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ZooKeys 1221: 175-203 (2024)
DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1221.135698

Checklist

Annotated checklist of Sarcophagidae (Diptera) of Jamaica, with

new records

Latoya Foote-Gordon™, Eric Garraway'®, Thomas Pape”®, Eliana Buenaventura®®

1 Department of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica

2 Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark

3 Grupo de Entomologia Universidad de Antioquia - GEUA, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
Corresponding author: Latoya Foote-Gordon (latoyafoote@yahoo.com)

OPEN Qaccess

Academic editor: Filippo Di Giovanni
Received: 30 August 2024

Accepted: 24 October 2024
Published: 13 December 2024

ZooBank: https://zoobank.
org/6B22A82F-C506-4232-8020-
72CD1410DB01

Citation: Foote-Gordon L,

Garraway E, Pape T, Buenaventura

E (2024) Annotated checklist of
Sarcophagidae (Diptera) of Jamaica,
with new records. ZooKeys 1221:
175-203. https://doi.org/10.3897/
zookeys.1221.135698

Copyright: © Latoya Foote-Gordon et al.

This is an open access article distributed under
terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
License (Attribution 4.0 International - CC BY 4.0).

Abstract

An annotated checklist of the Sarcophagidae of Jamaica is presented based on material
collected from 2018 to 2024, supplemented with specimens in museum collections as
well as literature records. The checklist comprises 45 species from 21 genera, of which
23 species from 15 genera were collected during the present study and identified based
on male terminalia. The following species are recorded from Jamaica for the first time:
Bahamiola orbitalis Dodge, Peckia (Sarcodexia) dominicana (Lopes), Tapacura mariarum
Tibana & Lopes, and Lepidodexia (Harpagopyga) diversipes (Coquillet).

Key words: Caribbean, checklist, diversity, flesh flies, Jamaica, Miltogramminae, Sarco-
phaginae, taxonomy

Introduction

The family Sarcophagidae or flesh flies is a diverse family of Diptera, currently
with 172 genera and 3094 described species (Pape et al. 2011; Buenaventu-
ra and Pape 2013), which are classified into three subfamilies: Miltogrammi-
nae, Paramacronychiinae, and Sarcophaginae. Members of the family are di-
verse in their feeding habits, including coprophagy, parasitism, predation and
necrophagy (Lopes 1982; Mullen et al. 1984; Ferrar 1987; Banziger and Pape
2004; Vairo et al. 2015; Buenaventura 2021).

Flesh flies of the large subfamily Sarcophaginae show a variable degree of
synanthropy or preference for human-modified environments (Beltran et al.
2012; Yepes-Gaurisas et al. 2013; Valverde-Castro et al. 2017; Buenaventu-
ra et al. 2021a), and several species have importance for forensic sciences
(Oliveira and Vasconcelos 2010; Segura et al. 2011; Cherix et al. 2012; Szpila et
al. 2015; Villet et al. 2017), while others may be mechanical carriers of patho-
gens (Sukontason et al. 2006) or play a role as general (Howlett et al. 2016) or
more specific (Wisniewska et al. 2019) pollinators. Flesh flies are hypothesized
to have originated in the Neotropical region (Buenaventura et al. 2021b; Bue-
naventura 2021; Yan et al. 2021), with species predominantly belonging to the
subfamily Sarcophaginae. However, further research is warranted to elucidate
their evolutionary history, ecological roles and geographical distribution.

1S

Latoya Foote-Gordon et al.: Checklist of Sarcophagidae of Jamaica

This paper aims to update the list of species of Sarcophagidae from Jamai-
ca based on data obtained from recent collections (2018-2024), specimens
in the insect collection in the Department of Life Sciences of the University
of the West Indies (DLSUWI) and the Natural History Museum of Jamaica
(NHMJ), and literature records. Research on Sarcophagidae diversity from
Caribbean islands has yielded the numbers given in Table 1.

Table 1. Sarcophagidae diversity of Caribbean Islands.

Caribbean Island Number of Species

Antigua (Pape 1996) 1

Barbados (Pape 2024) 1

Cayman Island (Pape 1996) 1

Curacao (Pape 2024) 1

Guadeloupe (Pape 1996) 2
Grenadines (Pape 1996) 2
St. Lucia (Pape 1996) 3
St. Vincent (Pape 1996) 5
British Virgin Islands (Pape 1996) 4
United States Virgin Islands (Pape 1996) 4
Turks and Caicos Island (Pape 1996) 7
Haiti (Pape 1996) 8
Martinique (Pape 1996) 9
Puerto Rico (Curran 1928) 30
Dominica (Pape 2024) 36
Trinidad & Tobago (Pape 2024) 39
Jamaica (Dodge 1965b; Pape 1989) 39
Bahamas (Dodge 1965a) 43
Cuba (Pape 2024) 5S

To date, there are no records of Sarcophagidae species on Caribbean islands
such as St. Kitts and Nevis and Grenada. However, the number of flesh fly spe-
cies documented in the Caribbean archipelago is expected to increase with
further field research and more intensive sampling efforts.

Dodge (1965b) provides the most comprehensive documentation of Ja-
maican Sarcophagidae, recording 39 species, 16 of which were described as
new. Few collections or biological observations of Sarcophagidae have been
documented from Jamaica since the 1960s (Freeman and Taffe 1974; Free-
man and Jayasingh 1975; Pape 1989; Foote 2014; Foote-Gordon and Gar-
raway 2023a, 2023b, 2023c), and the knowledge of Jamaican Sarcophagidae
is certainly incomplete.

This research aims to expand the understanding of flesh fly diversity and
distribution in Jamaica through comprehensive field collections, a systematic
review of historical literature, and the analysis of museum specimens housed
at the Natural History Museum of Jamaica and the Department of Life Scienc-
es of the University of the West Indies.

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Latoya Foote-Gordon et al.: Checklist of Sarcophagidae of Jamaica

Materials and methods
Study area

Jamaica is situated in the tropical zone approximately 18 degrees north of
the equator and is part of the archipelago of the Caribbean Islands. The is-
land measures 232 km in length, with a width ranging from approximately 48 to
80 km and encompasses an area of 10,992 km? (Wilson 2004).

The study area encompasses twelve habitat types (Table 2), such as coast-
al and freshwater mangrove forests, dry and wet limestone forests, wet and
dry forests, wet and dry montane forests, inland wetlands, urban and suburban
communities, and rural farms. A total of 17 sampling localities were selected
across these habitat types (Fig. 1, Table 2).

Table 2. List of sampling localities of Sarcophagidae in Jamaica between 2018 and 2024.

