Erlanger and Oskar Rudolph Neumann, 28.—29.V.1900. Present name. Kassina maculifer (Ahl, 1924). Remarks. From 1900 onwards, the ornithologists, mammalogists and explorers von Erlanger and Neumann undertook a two-year journey through Somaliland to the south of Ethiopia. They were accompanied by the physi- cian and collector of botanical objects Dr. Hans Ellenbeck, the cartographer Johann Holtermiller and the taxidermist Carl Hilgert. From Zeila at the Gulf of Aden [Zeylac District, Awdal Region, Somaliland] they started their journey on 12 January 1900 and travelled via Djeldessa [Jaldessa, Sitti zone, Somali Region, Ethiopia] (3 March 1900), Harar (1 April 1900 ), Biar-Woraba [Bia-Woraba, East Harerge Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia] (23 May 439 1900), the Wabbi River [Webi Shebeli] (passage on 10 June 1900), to Addis Ababa (16 August 1900). During that journey they climbed Abu-el-Kassim [Abul Kasim, Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia] on 16 July 1900. From Addis Ababa Neumann went alone to Shoah [She- wa Kingdom, a region present day in Central Ethiopia] and southern Sudan, then returned to Cairo via Khartoum. Erlanger went on to Lake Turkana (Neumann 1902a, b; Erlanger 1904; Kleinschmidt 1905; Kobelt 1905). During this expedition (map with the route in Neumann 1902b) he collected thousands of zoological objects (manly in- sects and vertebrates), which are stored in ZMB, SMF, NHMM, and the Walter Rothschild Zoological Museum (now the Natural History Museum at Tring; Stresemann 1947; Hildebrandt 2004). Megalixalus StuhImanni Pfeffer, 1893: 99. Syntypes. ZMB 10986 and ZMB 11015, ? “Quillimane” [Quelimane, Angoche District, Zambezia Province, Mo- zambique], coll. Franz Ludwig Stuhlmann. Present name. Afrixalus stuhlmanni (Pfeffer, 1893). Remarks. Pfeffer (1893: 100) mentions 26 specimens from “Sansibar, Insel” [Zanzibar Island], collected by Stuhlmann on 6. VII.1888. Ahi (1930b: 96) listed under “Megalixalus stuhlmanni’ two specimens from “Quilli- mane, Stuhlmann leg.” and denotes one of them as type: “No. 1” [= ZMB 10986] “Type der Art”; the specimen “No. 2” is inventoried under ZMB 11015. These two specimens are part of a collection of amphibians and rep- tiles (ZMB 10983-11015), which was donated to ZMB in 1893 by ZMH in agreement with Stuhlmann. This donation contains “Doubletten” from the Stuhlmann col- lection, which was described by Pfeffer (1893) (see also Kirchhof et al. 2016: 181). However, the location “Quillimane” as mentioned in the ZMB inventory catalogue does not correspond to the type locality given by Pfeffer (1893). It is unclear whether this is a transmission error of the locality information for the ZMB specimens, and “Quillimane” instead of “Sansi- bar” is correct. At least for the Berlin syntype of Rappia vermiculata, the locality information has been mixed up, as Shown by Tornier (1896: 141, see below). Megalixalus stuhlmanni and its type material is not mentioned in the herpetological type catalogues of ZMH (Hallermann 1998, 2006). During a renewed search, no further type material could be located (Jakob Hallermann in litt. 29 July 2020). Megalixalus uluguruensis Barbour & Loveridge, 1928: 231. Paratype. ZMB 38031 (ex MCZ, previous inventory no. unknown), “Vituri, Uluguru Mtns., Tanganyika Territo- ry” [Uluguru Mountains, Tanzania], coll. Arthur Love- ridge, 30.X.1926. zse.pensoft.net 440 Present name. Afrixalus uluguruensis (Barbour & Loveridge, 1928). Remarks. Holotype: MCZ A-13311; Paratypes MCZ A-13312—13320, all from “Vituri, Uluguru Mtns.,” coll. A. Loveridge, 27.31.X.1926; MCZ A-13321, from “Bum- buli, Usambara Mtns.”, coll. A. Loveridge, 