Zoosyst. Evol. 100 (1) 2024, 61-68 | DOI 10.3897/zse.100.113243 Ate BERLIN A new species of land snail, Xanthomelon amurndamilumila, from the North East Isles off Groote Eylandt (= Ayangkidarrba), Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia (Stylommatophora, Camaenidae) Frank Kohler’, Richard C. Willan?, Adam J. Bourke*, Paul Barden*, Michael Shea! Australian Museum Research Institute, 1 William Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, GPO Box 4646, Darwin, Northern Territory 0801, Australia EcoScience NT, 29 Ostermann Street, Coconut Grove, Darwin, Northern Territory 0810, Australia Ecological Management Services Pty Ltd., P.O. Box 580, Coolum Beach, Queensland 4573, Australia CO MN https://zoobank. org/7 DDF83B6-257E-4AAE-B21A-ECFA2DAI1B13E Corresponding author: Frank Kohler (frank.koehler@australian.museum) Academic editor: T. von Rintelen # Received 25 September 2023 # Accepted 3 December 2023 @ Published 26 January 2024 Abstract This paper introduces Xanthomelon amurndamilumila sp. nov., a newly-discovered land snail species inhabiting the North East Isles, offshore from Groote Eylandt (= Ayangkidarrba), north-western Gulf of Carpentaria, in the Northern Territory, Australia. Specimens of this species were first collected during the 2021 Bush Blitz expedition to Groote Eylandt, a large offshore archipelago previously unexplored for land snails. The taxonomic status of the new species was established through a comprehensive analysis of comparative morphology and mitochondrial genetics: X. amurndamilumila forms a maximally supported clade closely related to X. arnhemense and is characterised by a unique combination of morphological characteristics, including smaller shell size, dis- tinctive sculpture of collabral ridges and specific features of its reproductive anatomy. The genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationships suggest historical isolation. While the discovery of X. amurndamilumila sp. nov. enriches our understanding of land snail diversity in the Northern Territory, its conservation status is of concern on North East Island because of habitat degradation caused by feral deer. Key Words distribution, Gastropoda, Helicoidea, Pulmonata, taxonomy Introduction The genus Xanthomelon E. von Martens, 1860 compris- es several species of Australian camaenid land snail, typically characterised by their large, globose shells of mostly uniform yellowish-brown to ochre colour. The distribution of this genus encompasses the Australian Monsoon Tropics as well as eastern Queensland. Of the 11 currently accepted species of Xanthomelon, five oc- cur in the ‘Top End’ of the Northern Territory, according to the latest revision of the genus (Kohler and Burghardt 2016). These species exhibit varying degrees of morpho- logical distinctive characteristics, including some that are highly similar with one another and have distributional ranges that vary from narrow to wide. It is a testament to our rather poor knowledge of land snails in the ‘Top End’ generally that two of these five species have been described only a few years ago. Xanthomelon darwin- ense was only described in the 21“ century (Kohler and Burghardt 2016), even though it occurs in the Territories’ capital, Darwin and 1s readily distinguished from most other congeners by its much smaller size. This species has a narrow distribution in and around Darwin and is currently known only from two separate locations. In contrast, X. arnhemense Kohler & Burghardt, 2016 has a wide distribution, encompassing most of Copyright Kohler, F. et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 62 Arnhem Land. However, this species had also re- mained unrecognised for at least a century due to its highly cryptic nature, even though specimens are well represented in museum collections. However, shells of X. arnhemense are indistinguishable from those of its close ally, X. interpositum Iredale, 1938. Indeed, these two species can be distinguished only through comparative reproductive anatomy or genetics. The previously-poor documentation of Xanthomelon is but one example of how the scarcity of modern systematic studies impairs the documentation of the Territories’ land snail fauna to this day. The recent discovery of another undescribed species of land snail in the North- ern Territory, Parglogenia