Geographic coordinates Altitude (m) Habitat description
A | Merrywood, St. Elizabeth 18°13'04"N, 77°51'02"W Rural farm
Windsor, Trelawny 18°21'109'N, 77°3847'W i Wet limestone forest

CD | Rio Bueno property, St. Ann 18°28'30'N, 77°26'41"W Dry limestone forest
—-18°28'01"N, 77° 27'51'W Solitary wasp nest

E 18°27'23"N, 77°21'08"W Dry limestone forest

F 18°05'15"N, 77°24'57"W Freshwater mangrove forest

G 18°24'52'N, 77°09'32"W Dry limestone forest

H 18°05'15'N, 76°42'13"W Wet montane forest
18°03'14"N, 76°24'46"W Wet montane forest, rural/farm community
J 18°02'27"N, 76°23'55"W Wet limestone forest

K 18°02'00"N, 76°40'29"W Dry montane forest and farmlands
L 18°03'36'N, 76°43'23"W Dry forest and suburban community
M 18°00'22'N, 76°45'00"W 180 Urban community

N 17°56'29"N, 76°50'02"W Coastal mangrove forest

O 17°57'17'N, 77°29'41'W 715 Suburban community

PQ 18°11'47"N, 77°15'35"W Inland wetland

ALT (m)
— 1500

CARIBBEAN

Map Data: SIO, NOAA, U.S. Navy, MGA, GEBCOLandsat/Copernicus 2013 Google

Figure 1. Distribution of sampling sites in Jamaica between 2018 and 2024. A Merrywood, St. Elizabeth; B Windsor,
Trelawny; C, D Rio Bueno, St. Ann; E Belair, St. Ann; F Green Grotto, St. Ann; G Roaring River, St. Ann; H Hardware Gap,
Portland; | Comfort Castle, Portland; J Bowden Pen, St. Thomas; K Salt Hill, St. Andrew; L Red Light, St. Andrew; M Mona,
St. Andrew; N Port Royal, St. Andrew; O Newport, Manchester; P Q Mason River, Clarendon.

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Latoya Foote-Gordon et al.: Checklist of Sarcophagidae of Jamaica

Specimen sampling, identification, and documentation

Field expeditions were carried out between 2018 and 2024. Sample collection
was conducted throughout the year, regardless of rainy and dry seasons, de-
pending on the availability of resources. Many of the flies were collected with
Van Someren-Rydon (VSR) traps and plastic bottle traps (Hwang and Turner
2005), and a few were collected with hand nets. Traps were baited separately
with various decomposing meats, such as chicken and pork, and fermented
fruits. At each site, two VSR traps were placed at a minimum height of 1.5 m
above ground and spaced at least 50 m apart. The traps were left in place for a
minimum of 4h and a maximum of 12 h.

Specimens were collected and preserved in 95% ethanol. Flesh flies were
carefully pinned, and their terminalia extended for detailed examination and
taxonomic identification. Taxonomic identifications were made of males only,
as females are difficult to identify. Taxonomic keys, descriptions, and illustra-
tions by Dodge (1965a, b), Giroux and Wheeler (2009), and Buenaventura and
Pape (2013) were used to identify species.

Neotropical distribution data were taken from ‘A taxonomic database to all
flesh flies’ (Pape 2024), and distribution in Jamaica is based on the specimens
collected during the present study and specimens from the insect collections
of the Department of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies (DLSUWI) and
the Natural History Museum of Jamaica (NHMJ).

Photographs of male terminalia were produced with a Leica M205 C stereo
microscope system camera.

Format of checklist

The checklist is arranged in alphabetical order, first by subfamily, then by genus
and species. Each species entry starts with a valid species name, the authority,
and the year of publication. For all collected specimens and museum material,
the following information is recorded: locality and date of collection, number
and sex of specimens, collector(s), and depository. Entries are separated by
semicolons. For localities with multiple hierarchical levels, a comma separates
the exact sampling site from the main locality or parish. Species previously
recorded from Jamaica have their published records listed in a section titled
“Literature records”, while species recorded from Jamaica for the first time are
indicated as “New records.” For each species, the general distribution within
the Neotropical region is also provided. Remarks are included when applicable.

Results

A total of 731 specimens of flesh flies from Jamaica were examined from
field expeditions, which included 325 females and 406 males, with 45% of
the males belonging to only four species (Table 3). The survey revealed new
records of flesh flies for the island, namely Bahamiola orbitalis Dodge, 1965,
Peckia (Sarcodexia) dominicana Lopes, 1982, Tapacura mariarum Tibana &
Lopes, 1985, and Lepidodexia (Harpagopyga) diversipes (Coquillet, 1900).
These new records increased the total number of flesh fly species known

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Latoya Foote-Gordon et al.: Checklist of Sarcophagidae of Jamaica

Table 3. Abundance and distribution of the most common and widespread species dur-
ing the study. Only males are included.

Species Number of individuals Localities
Bahamiola orbitalis 94 5
Oxysarcodexia peltata 46 10
Peckia chrysostoma 29 8
Peckia nicasia 14 6

from the country to 45 (Table 4). Most of the species belong to the genus
Peckia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 with six species, followed by Oxysarcodexia
Townsend, 1917 with three species. The remaining 13 genera are represented
by one or two species each. The rarest species found within the genus Peckia
are Peckia (Euboettcheria) buethni (Dodge, 1965) and Peckia (Peckia) hillifera
(Aldrich, 1916), each with only one individual, found in Rio Bueno, St. Ann and
in Belair, St. Ann, respectively.

Checklist

Subfamily Miltogramminae Lioy, 1864
Genus Amobia Robineau-Desvoidy

1. Amobia floridensis (Townsend, 1892)

Literature records. Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1969); Freeman and Taffe (1974);
Freeman and Jayasingh (1975); Pape (1996).

Neotropical distribution. Belize, Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Galapagos
Is, Guyana, Jamaica, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Trinidad & Tobago, Venezuela.

Genus Metopia Meigen

2. Metopia argyrocephala (Meigen, 1824)

Literature records. Johnson (1919, as Metopia leucocephala); Gowdey (1926);
Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1969); Pape (1996).

Neotropical distribution. Belize, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Sal-
vador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico.

Newly collected material. * Rio Bueno Property, St. Ann; 31 May 2018; 1 ; E.
Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI).

Remarks. Collected during the present study with a sweep net near nests of
solitary wasps.

Genus Opsidia Coquillett

3. Opsidia jamaica Pape, 1989

Literature records. Pape (1989); Pape (1996).
Neotropical distribution. Jamaica.

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Latoya Foote-Gordon et al.: Checklist of Sarcophagidae of Jamaica

Genus Senotainia Macquart

4. Senotainia rubriventris Macquart, 1846

Literature records. Johnson (1919); Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1969); Pape (1996).
Neotropical distribution. Bahamas, Jamaica, Puerto Rico.

5. Senotainia trilineata (Wulp, 1890)

Literature records. Johnson (1919); Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1969); Pape (1996).
Neotropical distribution. Bahamas, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Jamaica, Mexi-
co, Nicaragua, Peru.

Subfamily Sarcophaginae Macquart, 1834
Genus Argoravinia Townsend, 1917

6. Argoravinia candida (Curran, 1928)

Literature records. Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1969); Pape (1996); Carvalho-Filho
and Esposito (2012).
Neotropical distribution. Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico.

7. Argoravinia rufiventris (Wiedemann, 1830)

Literature records. Dodge (1965b, as Argoravinia modesta); Lopes (1969); Pape
(1996); Livingstone (2006); Dufek et al. (2015); Sousa et al. (2015).

Neotropical distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Jamaica, Trinidad &
Tobago.

Newly collected material. * Mona, St. Andrew; 06 Sep. 2018; 46 3; L. Foote
leg. (DLSUWI).

