$¢PhytoKeys PhytoKeys 232: 67-75 (2023) DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.108986 Research Article Mitreola quanruii (Loganiaceae), a new species from a karst region in Guangxi, China Renchuan Hu", Xiaowen Liao2®, Binsheng Luo?, Cheng Liu*®, You Nong’, Lei Wu? 1 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning 530022, China 2 College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China 3 Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lushan 332900, China 4 CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China Corresponding author: Lei Wu (wuleiibk@163.com) OPEN Qaceess Academic editor: Petra De Block Received: 4 July 2023 Accepted: 17 August 2023 Published: 8 September 2023 Citation: Hu R, Liao X, Luo B, Liu C, Nong Y, Wu L (2023) Mitreola quanruii (Loganiaceae), a new species from a karst region in Guangxi, China. PhytoKeys 232: 67-75. https://doi. org/10.3897/phytokeys.232.108986 Copyright: © Renchuan Hu et al. This is an open access article distributed under terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (Attribution 4.0 International - CC BY 4.0). Abstract Mitreola quanruii, anew species from Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated in this study. It is morphologically similar to M. liuyanii because of the terete stems, creeping and branched at the base, the leaves which are pilose on both surfaces and the bilobed capsules with two erect horns. The new species can be distinguished from M. /iuyanii by its taller habit, up to 20-50 cm tall, its linear leaves, 4-18 x 0.3-1 cm with acuminate apex and 8-10 pairs of lateral veins, its narrowly triangular stipules, its linear bracts, ca. 1.0 cm long and glabrous and its glabrous calyx. Mitreola quanruii is temporarily assessed as data deficient (DD) according to IUCN. The habitat of Mitreola quanruii is extremely fragile. Therefore, this species deserves close attention and protection. Key words: China, Loganiaceae, Mitreola, new taxon, taxonomy Introduction Mitreola L. (Linnaeus 1758) is a genus of the family Loganiaceae with pan- tropical distribution (Chen 1995). It is generally characterised by cymose in- florescences, 5-merous flowers, cleft styles, half-inferior and bilocular ovaries and bilobed capsules with two erect or incurved horns (Leeuwenberg 1974; Wang 2018; You et al. 2020). The genus comprises about 17 species distribut- ed in Africa, America, Asia, Oceania and the Pacific islands (Leenhouts 1962, 1972; Leeuwenberg and Vidal 1972; Leeuwenberg 1974; Li and Leeuwenberg 1996; Islas-Hernandez et al. 2019; Li 2020; Liu et al. 2022). Some new species of this genus have been discovered and reported in recent years (Shan et al. 2019, 2021; You et al. 2020; Liao and Chen 2021; Liu et al. 2022). Southern and south-western China is the diversification centre of Mitreola and ca. 14 species have been recorded in this area so far. Of these, eleven species, most of them found in limestone areas, are endemic to the country (Fang et al. 1995; Li and Leeuwenberg 1996; Ma et al. 2010; Yu et al. 2017; Shan et al. 2019, 2021; You et al. 2020; Liao and Chen 2021; Liu et al. 2022). 67 Renchuan Hu et al.: A new species of Loganiaceae from Guangxi, China Guangxi is located in the south of China. It has geomorphologically diverse landscapes, complex terrain, warm climate, abundant rain, abundant sunshine and other natural conditions, which breed rich and unique plant diversity. A total of 8,892 native plant species have been recorded in Guangxi, including 889 endemic plant species (Wei 2019). As one of the diversification centres of Mitreola, Guangxi has a total of seven species, amongst which five species are endemic to Guangxi and are karst obligate species (Yu et al. 2017; Wei 2019). During our ethnobotanical field survey in Nandan County, northern Guangxi, in 2020, we collected a peculiar population of Mitreola with linear leaves, which was quite different from known species in the region. In the following three years, the same species was documented flowering and fruiting regularly at the same site. Careful comparison of the morphological and anatomical features of the collect- ed taxon with other Mitreola species led us to believe that the taxon which we col- lected from Nandan differs from all the previously described species of Mitreola. Materials and methods Several specimens were collected under evergreen broad-leaved forests in the hill region of Nandan County, Wuai Town, Tonggong Village from 2020 to 2022 and were deposited in the Herbaria CSFI, GXMI, IBK and KUN. The photographs of the plants were taken with a Panasonic LX100 camera. A detailed compar- ison with all other heretofore known Mitreola species was undertaken, includ- ing specimens deposited at CSFI, GXMG, GXMI, IBK, IBSC, HIB, KUN, PE, SYS and descriptions from botanical websites (e.g. http://www.cvh.ac.cn/, https:// plants.jstor.org/). Herbarium acronyms follow Thiers (updated continuously). The morphological characters are described according to the terminology pre- sented by Li and Leeuwenberg (1996) and the conservation status is assessed according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2022). Taxonomic treatment Mitreola quanruii L.Wu & R.C.Hu, sp. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77326465-1 Figs 1, 2 Diagnosis. Mitreola quanruii is most similar to M. liuyanii, but can be distin- guished from the latter by its larger plant height up to 20-50 cm tall (vs. up to 9 cm), its linear leaves, 4-18 x 0.3-1 cm (vs. leaves oblanceolate, 0.4- 5.6 x 0.2-1 cm) with acuminate apex (vs. apex acute to rounded) and 8-10 lateral veins on each side of the mid-rib (vs. 4-6 pairs), its narrowly triangular stipules (vs. stipules linear), its linear bracts, ca. 1.0 cm long and glabrous (vs. bracts narrowly lanceolate, 2-3 mm long, sparsely pilose on abaxial surface) and its glabrous calyx (vs. abaxial surface of calyx sparsely pilose). Type. CHINA. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: Nandan County, Wuai Town, Tonggong Village, growing in limestone areas, under evergreen broad-leaved for- ests, rare, 24°54'29.65'N, 107°21'43.83"E, 235 ma.s.l., 31 Mar 2021 (fl.), R.C. Hu HRC210331003 (holotype: GXMI051178!, isotypes: CSFI!, IBK!, GXMI051179!). Description. Perennial herb, up to 20-50 cm tall. Stems terete, creeping, branched at the base, bearing adventitious roots; internodes 1-5 cm long, PhytoKeys 232: 67-75 (2023), DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.108986 68 Renchuan Hu et al.: A new species of Loganiaceae from Guangxi, China shoots sparsely pilose. Leaves opposite, papery, linear, 4-18 x 0.3-1 cm, pilose on both surfaces, base decurrent and narrowly cuneate, apex acuminate, mar- gin ciliate, lateral veins 8-10 on each side of the mid-rib. Petioles 3-8 mm long, sparsely pilose. Stipules narrowly triangular, ca. 1 mm long, interpetiolar. Cymes terminal, 2-3-branched, many-flowered; peduncles slender, 3-8 cm long, gla- brous; bracts linear, ca. 1.0 cm long, glabrous; bracteoles narrowly triangular, 1-2 mm long, glabrous; pedicels ca. 1 mm long, glabrous. Calyx lobes 5, ovate, ca. 1.3 x 1 mm, glabrous, margin membranous. Corolla urceolate, white, ca. 2mm in diam. tube 1.3-1.7 mm long; lobes 5, ovate, 1.0-1.3 x 1.3-1.8 mm, glabrous, except for a ring of long hairs at the throat. Stamens 5, inserted near the middle of the corolla tube, glabrous, filaments ca. 0.8 mm long, anthers broadly ovate, ca. 0.3 mm long. Ovary semi-inferior, bilocular, ca. 0.5 x 1.3 mm, ovules numerous per locule; style ca. 1.2 mm long, free at base, stigma capi- tate. Capsules glabrous, bilobed, connate for 2/3rds of their length, with two erect horns, 1.2-3 mm long, sepals persistent at the base. Phenology. Flowering from March to April; Fruiting from May to June. Distribution and habitat. Mitreola quanruii is found growing on a watery stone wall near a rivulet, under evergreen broad-leaved forests in the hill region of Nandan County, Guangxi, China. Preliminary conservation status. According to currently available data, Mit- reola quanruii is only found in its type locality and there are only 63 adult plants and 21 seedlings in an area of ca. 450 m? (30 x 15 m). Further detailed in- vestigation of similar habitats is needed to give a better understanding of the species’ natural distribution and abundance. Mitreola quanruii is temporarily assessed as data deficient (DD) according to IUCN (IUCN 2022). At the type lo- cality of Mitreola quanruii, only a small area of native vegetation remains along the creek, surrounded mostly by plantation forests. The habitat of the Mitreola quanruii is extremely fragile. Therefore, this species deserves close attention and protection. Additional specimens examined. CHINA. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Re- gion: Nandan County, Wuai Town, Tonggong Village, under evergreen broad- leaved forests, rare, 24°54'29.65'N, 107°21'43.83"E, 235 m a.s.l., 27 May 2021 (fr.), R.C. Hu HRC210527003 (GXMI!); ibid., 28 March 2023 (fl.), Y. Nong NY230328 (GXMI!), ibid., 23 April 2021 (fl.), C. Liu 21CS20379 (KUN!). Etymology. We dedicate this new species of Mitreola to Prof. Quanru Liu for his substantial contributions to botanical research and education in China. Vernacular name. The Chinese name is proposed as xian ye Du Liang Cao (28! £5), which means that the leaves are linear. Taxonomic notes. Mitreola quanruii is most similar to M. liuyanii because they share terete stems, creeping and branched at the base, leaves pilose on both surfaces and bilobed capsules with two erect horns. However, M. quanruii is well distinguished from M. liuyanii by its linear leaves, 4-18 x 0.3-1 cm (vs. leaves narrowly oblanceolate, 0.4-5.6 x 0.2-1 cm), with acuminate apex (vs. apex acute to rounded) and 8-10 lateral veins on each side of the mid-rib (vs. 4-6 pairs); its linear bracts (vs. bracts narrowly lanceolate). Additionally, it is morphologically similar to M. pingtaoi in the conspicuous, terete stems, the white corollas, the linear bracts and the capsules with two erect horns, but it differs from M. pingtaoi in having linear leaves, 4-18 x 0.3-1 cm (vs. leaves obovate, 2-8 x 1.2-3 cm), glabrous bracts and calices (vs. bracts and calices PhytoKeys 232: 67-75 (2023), DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.108986 69 Renchuan Hu et al.: A new species of Loganiaceae from Guangxi, China Figure 1. Mitreola quanruii L.Wu & R.C.Hu. A flowering branch B stipule C top view of flower D longitudinally opened corol- la showing the position of the stamens and the hair ring in the throat E ovary, calyx, style and stigma F lateral view of fruit. PhytoKeys 232: 67-75 (2023), DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.108986 0 Renchuan Hu et al.: A new species of Loganiaceae from Guangxi, China 5mm Ww uy Hm i | 5 6 7 cm 1 2 3 4 PR PEA Rhea E | a ie BH G o GUANGXI INSTITUTE OF CHINESE - GXM | menicine 4 PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE Figure 2. Mitreola quanruii L.Wu & R.C.Hu. A habitat B habit C inflorescence D fruiting branch E leaves F lateral view of flower G lateral view of fruit. tomentose). Morphologically, M. quanruii is easily distinguishable from other species of Mitreola by its linear leaves. A key to the species of Mitreola in China is provided below. Discussion Karst ecosystems are renowned for their distinct vegetation and high biodi- versity, offering exceptional habitats that foster speciation and radiation (My- ers et al. 2000; Biswas 2009). The genus Mitreola predominantly comprises limestone obligate and narrowly distributed species (Yu et al. 2017; Shan et al. 2019, 2021; Wei 2019; You et al. 2020; Liao and Chen 2021; Liu et al. 2022). PhytoKeys 232: 67-75 (2023), DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.108986 7 Renchuan Hu et al.: A new species of Loganiaceae from Guangxi, China Notably, recent publications have reported new species of Mitreola exclusively found in the limestone region of southwest China (Shan et al. 2019, 2021; You et al. 2020; Liao and Chen 2021; Liu et al. 2022). This region boasts the most extensive karst formations globally and is recognised as one of China's three unique floristic centres, as well as a vital area for global biodiversity conserva- tion efforts (Yu et al. 2017). In recent years, scientists have discovered and doc- umented an increasing number of new plant species, including Annonaceae, Gesneriaceae and Magnoliaceae in this area (Hu et al. 2022; Li et al. 2022; Liu et al. 2022; Yang et al. 2023). Consequently, with further advancements in bio- diversity surveys, it is expected that numerous additional species of Mitreola will be identified and published within the limestone regions of southwest Chi- na and northern Vietnam, potentially bringing the total count of species within this genus to thirty. This highlights the limestone region's ability to support rich plant diversity and endemism, while providing favourable conditions for Mitreola. Moreover, the unique landforms in this area have likely accelerated the diversification of Mitreola. Consequently, comprehensive surveys and studies on the phyloge- netic evolution of Mitreola within the limestone areas of southwest China will yield significant scientific insights into floristic geography and the phylogeny of Mitreola in this particular region. Key to species of Mitreola in China 1 LGAVES INCOR cecceyrs tes recessces et eeeopyueets ict M. quanruii L.Wu & R.C.Hu, sp. nov - Leaves elliptic, ovate, lanceolate or oblanceolate.................ccccccceeesseeeeees 2 2 Stems inconspicuous; leaves in a basal rosette, sessile or subsessile.....3 - Stems conspicuous, creeping or erect; leaves opposite, petiolate............ 