cobourgensis Kohler & Shea, 2022, which had been overlooked for centuries due to its externally cryptic shell, is another example illustrating our slow progress towards a more complete documentation of the land snail fauna of the Northern Territory (Kohler and Shea 2022). The presumably still incomplete knowledge of Aus- tralian land snails also hampers our ability to manage and conserve the fauna that has already been described. Indeed, Willan et al. (2009) showed that four species of Torresitrachia Iredale, 1939 described in 2009, which are endemic to the Daly Basin Bioregion and have very limited distribution ranges, are under threat of extinction due to the impact of changed fire regimes and the transformation of native savannah by intro- duced grasses. To remedy the lack of documentation of biotic patterns throughout the Northern Territory, more systematic studies are urgently needed that employ contemporary methods and analyse evidence from multiple sources of information to reliably identify and delimit species. Oftentimes, new species may be discovered when understudied museum samples are examined, especially by using novel scientific techniques. Parglogenia cobourgensis and Xanthomelon arnhemense are two such species that were discovered in museum collections. Secondly, new discoveries may be made in hitherto under-surveyed areas. In the present study, we examine newly-collected sam- ples of a presumed new species that were collected on small islets offshore from Groote Eylandt, which were never surveyed for land snails previously. The speci- mens examined here were first collected in 2021 during the Bush Blitz expedition to Groote Eylandt that aimed to close a pre-existing survey gap for multiple groups of organisms through a targeted survey (Willan and Bourke 2022). Preliminarily identified in the field by one of us (RCW) as a putative new species of Xanthomelon, we here employ comparative morphology and mitochondri- al genetics to resolve its taxonomic status. To ensure an accurate taxonomic assessment, we compare all new data collected on this putative new species with the current knowledge of the Xanthomel/on species in the “Top End’ as summarised in the latest systematic revision by Kohler and Burghardt (2016). zse.pensoft.net Kohler, F. et al.: Xanthomelon from North East Isles, Australia Materials and methods The present study is based on samples collected on North East Island (= Amburrkba) and Hawk Island (= Ayangkiirumanja) in the Gulf of Carpentaria during the Bush Blitz on Groote Eylandt conducted in 2021. Additional specimens were collected in 2022 on Lane Is- land (= Milyekaluwakba) and also on Hawk Island (Fig. 1). Most of the specimens have been deposited in the mal- acological collection of the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory in Darwin (NTM). Supplementary specimens have been deposited in the malacological col- lection of the Australian Museum in Sydney (AM). Material was collected by hand while conducting vi- sual searches of habitats on North East Island, the largest of the North East Isles. Living specimens were fixed and preserved in 95% ethanol. Shells were photographed and reproductive anatomy was studied using a binocular mi- croscope with drawing mirror. Height of shell (H) and diameter (D) of fully mature shells as recognised by a fin- ished apertural lip were measured with callipers precise to 0.1 mm and shell whorls were counted as described by Kohler (2011). Genomic DNA was extracted from small pieces of foot muscle using a QIAGEN DNA extraction kit for animal tissue following the standard procedure of the manual. Fragments of two mitochondrial genes, 16S rRNA (16S) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI), were ampli- fied by PCR using the primer pairs 16Scs1 (5'-AAACAT- ACCTTTTGCATAATGG-3’') (Chiba 1999) and 16Sbd1 (5'-CTGAACTCAGATCATGTAGG-3’) (Sutcharit et al. 2007) and L1490 (5'-GGTCAACAAATCATAAAGA- TATTGG-3') and H2198 (5'-TAAACTTCAGGGTGAC- CAAAAAATCA-3') (Folmer et al. 1994), respectively. Reactions were performed with an annealing step of 60 s at 55 °C for 16S and at 50 °C for COI with elongation times of 90 and 60 s, respectively. PCR fragments were purified with ExoSAP (Affymetrix) and both strands were cycle sequenced by use of the PCR primers. Chro- matograms were merged into one