Museum material. - Rio Cobre, St. Catherine; 23 Sept. 1954; 1 3; T. H. Farr
leg. (NHMJ).

Remarks. Found associated with corpses, hence of potential forensic impor-
tance (Dufek et al. 2015). Itis known to infest turtle eggs (Smith 2001; Livingstone
2006). In the current study, it was collected in VSR traps containing decompos-
ing chicken. It has been collected from the carcasses of bears, deer and swine
in Louisiana using pitfall traps and manual sampling (Grindley-Watson 2004).
Argoravinia rufiventris is associated with human faeces, fish and bovine spleen
(Barbosa 2019). It is also collected from pig carcasses (Barros et al. 2008).

Genus Bahamiola Dodge, 1965

8. Bahamiola orbitalis Dodge, 1965

Neotropical distribution. Bahamas, Jamaica (New record).
Newly collected material. - Windsor, Trelawny; 01 Jun. 2018; 38 ¢; L. Foote
and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) * Green Grotto, St. Ann, 31 May 2018; 19 3;

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Latoya Foote-Gordon et al.: Checklist of Sarcophagidae of Jamaica

L. Foote and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) « Belair, St. Ann; 31 May 2018; 16 2;
L. Foote and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) * Rio Bueno Property, St. Ann; 31
May 2018; 2 4; L. Foote and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) + Red Light, St.
Andrew; 19 Mar. 2024; 19 3; L. Foote leg. (DLSUWI).

Remarks. The genus contains two species, Bahamiola orbitalis and Bahamiola
gregori Rohdendorf, 1971. This study presents the first record of the genus and
species in Jamaica. It was collected in VSR traps with decomposing chicken
and was the most frequently collected species during the study.

Genus Blaesoxipha Loew, 1861

9. Blaesoxipha (Kellymyia) jamacoorum (Dodge, 1965)
Fig. 2

Literature records. Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1969); Pape (1996).

Neotropical distribution. Jamaica.

Newly collected material. + Roaring River, St. Ann; 19 Oct. 2018; 2 <; L. Foote
leg. (DLSUWI) * Mason River, Clarendon; 26 Nov. 2019; 1 4; L. Foote leg. (DLSU-
WI) * Red Light, St. Andrew; 19 Mar. 2024; 3 3; L. Foote leg. (DLSUWI).

— oof -

—— —_— _

= Wipe

A777 y,
Uj)

=

ZooKeys 1221: 175-203 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1221.135698 181

Latoya Foote-Gordon et al.: Checklist of Sarcophagidae of Jamaica

Museum material. * Mocho, Clarendon; 16 Nov. 1978; 1 4; J. Simpson leg.
(DLSUWI) + Jacksonville; 05 Oct 1997; 1 4; M. Peddie leg. (DLSUWI) « Highgate,
St. Mary; 05 Oct. 2008; 1 4; M. Grant leg. (DLSUWI) * Windsor, Trelawny; 28 Sep.
2014; 1 4; D. Wilkins leg. (DLSUWI) » Lewisburg, St. Mary; 18 Oct. 2015; 1 3;
Heslop leg. (DLSUWI) * Halse Hall, Clarendon; Mona, St. Andrew; 27 Oct. 2016;
2 3; K. Minott leg. (DLSUWI).

Remarks. Collected on overripe mango fruit by Dodge (1965b). In this study,
it was collected from decomposing chicken and pork.

10. Blaesoxipha (Gigantotheca) plinthopyga (Wiedemann, 1830)

Literature records. Johnson (1919); Lopes (1941); Dodge (1965b); Pape (1996);
Mello-Patiu (2016).

Neotropical distribution. American Virgin Is, Bahamas, Brazil, Costa Rica,
Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Galapagos Is, Guatemala,
Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Venezuela.

Newly collected material. * Mona, St. Andrew; 26 Jun. 2018; 10 3; L. Foote
leg. (DLSUWI).

Museum material. - Morant Bay, St. Thomas; 28 Jan. 1989; 1 4; (DLSUWI) «
Stony Hill, St. Andrew; 17 May 1992; 1 2; J. Rodent leg. (DLSUWI) » Meadow-
brook Estate, Kingston; 21 Oct 2003; 1 <4; C. McIntosh leg. (DLSUWI) * Spanish
Town, St. Catherine; 18 Nov. 2006; 1 3; T. Mcintyre leg. (DLSUWI) » Havendale,
Kingston; 09 Nov. 2011; 1 3; P. Sutherland leg. (DLSUWI) * Mona, St. Andrew; 17
Mar. 2015; 2 4; Gilles-Lee leg. (DLSUWI) » Downtown, Kingston; 07 Nov. 1946;
2 4,5 9; G. B. Thomspon leg. (NHMJ) * Downtown, Kingston; 18 Dec. 2013; 6 3,
4 9; L. Wright leg. (NHMJ).

Remarks. This widely distributed species was reported on a human corpse
in the USA (Wells and Smith 2013), and it is considered medically and forensi-
cally important (Barbosa 2019). Dodge (1965b) mentions specimens that were
“bred from dead crocodile.” During the study period, it was reared from buried
pork bait in Jamaica.

Genus Boettcheria Parker, 1914

11. Boettcheria parkeri (Aldrich, 1916)
Fig:.2

Literature records. Johnson (1919); Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1969); Pape (1996).

Neotropical distribution. Jamaica.

Newly collected material. » Bowden Pen, St. Thomas; 05 Jun. 2018; 7 3; E.
Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) « Salt Hill, St. Andrew; 26 Feb. 2024; 1 2; L. Foote
leg. (DLSUWI).

Museum material. * Hermitage Reservoir, St. Andrew; 30 May 1954; 2 4; T. H.
Farr leg. (NHMJ) * Corn Puss Gap, St. Thomas; 04 Aug. 1948; 1 4; R. P. Bengry
leg. (NHMJ) ¢ Unity Valley, St. Ann; 14 Nov. 1954; 1 3; T. H. Farr leg. (NHMJ).

Remarks. Boettcheria parkeri is still the only species of Boettcheria known
from Jamaica (Pape 1996), and as for most other species in this genus, the
biology is unknown. It was collected in a VSR trap baited with decomposing

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Latoya Foote-Gordon et al.: Checklist of Sarcophagidae of Jamaica

| 3
5

Figure 3. Boettcheria parkeri. Male terminalia, lateral view; endemic to Jamaica. Scale bar: 1 mm.

chicken and pork. Members of the genus are often listed as carrion flies
(Ramirez-Mora et al. 2012) and are found in a variety of habitats, from old-
growth forests to urban areas (Dahlem and Downes 1996).

Genus Chrysagria Townsend

12. Chrysagria duodecimpunctata Townsend, 1935

Literature records. Dodge (1965b, as Sarcofahrtiamyia tenta); Lopes (1969, as
Sarcofahrtiamyia tenta); Pape (1996); Mello-Patiu (2016).

Neotropical distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Dominica, Ecuador,
Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru.