5 3 _Leaves elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 3.5-7 cm long with acute apex and the veins on the lower leaf surface purple; capsule horns incurved.................. decane ae se tis osteo age tater nce nna cance westen tet M. purpureonervia D.Fang & X.H.Lu —- Leaves spatulate or oblanceolate, 7-37 cm long, with obtuse or rounded apex and green veins; CapSule MOINS EF ECT ........ eee ecccceessececeeessseeeeeeseeaees 4 4 Leaf blades with 5-7 lateral veins on each side of the mid-rib; bracts nar- rowly triangular; stamens inserted at the middle of the corolla tube. .......... rok 2 Hetil te Utes det mene et en 20 tiles alee A M. spathulifolia D.Fang & L.S.Zhou - Leaf blades with 7-10 lateral veins on each side of the mid-rib; bracts ob- long; stamens inserted at the throat ......... M. macrophylla D.Fang & D.H.Qin Oey. OLEMNSF4SAM GI CCS, 3 Bes Pisce Rune Sr, menace eee JAR Ue ec Se eet hl 6 Sg TCU bO MUO cert st oaks Wad ree ceercoueel eb tapers ccal ak ce Moot cone oes nal ed Paamentaal anal, Woe ducers 9 6 Annuals; corolla tube as long as lobes; capsule horns usually curved in- WARS oar: sitter: utsmceeahatses ss vee eso M. petiolata (J.F.Gmel.) Torr. & A.Gray - Perennials; corolla tube longer than lobes; capsule horns or lobes erect ..... 7 7 Corolla lobes blue; stamens inserted at the base of the corolla tube ......... Brae oan, Mecoatoe eta te Rocce tia we ay re alee oe M. crystallina Y.M.Shui & W.H.Chen - Corolla lobes white; stamens inserted at the middle of the corolla tube....... 8 8 Leaves glabrous; stipules with glandular hairs at the margin; peduncles PES ELT OTN ites ch scarce 152 Ps hep ona data ores ny cee datuobc bas M. reticulata Tirel - Leaves abaxially pubescent when young; stipules glabrous at the margin; PECuNCleSSSACMMOMG. 2:8 s:.ch A nccarehees nt avecepeeett M. pedicellata Benth. PhytoKeys 232: 67-75 (2023), DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.108986 72 Renchuan Hu et al.: A new species of Loganiaceae from Guangxi, China 9 Stems erect; stamens inserted at the base of the corolla tube ............... 10 - Stems erect or creeping; stamens inserted at or near the middle of the COLO AMG Borsa teers Cee anchtirusausesa ca lce crn ron tees caxddtranaanded aaa beeaacae ees nee 11 10 Annuals; leaf blades ovate, 0.5-2 cm long, apex ObtUSE ......... cece ecisereet ese Moscsnryentths Wb ernuns ten ud Asean home cent? M. petiolatoides P.T.Li - Perennials; leaf blades not ovate, 1-10 cm long, apex acute.................06 Fem gnesPaielv ace aamenet tater osnsesGay Wai ecu WReCAERt el Rts ie M. liui X.L.Du & Z.J.Mu 11. Leaf blades obovate or oblanceolate, with 4-6 lateral veins on each side Gi Re AMC at rete, mate h vest crus nonesauekah tes eutitutca estan einem mamete emcees: 12 - Leaf blades elliptic, with 7-10 lateral veins on each side of the mid-rib .....13 12 Leaf blades narrowly oblanceolate, 0.6-7.4 x 0.2-1 CM ou... eeccccceeceeteees Saag oak tee ere Accen tata ne eacteg teat teen Cat meee M. liuyanii C.Liu & M.Q.Han - Leaves obovate, 2-8 x 1.2-3 CM..............06 M. pingtaoi D.Fang & D.H.Qin 13 Plant 3.0-8.5 cm tall; leaf blades bullate; calyxes purplish-red; corollas TRGAE UES ee on gs bleu aves tcaetnes ecten eeensabale M. bullata Y.S.Chen & J.J.Liao - Plant 8-60 cm tall; leaf blades smooth; calyxes green; corollas white......14 14 Leaves 4-10.2 x 1.8-3.8 cm, apex acute; capsules with two erect horns.. Bn PURE NM ee OED, SRP E Rin tat AN M. yangchunensis Q.X.Ma, H.G.Ye & F.W.Xing - Leaves 3-5 x 1-1.6 cm, apex pungent; capsules with two horns curved aie 1.4 Leah ae ea om, Sn eRe M. lincangensis Z.J.Mu, Z.J.Shan & B.Pan Acknowledgements We are grateful to Yan Kejian, Lan Xiangchun (Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanning) and Li Mou from Yaozhai Vil- lage, Baxu Township, Nandan County for fieldwork assistance and Chen Ming- min (College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology) for the line drawing. Additional information Conflict of interest The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Ethical statement No ethical statement was reported. Funding This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32000264), the Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Hunan Prov- ince (grant. no. 18B178), the Survey and Collection of Germplasm Resources of Woody & Herbaceous Plants in Guangxi, China (GXFS-2021-34) and the Ethnobotany Study of Baikuyao in Nandan, Guangxi (2018GXNSFBA281162). Author contributions Wu Lei and Hu Renchuan conceived of and designed the study. Hu Renchuan, Liao Xi- aowen , Nong You, and Liu Cheng conducted data collection. Hu Renchuan, Nong You and Luo Binsheng integrated the inventory and its analysis. Hu Renchuan wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. 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