sequence contig us- ing Sequencher (Gene Codes Corporation. Ann Abor) and misreads were manually corrected where necessary. New sequences have been deposited in GenBank un- der the accession numbers OR610390-OR610392 and OR612298-OR612302. For the phylogenetic analyses, we built a sequence dataset by incorporating all available GenBank sequences of Xanthomelon (16S and COI). The 16S sequences were aligned using the online version of MAFFT (version 7.4) (Katoh et al. 2002) available at http://mafft.cbrc.jp/alignment/server/ by employing the iterative refinement method E-INS-i. The final sequence alignments of 16S and COI were concatenated into one partitioned dataset. Two partitions were designated, one for each gene fragment. Phylogenetic relationships were estimated by employing a Maximum Likelihood-based method of tree reconstruction (ML) using IQ-TREE v. 2.3 (Nguyen et al. 2015). We used the integrated Mod- elFinder (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017) to identify the Zoosyst. Evol. 100 (1) 2024, 61-68 63 ee T © A, Groote Archipelago cs ma ON (Gulf of Carpenteria) can ‘NY y 4 a \ : ae y a s ~ dh, (ne af S } N Groote Eylandt Map area Northern Territory 136.800 T T North East Isles Group Map area North East Island . (Amburrkba) gm ©y A -13.800 -13.6' Hawk Island = (Ayangkijirumanja) , Lane Island (Milyekaluwakba) -13.700 136.900 136.950 Figure 1. Map of the North East Isles off Groote Eylandt, Arnhem Land, Northern Territory. Specimens of Xanthomelon amurn- damilumila sp. nov. have been found on North East Island as well as Hawk and Lane Islands. Small circles indicate sampling sites. best-fit models of sequence evolution for each sequence partition. We employed Ultrafast Bootstrap Approxima- tion (Minh et al. 2013) to estimate the statistical branch support of the best Maximum Likelihood tree. Abbreviations used: 16S = 16S rRNA; COI = cyto- chrome c oxidase subunit 1; H = shell height; D = shell diameter; SD = standard deviation. Results Mitochondrial phylogenetics The concatenated sequence dataset of COI and 16S con- tained sequences from 79 individuals representing all the presently known Xanthomelon species (i.e. X. arn- hemense, X. darwinense Kohler & Burghardt, 2016, X. distractum Iredale, 1938, X. durvillii (Hombron & Jac- quinot, 1840), X. interpositum, X. jannellei (Le Guillou, 1842), X. magnidicum Iredale, 1938, X. obliquirugosum (E. A. Smith, 1894), X. pachystylum (L. Pfeiffer, 1845), X. saginatum Iredale, 1938) and five individuals of the pre- sumed new species of Xanthomelon from the North East Isles (1.e. two from North East Island and three from Lane Island). In addition, we included Quistrachia leptogram- ma (L. Pfeiffer, 1846) as the outgroup to root the tree. This taxon was selected because Qusitrachia is the sister group of Xanthomelon in the phylogeny of north-western Australian Camaenidae (Kohler and Criscione 2015). The COI sequences had a length of 655 bp and the 16S alignment consisted of 797 base pairs. Several samples missed either a COI or a 16S sequence, but all species were represented by individuals with complete sam- pling of both markers. ModelTest identified the General Time Reversible model with a gamma distributed rates (GTR+G+I) as the best-fit model of sequence evolution for both the COI and 16S sequences. The Maximum Likelihood phylogram revealed all se- quences of the putatively new species formed a maximal- ly supported clade in a maximally supported sister group relationship with X. arnhemense (Fig. 2). Uncorrected p-distances in COI ranged from 0.9% to 1.5% (average: 1.2%) amongst sequences of the putative new species (i.e. intraspecific genetic differentiation) and from 7.9% to 10.4% (average: 8.8%) between sequenc- es of the putative new species and X. arnhemense (i.e. interspecific genetic differentiation). For comparison, the intraspecific p-distances in X. arnhemense ranged from 2.3 to 7.5% (on average 4.8%). Comparative morphology The putative new species from the North East Isles differed from most congeners in having relatively strong collabral ribs on the shell. Collabral ribs are also present in_X. durvi- Ilii and_X. arnhemense, but are considerably weaker in de- velopment. We measured 75 specimens of the putative new species (54 from North East Island, 12 from Hawk Island, 9 from Lane Island) and