Genus Dexosarcophaga Townsend, 1917

13. Dexosarcophaga ruthae (Dodge, 1965)

Literature records. Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1969); Mello (1996); Pape (1996).
Neotropical distribution. Jamaica.
Remarks. The type series was collected “over broken nest of Nasutitermes”
(Dodge 1965b).
Genus Helicobia Coquillett, 1895

14. Helicobia morionella (Aldrich, 1930)

Literature records. Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1969); Pape (1996); Mello-Patiu
(2016); Dufek (2019); Dufek et al. (2020).

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Latoya Foote-Gordon et al.: Checklist of Sarcophagidae of Jamaica

Neotropical distribution. American Virgin Is, Argentina, Bahamas, Brazil, Co-
lombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Ja-
maica, México, Puerto Rico, Venezuela.

Newly collected material. * Rio Bueno Property, St. Ann; 31 May 2018; 1 3; L.
Foote and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) « Belair, St. Ann; 31 May 2018; 1 3) L.
Foote and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI).

Museum material. * Windsor Hotel, St. Ann; 19 Mar. 1955; 1 4; T. H. Farr leg.
(NHM4J) « Ferry, St. Andrew, 30 Oct. 1946; 1 3; G. B. Thompson leg. (NHMJ)
- Ferry, St. Andrew; 03 Oct. 1954; 2 4; T. H. Farr leg. (NHMJ) « Mona, St. Andrew;
20 Jan. 1947; 2 3; G. B. Thompson leg. (NHMJ).

Remarks. This necrophagous species is considered to be of forensic impor-
tance (Early and Goff 1986). It was collected from a decomposing crab and
decomposing chicken in the present study.

15. Helicobia rapax (Walker, 1849)

Literature records. Johnson (1919, as Sarcophaga helicis); Dodge (1965b);
Lopes (1969); Pape (1996); Mello-Patiu (2016).
Neotropical distribution. Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador,
El Salvador, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico.
Museum material. * Road to Holly Mount, St. Andrew; 24 Sept. 1954; 1 4; R.
P. Bengry leg. (NHMJ) * Mona, St. Andrew; 30 Jan. 1947; 1 4; G. B. Thompson
leg. (NHMJ) + Half Way Tree, St. Andrew; 06 Aug. 1950; 1 3; R. B. Bengry leg.
(NHM4J) « Troy, Trelawny; 25 Sept. 1954; 1 @; T. H. Farr leg. (NHMJ).
Genus Lepidodexia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891

16. Lepidodexia (Harpagopyga) albihirta (Dodge, 1965)

Literature records. Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1969); Pape (1996).
Neotropical distribution. Jamaica.

17. Lepidodexia (Harpagopyga) atrata (Dodge, 1965)

Literature records. Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1969); Pape (1996).
Neotropical distribution. Jamaica.

18. Lepidodexia (Harpagopyga) dissimilis (Dodge, 1965)

Literature records. Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1969); Pape (1996)
Neotropical distribution. Jamaica.

19. Lepidodexia (Harpagopyga) diversipes (Coquillet, 1900)

Neotropical distribution. Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica (New record).

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Latoya Foote-Gordon et al.: Checklist of Sarcophagidae of Jamaica

Museum material. Hardware Gap, Portland; 27 Jul. 1949; 1 2; C. B. Lewis
leg. (NHMJ).

20. Lepidodexia (Harpagopyga) nigribimbo (Dodge, 1965)

Literature records. Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1969); Pape (1996).
Neotropical distribution. Jamaica.

21. Lepidodexia (Harpagopyga) villipes (Dodge, 1965)

Literature records. Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1969); Pape (1996).
Neotropical distribution. Jamaica.

Genus Oxysarcodexia Townsend, 1917

22. Oxysarcodexia bakeri (Lopes, 1945)

Literature records. Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1969); Pape (1996); Mello-Patiu
(2016); Souza et al. (2020).

Neotropical distribution. Bahamas, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Domini-
ca, Ecuador, El Salvador, Galapagos Is, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica,
México, Panama, Puerto Rico, Turks & Caicos Is, Venezuela.

Newly collected material. « Belair, St. Ann; 31 May 2018; 1 3; L. Foote and E.
Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) * Green Grotto, St. Ann; 31 May 2018; 1 2; L. Foote
and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) * Merrywood, St. Elizabeth; 24 May 2021;
1 4; R. Daley leg. (DLSUWI) * Newport, Manchester; 18 Aug. 2023; 1 <4; R. Daley
leg. (DLSUWI) « Red Light, St. Andrew; 20 Mar. 2024; 1 4; L. Foote leg. (DLSUWI)
- Comfort Castle, Portland; 27 Mar. 2024; 1 3; L. Foote leg. (DLSUWI).

Museum material. - Cross Roads, St. Andrew; 05 Sep. 1954; 2 9,1 4; T.
H. Farr leg. (NHMJ) * Rio Cobre, St. Catherine; 28 Feb. 1954; 1 9; T. H. Farr
leg. (NHMJ) * Negril, Westmoreland; 19 Jul. 1954; 1 9; T. H. Farr leg. (NHMJ)
- Molland Bay, St. Thomas; 28 Nov. 1954; 1 @; T. H. Farr leg. (NHMJ) * Swamp,
St. Thomas; 04 Feb. 1955; 1 4; T. H. Farr leg. (NHMJ) » Chovey House, St.
Mary; 12 Sept. 1954; 1 @; T. H. Farr leg. (NHMUJ) + Discovery Bay, St. Ann; 11
Nov. 2012; 1 4; Wisdom leg. (DLSUWI) + Woodford, St. Andrew; 08 Nov. 2013;
1 4; T. Barrett leg. (DLSUWI) * Windsor, Trelawny; 31 Oct. 2015; 2 3; E. Reid
leg. (DLSUWI).

Remarks. Ubiquitous species with a preference for human settlements
(Yepes-Gaurisas et al. 2013). Reports of coprophagous (Flores and Dale 1995)
and necrophagous (Yepes-Gaurisas et al. 2013) habits.

23. Oxysarcodexia chaetopygialis (Williston, 1896)

Literature records. Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1969); Pape (1996); Souza et al.
(2020).
Neotropical distribution. Jamaica, St. Vincent.

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24. Oxysarcodexia corolla Dodge, 1965

Literature records. Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1969); Pape (1996); Souza et al.
(2020).

Neotropical distribution. Jamaica.

Newly collected material. - Hardware Gap, Portland; 29 May 2018; 5 @;_L.
Foote and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) * Bowden Pen, St Thomas; 05 Jun.
2018; 2 4; L. Foote and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) * Red Light, St. Andrew;
26 Feb. 2024; 1 3; L. Foote leg. (DLSUWI).

Remarks. Little is known about the species except its morphology described
by Dodge (1965b). Specimens were collected in a VSR trap baited with decom-
posing chicken in this study.

25. Oxysarcodexia dorisae Dodge, 1965

Literature records. Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1969); Pape (1996); Souza et al. (2020).
Neotropical distribution. Jamaica.

26. Oxysarcodexia peltata (Aldrich, 1916)

Literature records. Johnson (1919); Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1946, 1969); Pape
(1996); Souza et al. (2020).

Neotropical distribution. Bahamas, Cuba, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Jamaica,
Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, San Andres Islands, St. Lucia, St. Vincent.