14.XII.1926 and MCZ A-13368, from “Derema, Usambara Mtns.”, coll. A. Loveridge, XII/1926. ZMB 38031 was donated to ZMB by A. Loveridge (MCZ) in the 1930s and was inventoried in 1958. Megalixalus variabilis Ahi, 1930a: 526. Syntypes. ZMB 7856 and ZMB 50108-50117 (formerly part of ZMB 7856), “Noss Faly, bei Madagascar” [Nosy Faly, SW Ambaro Bay, Ambanja District, Diana Region, Madagascar], coll. Francois Paul Louis Pollen. Present name. Heterixalus variabilis (Ahl, 1930a). Remarks. One of the 12 syntypes mentioned by Ahl (1930a: 527) could not be located. Pollen, a Dutch mer- chant and naturalist, undertook expeditions to Madagas- car and its offshore islands in the Mozambique Channel, as Well as trips to the Comoros, Mascarenes and Réunion. He collected various botanical and zoological objects between 1863 and 1866 (Pollen 1867, 1868; Rosenberg 1886). His collections are held today by the BMNH, RMNH and ZMB. Morerella cyanophthalma Rédel, Assemian, Kouamé, Tohé and Perret in Rédel, Kosuch, Grafe, Boistel, Assemian, Kouamé, Tohé, Gouréne, Perret, Henle, Tafforeau, Pollet & Veith, 2009: 29. Paratypes. ZMB 71566 (cleared and stained), “Ban- co National Park, near forest school, 05°23'.104"N, 04°03.072"W, Ivory Coast” coll. N. Emmanuel Assemi- an, N’Goran G. Kouamé, Blayda Tohé and Mark-Oliver Rodel, 4.[X.2003; ZMB 71588-71590 and ZMB 73271, “Banco National Park, swampy forest with shallow puddles near river and open area near fish culture ponds, 05°25'N, 04°03'W, Ivory Coast’, coll. same as above, 23.[X.2004. Present name. Morerella cyanophthalma Rodel, As- semian, Kouamé, Tohé & Perret, 2009. Remarks. Holotype MHNG 2131.44, “Banco Nation- al Park, 05°25'N, 04°03'W, Ivory Coast”, coll. Jean-Luc Perret, 1980. Additional paratypes as follows MHNG 2131.36—43 and MHNG 2131.45—55 same collecting data as for the holotype; SMNS 11939-11940, “Banco Nation- al Park, near forest school, 05°23'.104"N, 04°03.072" W, Ivory Coast” coll. Assemian, Kouamé, Tohé and Rodel, 4 1X.2003; ZFMK 82796 same collecting data as for SMNS 11939 (Bohme 2014). Paracassina kounhiensis see Tornierella pulchra. zse.pensoft.net Tillack, F. et al.: A type catalogue of the Hyperoliidae Rappia dombeensis Tornier, 1896: 150, pl. 4, fig. 86. Holotype. ZMB 6465, ’>Dombe” [Dombe Grande, Ben- guela Province, Angola], coll. José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta, don. José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage. Paratypes. ZMB 9173 and ZMB 74945 and 75448 (both formerly part of ZMB 9173), “Chinchoxo” [Cab- inda Province, Angola], don. Africanische Gesellschaft. Present name. Not assigned to a valid name according to Frost (2021); see below. Remarks. As far as we are aware this nomen was not used again as valid after its introduction by Tornier (1896). It is not mentioned in recent compilations of the Angolan herpetofauna (e.g. Marques et al. 2018). In a letter sent to Wilhelm Peters, dated 12 June 1869, Bocage announced a shipment containing 30 species of “Reptiles et Batraciens”. He listed under no. 21 a “Hy- perolius dombeensis n. sp. [from] Dombe”. The letter is archived in the Historical Research department at the Mu- seum fiir Naturkunde Berlin (ZMB). The specimens were inventoried by Peters as ZMB 6456 under the name “Hy- perolius dombeensis Bocage” and marked as type spec- imen. Tornier (1896: 150) attributed the authorship to Bocage as well. However, to the best of our knowledge, Bocage never described a reed frog with the specific ep- ithet “dombeensis”. Furthermore, the name of this “new species” used by Bocage in his letter to Peters, 1s not ac- companied by a description or drawing. Because of this, the criteria