found that the shells on average were significantly smaller than Xanthomelon shells from the closest land mass, which is mainland Groote Eylandt (= X. arnhemense; see Kohler and Burghardt (2016)) (Fig. 3). Shells of the putative new species measured between 13.6 and 21.5 mm in height (mean = 17.7 mm, SD = 2.1) and between 15.5 and 24.2 mm in diameter (mean = 19.6, SD = 1.9). By contrast, 25 shells of X. arnhemense from mainland Groote Eylandt were between 19.1 and 37.1 mm (mean = 28.8 mm, SD = 4.7) high and between 21.6 and 39.5 mm (mean = 30.2 mm, SD = 4.8) wide (Fig. 3). zse.pensoft.net 64 Xanthomelon n. sp. 96 97 0.1 100 Kohler, F. et al.: Xanthomelon from North East Isles, Australia AM C463518 NTM P48915 100 AM C462808 AM C468860 gghM C462808a 99 AM C462808b -| 100; AM C148335a AM C148335b 99 AM C460964b $0 gg NTM P48901 95|-— AM C471177 NTM P48909 gor-—- AM C463513 NTM P48907 AM C468858 93499 NTM P48904 NTM P48902 100'- NTM P48905 - AM C460964a 82 AM C468853 NTM P63372 of WAM $36644 git WAM S36646 100 WAM S36645 X. obliquirugosum 75[ WAM S49349 WAM S$49359 AM C473952 99F AM C487603b 87 AM C487603a i 100 AM C478453b Xx. darwinense MV 390 AM C478453a AM C462719 AM C462809a 100F AM C462809b 93 AM C462806 AM C480020 AM C480021 100) AM C462807 gg} | AM C478299 3 AM C478301 doi AM C478305 98 AM C478306 AM C478307 X. janellei AM C476748b 94ho00|; AM C478262a 100! AM C478262b 5¢ AM C480010 AM C476040b 99 AM C477862 100 ed AM C445349 | 99-— AM C476040a AM C478265 99 AM C468879 NTM P48906 100 } AM C468855a AM C468855b 78 AM C477879 AM C480013 X. arnhemense AM €152263 97|— AM C480018 100 AM C480011 NTM P64715a - Lane Island NTM P64715c - Lane Island 83 X. interpositum 400 100 99 96 NTM P64715d - Lane Island Xanthomelon ma NTM P64715b - Lane Island n. sp. NTM P62888b - North East Island NTM P62888a - North East Island - AM C478259 M X.magnidicum ra MV 1222 100 100 | QMMO78172a X. pachystylum QMMO78172b a ay ee EB X. saginatum 400) AM C458312 AM C460959a gies AM C460959b X. durvillii AM C478454 Quistrachia leptogramma WAM S49575 Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood phylogram based on analysis of a concatenated alignment of partial 16S and COI sequences using IQ-Tree. Numbers on branches indicate nodal support by 10,000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates. Sequences of Quistrachia leptogram- ma were used to root this tree. Scale bar indicating modelled evolutionary distance of 10%. zse.pensoft.net Zoosyst. Evol. 100 (1) 2024, 61-68 40 35 30 20 15 10 10 15 20 25 65 30 35 40 45 D Figure 3. Shell size comparison between the putative new species (circles) and_X. arnhemense from adjacent Groote Eylandt (full triangles) by plotting shell height (H) against shell diameter (D). The reproductive anatomy of two specimens from North East Island was examined and found to differ sig- nificantly from the reproductive anatomy of X. durvi- Ilii, X. interpositum and X. darwinense as depicted by Kohler & Burghardt (2016: fig. 6A-C). Amongst other features, all these species differed most noticeably in having a long epiphallus (1.5 to 3 times longer than pe- nis). By contrast, the epiphallus in specimens from the North East Isles is much shorter relative to the length of the penis (approx. 0.75 of penis length). Both X. jannel- lei and_X. arnhemense have a similar configuration of re- productive organs, particularly lacking a well-developed epiphallus (i.e. epiphallus shorter than penis; see Kohler & Burghardt (2016: fig. 6D-E). Of these two species, X. jannellei is distinguished from the other two species in having a densely pustulated apical portion of the inner penial wall, a feature which is not exhibited by X. arnhe- mense or the putative new species. Indeed, the putative new species and X. arnhemense do not differ notably in their reproductive anatomy. Taxonomic description Xanthomelon amurndamilumila sp. nov. https://zoobank.org/37 DESE77-7A67-4069-98C2-9FEA 94 1205C8 Type locality. AUstrALIA * Northern Territory, Groote Eylandt (= Ayangkidarrba), North East Isles, North East Island (= Amburrkba), 13°38'13.2"S, 136°56'34.5"E. Holotype NTM P.65134 (1 preserved specimen, dis- sected, shell broken; Fig. 4), from type locality, coll. A.J. Bourke, 18 June 2021. Paratypes NTM P.62888 (14 preserved specimens; Fig. 5B), AM C.548628 (4 preserved specimens), from