Newly collected material. * Green Grotto, St. Ann; 31 May 2018; 11 4; _L.
Foote and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) « Belair, St. Ann; 31 May 2018; 7 2;
L. Foote and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) * Windsor, Trelawny; 01 Jun. 2018;
5 4; L. Foote and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) * Bowden Pen, St. Thomas;
05 Jun. 2018; 2 3; L. Foote and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) * Hardware
Gap, Portland; 29 May 2018; 3 3; L. Foote and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI)
- Merrywood, St. Elizabeth; 24 May 2021; 2 4; R. Daley leg. (DLSUWI) * Newport,
Manchester; 18 Aug. 2023; 2 3; R. Daley leg. (DLSUWI) « Red Light, St. Andrew;
20 Feb. 2024; 1 3; L. Foote leg. (DLSUWI) * Comfort Castle, Portland; 27 Mar.
2024; 10 2; L. Foote leg. (DLSUWI).

Museum material. * 4 miles South of Buff Bay, Portland; 14 Mar. 1947; 1 3;
G. B. Thompson leg. (NHMJ) * Quickstep, Trelawny; 10 Mar. 1949; 1 9; C. B.
Lewis leg. (NHMJ) * Hermitage Dam, St. Andrew; 21 Jan. 1947; 1 3; C. B. Lewis
leg. (NHMJ) * Negril, Westmoreland; 19 Jul. 1954; 1 9; T. H. Farr leg; (NHMJ)
* Whitfield Hall, St. Thomas; Dec. 1954; 1 9; G.R. Proctor leg. (NHMJ) « Ferry, St.
Andrew; 03 Oct. 1954; 2 3; T. H. Farr leg. (NHMJ) « Beverly Hills, St. Andrew; 26
Dec. 1954; 1 2; (NHMJ) * Long Mountain, St. Andrew; 19 Sep. 1954; 2 9,1 2;
T. H. Farr leg. (NHMJ) * Rock Hall, St. Andrew; 17 Oct. 1984; 1 3; P. Coward leg.
(DLSUWI) * Hope Gardens, St. Andrew; 09 Nov. 2003; 2 4; V. Thompson leg. (DL-
SUWI) * Spanish Town, St. Catherine; 02 Nov. 2011; 1 3; K. Reid leg. (DLSUWI)
- Mona, St. Andrew; 10 Apr. 2014; 2 4; S. Matthew leg. (DLSUWI) » Discovery
Bay, St. Ann; 14 Sep. 2014; 2 3; J. Dixon leg. (DLSUWI) * Roaring River, St. Ann;
03 Oct. 2014; 1 3; S. McKenzie leg. (DLSUWI).

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Remarks. Known for its role as a pollinator of the White Mangrove, Lagun-
cularia racemosa (Sanchez-Nufiez and Mancera-Pineda 2012). It was collected
from decomposing chicken during the present study. Oxysarcodexia peltata
was the second most frequently collected species during the sampling period,
with a presence confirmed across ten localities.

Genus Peckia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830

27. Peckia (Euboettcheria) buethni Dodge, 1965
Fig. 4

Literature records. Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1969); Pape (1996); Buenaventura
and Pape (2013).

Neotropical distribution. Jamaica.

Newly collected material. Rio Bueno Property, St. Ann; 31 May 2018; 1 3} L.
Foote and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI).

Remarks. This species is only known from Jamaica. Dodge (1965b) first de-
scribed it from Papine, Kingston, approximately 114 km from its collection lo-
cality in this study. Its biology is unknown. However, specimens were collected
in a VSR trap baited with decomposing chicken in the present study.

Figure 4. Peckia (Euboettcheria) buethni. Male terminalia, lateral view; endemic to Jamaica. Scale bar: 1 mm.

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28. Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma (Wiedemann, 1830)

Literature records. Lopes (1941; Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1969); Pape (1996);
Buenaventura and Pape (2013); Mello-Patiu (2016); Dufek (2019); Dufek et al.
(2020); Toma et al. (2020).

Neotropical distribution. American Virgin Is, Argentina, Bahamas, Belize,
Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Ecuador, French Guiana,
Galapagos Is, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua,
Panama, Peru, Surinam, Trinidad & Tobago, Venezuela.

Newly collected material. * Rio Bueno Property, St. Ann; 31 May 2018; 1 3;
L. Foote and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) « Belair, St. Ann; 31 May 2018; 2 2;
L. Foote and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) * Green Grotto, St. Ann; 31 May
2018; 3 3; L. Foote and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) * Windsor, Trelawny; 01
Jun. 2018; 2 3; L. Foote and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) » Bowden Pen, St.
Thomas; 05 Jun. 2018; 5 4; L. Foote and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) * Mona,
St. Andrew; 17 Jun. 2018; 10 3; L. Foote leg. (DLSUWI) * Newport, Manchester;
18 Aug. 2023; 4 3; R. Daley leg. (DLSUWI) * Comfort Castle, Portland; 27 Mar.
2024; 2 4; L. Foote leg. (DLSUWI).

Museum material. * Copa Cabana, St. Thomas ; 24 Jan. 1989; 1 3; N. Knight
leg. (DLSUWI) » Gordon Town, St. Andrew; 15 Jan. 2009; 1 @; J. Wynter leg.
(DLSUWI) * May Pen, Clarendon; 21 Nov. 2010; 1 3; T. Gooden leg. (DLSUWI)
* Guys Hill, St. Catherine; 23 Nov. 2011; 2 3; D. Allen leg. (DLSUWI) * Green
Grotto, St. Ann; 13 Nov. 2010; 1 3; D. Herro leg. (DLSUWI) * Discovery Bay, St.
Ann; 14 Sept. 2014; 1 @; J. Dixon leg. (DLSUWI) * Windsor, Trelawny; 04 Oct.
2014; 1 4; Hanchard leg. (DLSUWI) * Mona, St. Andrew; 23 Sept. 2014; 3 4; R.
Daley leg. (DLSUWI) * Roaring River, St. Ann; 05 Nov. 2016; 1 3; S. McKenzie
leg. (DLSUWI).

Remarks. Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma is one of the most widely distribut-
ed species in the genus Peckia (Buenaventura and Pape 2013). It has been
reported as a coloniser of human corpses in Brazil (Vasconcelos et al. 2014),
and Dodge (1965b) mentions specimens from Jamaica that were “bred from
crocodile”. Specimens have been recorded as collected from stinkhorn fungus
(Phallus sp.; Phallales: Basidiomycota) and flowers of Casearia sp. (Salicace-
ae) (Camargo et al. 2018).

29. Peckia (Sarcodexia) dominicana (Lopes, 1982)
Fig. 5

Neotropical distribution. Dominican Republic, Jamaica (new record).

Newly collected material. * Windsor, Trelawny; 01 Jun. 2018; 1 4; L. Foote
and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) * Hardware Gap, Portland; 29 May 2018;
2 3; L. Foote and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) * Red Light, St. Andrew; 20
Mar. 2024; 1 3; L. Foote leg. (DLSUWI).

Remarks. Previously known only from the Dominican Republic. This study
reports Peckia (Sarcodexia) dominicana as a new record for Jamaica and adds
to its distribution within the Caribbean. Little is known about the biology of
P. dominicana. It was collected in a VSR trap baited with decomposing chicken
in the present study.