of Article 50.1.1 of the Code ICZN 1999) are not fully met and the authorship should be attributed to Tornier (1896) who first published the name together with a short description and figure. Beside the specimen from “Dombe” which Tornier regarded as “Type”, Tornier also mentioned “identical” specimens from “Chinchoxo”, ZMB 9173 [original- ly three specimens] and a specimen from “Port Natal” [Durban, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa] in the “Hamburger Museum”. The Hamburg specimen, invento- ried under ZMH R16591, which we consider as paratype too, is currently determined as Hyperolius m. marmoratus (Jakob Hallermann in litt. 6 July 2020), and was collected by W. Joost on 23 April 1893. Jost also collected inver- tebrates at “Lourenco Marques” [Maputo, Mozambique | and “Delagoa-Bai” [Maputo Bay, Mozambique] (Wass- mann 1922; Harms and Dupéré 2018; Jakob Hallermann in litt. 31 July 2020). Our examination of the holotype revealed that it is a member of the ‘sharp-nosed reed frogs’, Hyperolius na- sutus complex. Without genetic data, identification to species 1s not possible (compare Channing et al. 2013). Rappia riggenbachi Nieden, 1910a: 244, fig. 4. Holotype. ZMB 20435, “Banjobezirk” [Mayo-Banyo Department, Adamawa Region, Cameroon], coll. Fritz Wilhelm Riggenbach. Zoosyst. Evol. 97 (2) 2021, 407-450 Present name. en, 1910a). Remarks. Depicted in Nieden (191 0b: 61, fig. 128) and Ahl (1931b: 391, fig. 266), copied from Nieden (1910a: 245, fig. 4). The holotype of R. riggenbachi was collect- ed in January 1909 by the zoologist Riggenbach who accompanied the “Zoologisch—Botanische Kamerun—Ex- pedition, 1908-1909” into the hinterland of Cameroon. The expedition started in Jabassi on Wuri River (15 to 16 November 1908) and went via Bamenda (17 December), the Bansso Mountains (29 December), Banjo (12 January 1909), the Genderu Mountains (20 February to 3 March), Gorua (13 to 23 April), the Lagdo Mountains (26 June) to Garua (11 to 20 August 1909). A map and itinerary of the expedition can be found in Reichenow (1911). Hyperolius riggenbachi (Nied- Tornierella pulchra Ahl, 1924: 10. Syntypes. ZMB 26917, “Garamulata, ca. 2800 m hoch, im Wald” [Gara Muleta Mountain, East Harerge Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, ca. 2800 m a.s.l., in forest], coll. Carl Viktor Heinrich Freiherr von Erlanger and Os- kar Rudolph Neumann, 31.III.1900, and ZMB 26918, “Somaliland” [Eastern Oromia Region, Ethiopia], same collectors as above. Present name. Paracassina kounhiensis (Mocquard, 1905). Remarks. For information on the expedition peri- od and route of Erlanger and Neumann, see remarks on Megalixalus maculifer. Unlocated type specimens Ayperolius bergeri Ahl, 1931a: 73. Holotype. ZMB unknown; “Guaso Narok (Englisch-Os- tafrika)” [Uaso Narok, Nyandarua North District Laikipia County, Kenya]; coll. Arthur Berger. Present name. Hyperolius glandicolor Peters, 1878. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 347, fig. 221). Ayperolius bicolor Ahl, 1931: 129. Holotype. ZMB unknown; “Farenda [sic] Bango, Loan- da”, [Fazenda Bango, Cuanza Norte Province, Angola]; coll. Lieutenant Karl May, 1903. Present name. Hyperolius bicolor Ahl, 1931. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl, 1931b: 414, fig. 287. HAyperolius buchholzi Ahl, 1931a: 56. Holotype. ZMB unknown, “Accra” [Ghana], coll. Rein- hold Wilhelm Buchholz. Present name. Hyperolius guttulatus Gunther, 1858. 441 Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 320, fig. 194). HAyperolius guttolineatus Ahl, 1931a: 57. Holotype. ZMB unknown, “Deutsch-Ost-A frika (naherer Fundort unbekannt)” [German East Africa, exact locality unknown], coll. Ferdinand Uhl. Present name. Hyperolius marmoratus Rapp, 1842. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 321, fig. 195). Chief medical officer Dr. Uhl carried out his colonial ser- vice at the “Schutztruppe” from 1896 to 1901. In Janu- ary 1900, he was commanded to Langenburg [Lumbira, Mbeya Region, Tanzania] to replace Stuhlmann (Stuhl- mann 1906). Ayperolius bituberculatus Ahl, 1931a: 27. Holotype. ZMB unknown, “Mohasi-See, Ruanda” [Lake Mohasi, Rwanda], coll. Johann Gustav Hermann Schubotz, VII/1907. Present name. Hyperolius kivuensis Ahl, 193 1a. Remarks. Drawing in Ahl (1931b: 281, fig. 152). The holotype was collected during the first “Deutsche Zen- tral—A frika—Expedition”, 1907-1908. Ayperolius moseri Ahl, 1931a: 50. Holotype. ZMB unknown, “Misahohe, Togo”, [Mis- sahomeé, Agou Prefecture, Plateau Region, Togo], coll. Ernst Richard Reinhold Baumann. Present name. Hyperolius concolor (Hallowell, 1844). Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 311, fig. 186). Ayperolius renschi Ahl, 1931a: 115. Holotype. ZMB unknown, “Zanzibar” [Unguja Island, Tanzania], coll. Oscar Rudolph Neumann. Present name. Hyperolius mariae Barbour & Love- ridge, 1928. HAyperolius schubotzi Ahl, 1931a: 63. Holotype. ZMB unknown, “Kissenji” [on the northeast shore of Lake Kivu close to the border of Democratic Re- public of the Congo, Rwanda], coll. Johann Gustav Her- mann Schubotz, X/1907. Present name. Hyperolius viridiflavus (Duméril & Bi- bron, 1841). Remarks. Depicted in Ahl (1931b: 329, fig. 202). The holotype was collected during the first “Deutsche Zen- tral—A frika—Expedition”, 1907-1908. zse.pensoft.net 442 Megalixalus laevis Ahl, 1930b: 93. Holotype. ZMB unknown, “Kamerun” [Cameroon], coll. Leopold Fritz Wilhelm Edmund Conradt, 8.V.1896. Present name. A/rixalus laevis (Ahl, 1930b). Remarks. The German colonial officer and planter Con- radt was stationed at “Lolodorf’ [Océan Division, South Province, Cameroon] and worked as station manager at “Johann Albrechtshohe” [southeast of Lake Barombi Mbo, near Kumba, Southwest Region, Cameroon] from 1895 to 1899 (Schnee 1920a). In February 1897, a shipment con- taining amphibians and reptiles collected by him at “AI- brechtshohe, Kamerun” arrived at ZMB. See also remarks on Hyperolius laticeps for Conradt’s activities in Togo. Specimens erroneously marked as types in ZMB inventory catalogues Ayla horstockii Schlegel, 1837: 24, footnote 1. ZMB 3064 (originally 3 specimens), “Cap” [Cape Province, South Af- rica], coll. Georg Ludwig Engelhard Krebs. Present name. Hyperolius horstocki (Schlegel, 1837). Remarks. The original catalogue entry of ZMB 3064 made by Martin Hinrich Carl Lichtenstein around 1858 is marked as type of “Hyla Horstockii Schlegel*” from “Cap”, collected by “Krebs”. The original entry was later crossed out and changed to “[Ayperolius| modestus, Boutry, Gold- kuste, [coll.] Pel, [don.] Schlegel” by the same. With this “correction” Lichtenstein probably was referring to Euc- nemis modestus Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856 (p. 36, no- men nudum). Likely following the new generic allocation proposed by Tschudi (1838: 35), Lichtenstein and Martens (1856: 36) listed a specimen under the name “Eucnemis Horstockii Schleg.” (= Hyperolius horstockii) with the lo- cality given as “Cap” but without mentioning collector or donor. We reviewed the documents archived in the His- torical Research department of the ZMB concerning the correspondence and exchange files of Lichtenstein with Heinrich Boie, Hermann Schlegel and Coenraad Jacob Temminck from the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Histo- rie in