type locality, coll. A.J. Bourke, 18 June 2021. Additional (non-type) specimens examined. North East Isles, North East Island (= Amburrkba), NTM P.62774 (59 dried shells), coll. R.C. Willan & A.J. Bourke, 18 June 2021; NTM P.62904 (23 dried shells), coll. R.C. Willan & A.J. Bourke, 18 June 2021; North East Isles, Lane Island (= Milyekaluwakba), NTM P.64715 (4 dried shells), coll. P. Barden, 15 November 2022, NTM P.64717 (7 dried shells), coll. P. Barden, 15 November 2022; North East Isles, Hawk Island (= Ayangkijiruman- ja), NT'M P.62775 (14 dried shells), coll. R.C. Willan & A.J. Bourke, 22 June 2021, P.64716 (1 dried shell), coll. P. Barden, 15 November 2022. Description. Shell (Fig. 5). Comparatively small for genus (H = 13.6—21.5 mm, D = 15.5—24.2 mm), broad- ly conical to almost globose in shape, with moderately elevated spire (H/D = 0.81-0.99). Teleoconch entirely covered with well-developed collabral ridges. Whorls with well-rounded periphery, weakly shouldered below well-incised suture. Last whorl rapidly descending just behind aperture; apertural lip thick, slightly reflected, white, parietal wall calloused. Umbilicus narrow, open, partly concealed by reflected columellar lip; collabral ribs ornamented with very small pustules inside umbilical cavity. Shell colour uniform, light brown. Reproductive anatomy (Fig. 4). Penis rather thick, un- coiled, slightly bent, with short epiphallus (shorter than penis), embedded in thin semi-transparent penial sheath; vagina short, thick; bursa copulatrix thick, comparatively short, with bulbous head, extending up to half of sper- moviduct; vas deferens thick; proximal part of penial wall thickened, inner penial wall proximally with two smooth pilasters and several strongly developed oblique acces- sory pilasters, distally with dense pustulation (based on dissections of two specimens). Etymology. The specific name for this new species of land snail, amurndamilumila, comes directly from the zse.pensoft.net 66 Kohler, F. et al.: Xanthomelon from North East Isles, Australia Figure 4. Reproductive anatomy of Xanthomelon amurndamilumila sp. nov., based on dissection of the holotype NTM P.65134. A Genital system; B Penial interior. Abbreviations used: ag, albumen gland; at, atrium; bc, bursa copulatrix; ep, epiphallus; hd, hermaphroditic duct; ipp, penial wall pilasters, ipw, inner penial wall; p, penis; rm, retractor muscle, so, spermoviduct; va, vagina; vd, vas deferens. Scale bars: 5 mm. Amamalya Ayakwa language spoken by the Anindilyak- wa Aboriginal people living on Groote Eylandt and Bick- erton Island in the Gulf of Carpentaria. The word, which was provided by the Groote Eylandt Language Centre in consultation with the authors of this paper, means bumpy or corrugated (as in a sheet of corrugated iron) and it 1s a reference to the regular collabral ribs that ornament the Shell. According to the Groote Eylandt Language Cen- tre, the official pronunciation of the word is a-murn-DA- muhluh-muhla. The name is intended as a noun in apposi- tion. Incidentally, Xanthomelon arnhemense, which is the cognate species living on mainland Groote Eylandt, has the Anindilyakwa name of yimurnderrma (pers. comm. P. Barden). zse.pensoft.net Comparative remarks. Xanthomelon amurndamilu- mila differs from other congeners in the Northern Terri- tory by having well-developed collabral ridges (absent in X. interpositum, X. darwinense and X. jannellei), smaller shell size (larger shells in_X. arnhemense, X. durvillii and X. interpositum) and in relative length of the epiphallus (1.5—5 times longer than penis in X. durvillii, X. arnhe- mense and_X. interpositum). Furthermore, X. jannellei dif- fers by having an extensive field of pustules on the apical half of the inner penial wall (refer to comparative mor- phology above for details and to Kohler and Burghardt (2016) for descriptions of other species). Distribution. Known to occur only on the three is- lands comprising the North East Isles — North East Island Zoosyst. Evol. 100 (1) 2024, 61-68 A 67 wee QRQN NAS . 