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Figure 5. Peckia (Sarcodexia) dominicana. Male terminalia, postero-lateral view; Antillean species, new record from
Jamaica. Scale bar: 1 mm.

30. Peckia (Peckia) hillifera (Aldrich, 1916)

Literature records. Buenaventura and Pape (2013); (Camargo et al. 2018).

Neotropical distribution. Bahamas, Brazil, Cuba, Jamaica, México, Panama,
Puerto Rico, Trinidad & Tobago, Venezuela.

Newly collected material. « Belair, St. Ann; 31 May 2018; 1 3; L. Foote and E.
Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI).

Remarks. Specimens have been reared from a dead crab [Ucides cordata
(Linnaeus)] (Camargo et al. 2018).

31. Peckia (Sarcodexia) lambens (Wiedemann, 1830)

Literature records. Townsend (1892, 1993, both as Sarcodexia sternodontis);
Johnson (1908, 1919, both as Sarcophaga sternodontis); Lopes (1969, as Sar-
codexia sternodontes); Pape (1996); Buenaventura and Pape (2013); Vairo et. al
(2011); Vairo et al. (2014); Mello-Patiu (2016); Dufek (2019); Dufek et al. (2020);
Ramirez-Mora et al. (2022).

Neotropical distribution. Argentina, Bahamas, Bolivia, Brazil, Cayman Is,
Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Galapagos Is, Gua-
deloupe, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, México, Panama, Paraguay, Peru,
Puerto Rico, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad & Tobago, Venezuela.

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Newly collected material. » Green Grotto, St. Ann; 31 May 2018; 3 4; L. Foote
and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) « Belair, St. Ann; 31 May 2018; 2 4; L. Foote
and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) * Red Light, St. Andrew; 26 Feb. 2024; 3 3;
L. Foote leg. (DLSUWI) * Newport, Manchester; 18 Aug. 2023; 2 @; R. Daley leg.
(DLSUWI) * Comfort Castle, Portland; 27 Mar. 2024; 2 3; L. Foote leg. (DLSUWI).

Museum material. * Cambridge District, St. Elizabeth; 23 Nov. 2013; 1 3; Bailey
leg. (DLSUWI) * August Town, St. Andrew; 09 Nov. 2017; 1 3; Dacosta leg. (DLSUWI).

Remarks. Known as a saprophagous and necrophagous species in the
Neotropics (Lopes de Carvalho and Linhares 2001; Vairo et al. 2015). It has
been reported on human corpses and is considered one of the most important
saprophagous species of forensic importance (Vairo et al. 2015). It has been
collected from decomposing fish, bovine spleen and faeces (Barbosa 2019).
Known parasitoid of the yellowtail moth (Hylesia metabus) and the fall army-
worm (Spodoptera frugiperda) (Toma et al. 2018).

32. Peckia (Euboettcheria) nicasia (Lopes, 1941)

Literature records. Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1941, 1969); Pape (1996); Bue-
naventura and Pape (2013).

Neotropical distribution. Jamaica.

Newly collected material. * Windsor, Trelawny; 01 Jun. 2018; 3 4; L. Foote
and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) * Green Grotto, St. Ann; 31 May 2018; 1 3;
L. Foote and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) * Hardware Gap, Portland; 29 May
2018; 2 4; L. Foote and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) * Bowden Pen, St. Thom-
as; 05 Jun. 2018; 1 3; L. Foote and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) * Mona, St.
Andrew; 12 Jun. 2018; 2 3; L. Foote leg. (DLSUWI) « Red Light, St. Andrew; 20
Mar. 2024; 5 3; L. Foote leg. (DLSUWI).

Museum material. * Cinchona Morce's Gap, St. Andrew; 21 Aug. 1949; 1 9;
R. B. Bengry & R. Hart leg. (NHMJ) * Hermitage Reservoir, St. Andrew; 30 May
1954; 1 3; T. H. Farr leg. (NHMJ) * Southwest of Ecclesdown, Portland; 24 Aug.
1954; 1 4; T. H. Farr leg. (NHMJ) * Fern Gully, St. Ann; 11 Jul. 1954; 1 3 T. H. Farr
leg. (NHMJ) * Hermitage Dam, St. Andrew; 31 May 1954; 1 3; R. B. Bengry leg.
(NHMJ) * Long Mountain, St. Andrew; 26 Jun. 1955; 1 3; T. H. Farr leg. (NHMJ)
- Benson Avenue; 12 Sep. 2007; 1 3’; A. Sherman leg. (DLSUWI) » Bowden Pen,
St. Thomas; 04 Nov. 2011; 1 4; T. Stephenson; (DLSUWI) * Roaring River, St. Ann;
03 Oct. 2014; 2 4; Bennett leg. (DLSUWI) * Dolphin Head Mountain, Hanover; 01
Oct. 2014; 1 2; L. Wright leg. (NHMJ).

Remarks. The species was collected in a VSR trap baited with decomposing
chicken during the present study. It has previously been collected from decom-
posing pig carrion (Foote 2014).

Genus Ravinia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863

33. Ravinia effrenata (Walker, 1861)

Literature records. Johnson (1919; as Sarcophaga (Ravinia) quadrisetosa, see
Dodge 1965b); Hall (1928, as Sarcophaga adamsii); Lopes (1969, as Chaetora-
vinia adamsi); Pape (1996); Mello-Patiu (2016); Ramirez-Mora et al. (2022).

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Neotropical distribution. Bahamas, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dom-
inica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Jamaica, México, Panama,
Peru, St. Vincent.

Newly collected material. * Rio Bueno Property, St. Ann; 31 May 2018; 6 3;
L. Foote and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) « Belair, St. Ann; 31 May 2018; 2 2;
L. Foote and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) * Newport, Manchester; 18 Aug.
2023; 2 4; R. Daley leg. (DLSUWI).

Museum material. * Amity Hall, St. Catherine; 23 Mar. 1947; 1 4; C. B. Thomp-
son leg. (NHMJ) * West of Jacob’s Hut, Clarendon; 28 Sept. 1954; 1 2; T. H. Farr
leg. (NHMJ).

Remarks. Species collected from decomposing fish (sardines), human fae-
ces (Barbosa 2019) and fruit (Valverde-Castro et al. 2017).

Genus Sarcodexiopsis Townsend, 1917

34. Sarcodexiopsis welchi (Hall, 1930)
Fig. 6

Literature records. Pape (1996).

Neotropical distribution. Bahamas, British Virgin Is, Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto
Rico.

Newly collected material. * Belair, St. Ann; 31 May 2018; 1 3; L. Foote and E.
Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI).

Figure 6. Sarcodexiopsis welchi. Male terminalia, lateral view; Antillean species. Scale bar: 1 mm.

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Genus Sarcofahrtiopsis Hall, 1933

35. Sarcofahrtiopsis diembroma Dodge, 1965

Literature records. Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1969); Pape (1996).

Neotropical distribution. Jamaica.

Remarks. This species is still known only from the original type series con-
sisting of two females. The holotype from Second Breakfast Spring, St. Andrew
(deposited in Washington State University), and a female paratype from Her-
mitage, St. Andrew, stated to be in the “Science Museum, Institute of Jamaica”
(now Natural History Museum of Jamaica) but were not located.