Leiden. We could not find any evidence that spec- imens of the original type series of Hyla horstockii were given to the ZMB. Most probably the specimens under ZMB 3064 (as originally indicated) were collected by the German apothecary and collector of natural history objects Krebs who regularly sent specimens to the ZMB collection during the first half of the 19" century (Bauer 2000, 2004) and then were erroneously marked as types. “Hyperolius callodermatus” attributed to “Ahl” ac- cording to ZMB inventory catalogue. ZMB 36096, “Ukami” [Udzungwa Mountains, Tanza- nia], coll. Georg Martienssen. Status. Unpublished name. zse.pensoft.net Tillack, F. et al.: A type catalogue of the Hyperoliidae Present determination. A Hyperolius which, due to the usual preservation state of these frogs — showing few diagnostic characters — cannot be assigned with certainty to any species. “Hyperolius cinctopunctatus” attributed to “Ahl” ac- cording to ZMB inventory catalogue. ZMB 31663, “Kibwezi” [Makueni County, Kenya], coll. Georg Richard Otto Scheffler. Status. Unpublished name. Present determination. Hyperolius viridiflavus ferni- quei fide Schiotz (1975). “Hyperolius janenschi” attributed to “Ahl” according to ZMB inventory catalogue. ZMB 36118 and 36119 from Rugwe [Rungwe village, Mbeya Region, Tanzania], and ZMB 36120 and 77033 from “S’ongwe” [Songwe, at the border to Malawi on the northwestern tip of Lake Malawi, Kyela District, South Mbeya Region, Tanzania], all coll. Friedrich Georg Hans Heinrich Fulleborn. Status. Unpublished name. Present determination. Most likely Hyperolius sub- striatus Ahl, 1931a. “Hyperolius nairobiensis” attributed to “Ahl” accord- ing to ZMB inventory catalogue. ZMB 36107 from “Nairobi” [Kenya], coll. Felice Thomas. Status. Unpublished name. Present determination. Hyperolius viridiflavus ferni- quei fide Schiotz (1975). “Rappia femoralis” attributed to “Matschie” according to ZMB inventory catalogue. ZMB 11088, “Borombi” [Colonial station, from 1895 un- der the name “Johann-Albrechtshohe”, southeast of Lake Barombi Mbo, near Kumba, Southwest Region, Camer- oon], coll. Captain Karl Ludwig Zeuner. Status. Unpublished name. Present determination. unknown, specimen not located. “Rappia ocularis” attributed to “Matschie” according to ZMB inventory catalogue. ZMB 11131, “Kribr’ [Océan Department, South Prov- ince, Cameroon], coll. Major Curt Ernst Morgen. Status. Unpublished name. Present determination. unknown, specimen not located. Acknowledgements We are grateful to Annemarie Ohler (MNHN), Alexan- der Kupfer (SMNS), Linda Mogk (SMF), Morris Flecks Zoosyst. Evol. 97 (2) 2021, 407-450 (ZFMK) and Jakob Hallermann (ZMH) for information on the availability of the publications published by Ahl 1931. Jakob Hallermann also provided information on the type specimens of the reed frogs described by J. G. Pfef- fer and Silke Schweiger (NMW) sent us information on the amphibians and reptiles collected by R. Grauer kept in the NMW collection. Vasco Galante (Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique) provided some information concern- ing Mozambican localities. We are thankful to former and present staff of the ZMB library, Martina RiBberg- er, Hand-Ulrich Raake, Maria Xylaki, Vivien Bauer and the Department of Historical Research at ZMB, Sandra Miehlbradt, Sabine Hackethal, Hannelore Landsberg for procuring rare literature and access to archive material. We are grateful to Aaron Bauer, David C. Blackburn and Alan Channing for their thorough reading of a previous version of the manuscript. Their comments and construc- tive critique improved our paper! 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