10 mm Figure 5. Shell morphology of Xanthomelon amurndamilumila sp. nov. A Living specimen from North East Island, not to scale; B Paratype NTM P.62888. Scale bar: 10 mm. itself (= Amburrkba), Hawk Island (= Ayangkijirumanja) and Lane Island (= Milyekaluwakba) (Fig. 1). Threatening processes. The presence of thousands of long dead Xanthomeion shells scattered on the surface across North East Island suggests deleterious changes in vegetation have occurred sometime during the last 100 years. Current inspection of North East Island shows that it is heavily damaged through over-browsing by feral Javan Rusa Deer (Rusa timorensis) (Willan and Bourke 2022). This over-browsing and habitat destruction puts Xanthomelon amurndamilumila potentially at risk of ex- tinction on that island. Discussion The mitochondrial phylogeny revealed that the putative new Xanthomelon species on the North East Isles is most closely related to X. arnhemense, which occurs on Groote Eylandt, the large land mass closest to the North East Isles (Fig. 1). In fact, both species are sister species forming a single clade in the mitochondrial phylogeny of Xanthom- elon (Fig. 2). The genetic divergence between both species (p-distances of on average 8.8% in COI) is consistent with the amount of interspecific genetic divergence found in this genus (between 14.5% and 19.1%; Kohler and Burghardt (2016)), although perhaps at the lower end of the range. This genetic distance supports the conclusion that there has been a considerable duration of evolutionary isolation of the populations on the North East Isles and that there is no evidence for contemporary genetic exchange between them and_X. arnhemense on Groote Eylandt. The largely identical reproductive anatomy is testimo- ny to the close phylogenetic relationship between both species. We hypothesise that the putative new species likely diverged from X. arnhemense because of peripatric speciation after an historical event of long-distance dis- persal from mainland Groote Eylandt, but that there has been little if any genetic exchange between the two of them subsequently. That both species now form a sister pair of clades in the mtDNA phylogeny shows that there has been a sufficiently long period of isolation to allow any pre-existing ancestral polymorphisms to sort out. However, comparative morphology provides the strongest arguments for the recognition of the Xanthom- elon species presently living on the North East Isles as an independent species. The North East Isles species is char- acterised by several unique features, which distinguish zse.pensoft.net 68 it from any other species of Xanthomelon, including_X. arnhemense (refer to taxonomic description for details). The close relationship of both species is also evident from their closely similar reproductive anatomy. However, the significant differences in shell size and sculpture in com- bination with substantial amounts of mitochondrial variation between both taxa are indicative of the existence of largely distinct gene pools in both forms, hence indicative of the dis- tinct species status of the North East Isles species. We conclude that molecular and morphological data support the conclusion that the Xanthomelon snails from the North East Isles indeed represent a distinct species or an evolutionarily distinct entity, that has a distinct gene pool (as expressed in a consistently distinct morphology) and with a high probability of lacking genetic admixture with X. arnhemense (as expressed in substantial mito- chondrial differentiation). Acknowledgements Fieldwork on the North East Isles was conducted as part of the Bush Blitz Groote Eylandt 2021 expedition. Firstly, we thank the Anindilyakwa Traditional Owners of the North East Isles — Freda Wurramarrba and her four sons, Fabian, Ishmael, Hamilton and Veron — for allowing us on-to their land to collect molluscs. We also thank the Anindilyakwa Land and Sea Rangers, specifically, Katie Oxenham and Dan Keynes, for co-ordinating access to the North East Isles during the Bush Blitz survey. Lastly, we are indebt- ed to Kirsten Eden (Indigenous Protected Areas Operations Co-ordinator, Groote Eylandt Language Centre) for organ- ising the collaboration with Traditional Owners and other Anindilyakwa elders that resulted in the selection of the spe- cies’ name. Vince Kessner’s opinion that this taxon consti- tutes a new species of Xanthomelon is greatly appreciated. All the specimens were collected under CDU Animal Ethic Approval 20013 — Fauna Surveys and Monitoring in the Anindilyakwa Protected Area. 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