36. Sarcofahrtiopsis farri Dodge, 1965

Literature records. Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1969); Pape (1996); Pape and Mén-
dez (2004).

Neotropical distribution. Costa Rica, Jamaica.

Newly collected material. - Green Grotto, St. Ann; 31 May 2018; 3 4; L. Foote
and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) « Belair, St. Ann; 31 May 2018; 3 2; L. Foote
and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI) * Rio Bueno Property, St. Ann; 31 May 2018;
2 3; L. Foote and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI).

Museum material. + Ferry, St. Andrew; 03 Oct. 1954; 1 @; T. H. Farr leg.
(NHMJ) * Rio Cobre, St. Catherine; 05 Jun. 1952; 1 4; R. P. Bengry leg.
(NHM4J) * Colonel Ridge, Clarendon; 18 Nov. 1946; 1 4; G. B. Thompson leg.
(NHM4J).

37. Sarcofahrtiopsis jamaicensis Dodge, 1965

Literature records. Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1969); Pape (1996).

Neotropical distribution. Jamaica.

Museum material. * Hermitage Dam, St. Andrew; 03 May 1954; 1 @; R. P.
Bengry leg. (NHMJ).

38. Sarcofahrtiopsis paterna Dodge, 1965

Literature records. Dodge (1965b); Pape and Méndez (2004).

Neotropical distribution. Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico.

Remarks. The presence of this species in Jamaica is based on one male
paratype with no further data (Dodge 1965b).
Genus Sarcophaga Meigen, 1826

39. Sarcophaga (Liopygia) ruficornis (Fabricius, 1794)

Literature records. Pape (2024).
Neotropical distribution. Brazil, Colombia, Jamaica, Panama, Venezuela.

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Newly collected material. * Mona, St. Andrew; 07 Sep. 2018; 1 3; L. Foote
leg. (DLSUWI).

Remarks. This is the first record from Jamaica documented with explicit ref-
erence to a collected specimen. Considered to be synanthropic and of forensic
relevance (Barbosa 2019). Larvae were found to cause myiasis in toads (Bufo
melanostictus Schneider) (Roy and Dasgupta 1977). It has been collected from
decomposing bovine spleen and fish (Barbosa 2019) as well as from human
cadavers (Kavitha et al. 2013). The optimum temperature for the development
of S. ruficornis larvae is 20-35 °C (Nassu et al. 2014).

Genus Tapacura Tibana & Lopes, 1985

40. Tapacura mariarum Tibana & Lopes, 1985
Fig. 7

Neotropical distribution. Brazil, Jamaica (new record).
Newly collected material. Green Grotto, St. Ann; 31 May 2018; 4 2; L. Foote
and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI).

Be /
re a / 4

4

Figure 7. Tapacura mariarum. Male terminalia, lateral view; new record from Jamaica. Scale bar: 1 mm.

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Remarks. New record of this genus and species from Jamaica. The genus
Tapacura presently contains two species, Tapacura mariarum recorded in the
Neotropics (Brazil) and Tapacura mexicana Lopes, 1988 known only from the
Nearctic (México) (Mello-Patiu and de Souza Neto 2007). There is no informa-
tion on the biology of the species. It was collected from a VSR trap baited with
decomposing chicken in the present study.

Genus Titanogrypa Townsend, 1860

41. Titanogrypa (Airypel) cryptopyga Lopes, 1956

Literature records. Dodge (1965b, as Airypel molluscoperda); Lopes (1969);
Pape (1996); Dufek (2019); Dufek et al. (2020).

Neotropical distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Cuba, Guyana, Jamaica,
Trinidad & Tobago.

Museum material. : Ferry, St. Andrew; 03 Oct. 1954; 1 3; T. H. Farr leg. (NHM4J).

Remarks. Probably a scavenger. Dodge (1965b) gave label data from the ho-
lotype and a paratype: “Emerged Nov. 8, 1902, in Pittsburgh, Pa. Pupae received
with shells received from near Mandeville, Jamaica’.

42. Titanogrypa (Sarconeiva) fimbriata (Aldrich, 1916)

Literature records. Johnson (1919); Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1969); Pape (1996);
Vairo et. al (2011); Dufek (2019); Dufek et al. (2020).

Neotropical distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Dominica, Dominican Republic,
Jamaica, México, Panama, Peru, Venezuela.

Newly collected material. * Bowden Pen, St. Thomas; 05 Jun. 2018; 4 3; L.
Foote and E. Buenaventura leg. (DLSUWI).

Museum material. * Mona, St. Andrew; 07 May 1989; 1 4; J. Lawrence leg.
(DLSUWI) * Mona, St. Andrew; 17 Nov. 2009; 1 @; T. Henry leg. (DLSUWI).

Remarks. Considered to be of forensic relevance (Barbosa 2019). It has been
recorded from decomposition studies in Brazil (Mello-Patiu et al. 2014), on gas-
tropods/molluscs (Barker 2004), and decomposing sardines (Barbosa 2019).

Genus Tricharaea (Sarcophagula) Wulp, 1887

43. Tricharaea canuta (Wulp, 1896)

Literature records. Dodge (1965b); Lopes (1969); Pape (1996); Mello-Patiu
(2016); Ramirez-Mora et al. (2022).

Neotropical distribution. Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica,
Ecuador, El Salvador, Galapagos Is, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, México,
Paraguay, Peru.

Newly collected material. * Mona, St. Andrew; 07 Sep. 2018; 1 3; L. Foote
leg. (DLSUWI).

Remarks. Synanthropic species of forensic relevance (Barbosa 2019). It has
been collected from human faeces and decomposing bovine spleen (Barbosa
2019).

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44. Tricharaea (Sarothromyia) femoralis (Schiner, 1868)

Literature records. Johnson (1908, 1919).

Neotropical distribution. Bahamas, Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica,
French Guiana, Honduras, Panama, Puerto Rico, Surinam, Trinidad & Tobago,
Turks & Caicos Is., Venezuela.

Museum material. * Holland Bay, St. Thomas; 16 Mar. 1989; 8 9; T. H. Farr leg.
(NHMJ) * Holland Bay, St. Thomas; 16 Nov. 1988; 5 9; R. A. Boothe leg. (NHMJ).

45. Tricharaea (Sarcophagula) occidua (Fabricius, 1794)

Literature records. Johnson (1908, as Sarcophagula imbecilla; 1919); Dodge
(1965b); Dufek et al. (2020).

Neotropical distribution. American Virgin Is., Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile,
Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Galapagos Is, Guatemala, Guy-
ana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico,
St. Vincent Is., Venezuela.

Museum material. * Swamp, St. Thomas; 03 Nov. 1955; 1 9; T. H. Farr leg.
(NHMJ) * Half Way Tree, St. Andrew; 06 Aug. 1950; 2 9; R. B. Bengry leg. (NHMJ)
- Windsor Hotel, St. Ann; 20 Sep. 1959; 1 9; T. H. Farr leg. (NHMJ) « Ferry, St.
Andrew; 03 Oct. 1954; 1 9; T. H. Farr leg. (NHMJ).

Remarks. Only females were studied in the present study, and their separa-
tion from T. canuta (Wulp, 1896) remains tentative.

Discussion

The updated checklist for Jamaica includes 45 species, four of which are new
records. The number of genera in Jamaica has increased to 21 with the addi-
tion of the genera Bahamiola and Tapacura.

With the addition of Peckia (Sarcodexia) dominicana to the checklist, Peck-
ia becomes the most speciose flesh fly genus in Jamaica with a total of six
species: P buethni, P chrysostoma, P. dominicana, P hillifera, P lambens, and P
nicasia. Some species of Peckia were quite rare. Only one individual of P bueth-
ni was collected in this study. Previous record of P buethni was one male in
Papine, St. Andrew (southern Jamaica), collected by W. BUthn (BMNH). Similar-
ly, only one individual of P hillifera was collected in this study. Previous record
of P._ hillifera was one male in Milk River bath, St. Thomas (southern Jamaica),
collected by Wirth and Farr (ZMUC). This pattern suggests that P buethni and P
hillifera are rare in Jamaica, despite their relatively wide distribution.

Lepidodexia subgenus Harpagopyga Aldrich contains 15 nominal species,
14 of which occur in the Neotropical region (Pape 1996). Dodge (1965b) docu-
mented five species of Lepidodexia from Jamaica, all of which are endemic to
the island. An additional species, L. diversipes, is here added to the records of
Lepidodexia from Jamaica, increasing the total species number to six. Of note,
no specimens collected during the present study, suggesting low abundance, a
very narrow distribution, or sparse collecting for flesh flies in Jamaica.

Oxysarcodexia consists of 91 described species worldwide and is consid-
ered one of the most species-rich genera in the Neotropics (Souza et al. 2020).

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Latoya Foote-Gordon et al.: Checklist of Sarcophagidae of Jamaica

Jamaica has five species of Oxysarcodexia, making it one of the most speciose
genera on the island after Peckia and Lepidodexia. There are two endemic spe-
cies of Oxysarcodexia recorded for Jamaica: O. corolla and O. dorisae. Only the
female of O. dorisae is known, while both the male and the female of O. corolla
are known. Oxysarcodexia corolla was found in a wet limestone forest, wet for-
est, and a rural area in St. Andrew, which might indicate a preference for envi-
ronments with low anthropogenic impact. All other known species of Oxysarco-
dexia in Jamaica are widely distributed.

Bahamiola orbitalis was previously known only from the Bahamas (Grand Ba-
hama Is.; Dodge 1965a). With 94 individuals across five locations, the species
is common and widely distributed (Table 4).

Tapacura mariarum was previously known only from Brazil (Tibana and
Lopes 1985), and the present record represents a significant range extension.
Four individuals were collected at the Green Grotto, St. Ann. This species is
likely to have a restricted geographical range in Jamaica, and its occurrence at
a single locality may suggest a limited distribution in the island.

MacArthur and Wilson (1967) demonstrated that the number of species on
an island is correlated with its size and proximity to the mainland. The Caribbe-
an islands share several species due to their proximity and shared geological
histories. According to Crews and Esposito (2020) islands are sources of diver-
sity with dispersal from a large island source to smaller islands. Notably, Cuba,
the largest island of the Greater Antilles (Fig. 8, Table 4), has the largest num-
ber of known species of Sarcophagidae. There are 15 species shared between
Jamaica and Cuba, which may be attributed mainly to their close proximity, as
Jamaica is approximately 145 km from the southeastern coast of Cuba. Winds
may further facilitate species dispersal between these islands (Kirk-Spriggs
and Muller 2017).

Table 4. Total number of endemics and percentage endemism of Sarcophagidae known from islands of the Greater Antilles.

Island Number of endemics Percentage of endemics (%) Number of species Size of island (km?)
Jamaica 15 33 45 10,992
Cuba 14 25 595 109,884
Hispaniola 3 14 19 76,192
Puerto Rico 4 13 30 8,870

Hispaniola is situated 190 km east of Jamaica. A total of 19 species of Sar-
cophagidae have been identified on the island, and of these, eight species are
shared with Jamaica. It is noteworthy that Hispaniola is approximately seven
times larger than Jamaica (Table 4), suggesting that Hispaniola may be un-
der-sampled or inadequately studied. Another factor suggesting low sampling
efforts on the island of Hispaniola is the low number of species shared be-
tween the two countries of the island. Eight species are recorded from the Hai-
tian part and 13 from the Dominican Republic. Only two species are found in
both countries, indicating inadequate sampling.

Puerto Rico, the smallest island in the Greater Antilles (Table 4), is the fur-
thest from Jamaica, located at a distance of 923 km. Despite this distance,
Puerto Rico and Jamaica share 12 species, which may reflect extensive sam-
pling efforts in Puerto Rico.

ZooKeys 1221: 175-203 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1221.135698 196

Latoya Foote-Gordon et al.: Checklist of Sarcophagidae of Jamaica

Several species previously thought to be endemic to other islands have been
found in Jamaica. It is unclear whether these species were recently introduced
to Jamaica or if their endemism to other islands was mistakenly identified. A
genetic analysis of these populations is needed to resolve these uncertainties.

Compared to other islands in the Greater Antilles, Jamaica is notable for
its high endemism of Sarcophagidae. With an area of 10,992 km?, Jamaica
is the third largest island in the Greater Antilles (Fig. 8). The island’s diverse
geography, which includes complex topography such as extensive karst
limestone regions, mountains and plains, along with a range of biomes from
xerophytic conditions receiving less than 60 cm of annual precipitation to
wet forests receiving more than 700 cm, has fostered numerous centres of
speciation (Aitken-Soux et al. 1981), contributing to its high endemism. Spe-
cific regions, such as the Cockpit Country, are known to be local centres of
endemism due to their distinctive geomorphology, characterized by isolated
conical hills and depressions (Sweeting 1958), which limit species dispersal
and create distinct microhabitats.

v= ») N
FLORIDA a

S ‘ ws isa tg
, 4 5
* JAMAICA : LESSER
‘ HAITI DOMINICAN PUERTO : °
PSN newegg, REPUBLIC RICO 5 D POTIELES
ac et eee : ra)
GREATERANTILLES attra )
Q
)
0 &

CENTRAL AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA

0 100 200 300 kilometers
yee

Figure 8. Map of the Caribbean region, highlighting the Greater Antilles.

Acknowledgements

Latoya Foote-Gordon acknowledges the support of the National History Muse-
um of Jamaica, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, USA, and the
Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, for
this project. We are grateful to Taneisha Barrett at the University of Hong Kong
for the photographs. The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their
insightful comments and suggestions, which greatly improved the quality of
this manuscript. We also express our sincere gratitude to the editors for their
guidance and support throughout the review process.

ZooKeys 1221: 175-203 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1221.135698 197

Latoya Foote-Gordon et al.: Checklist of Sarcophagidae of Jamaica

Additional information

Conflict of interest

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Ethical statement

No ethical statement was reported.

Funding

National History Museum of Jamaica, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History,
USA, and the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Author contributions

Conceptualization: LFG. Data curation: LFG, EB. Formal analysis: LFG. Funding acquisi-
tion: LFG. Investigation: EB, LFG. Methodology: LFG. Resources: EG, LFG. Supervision:
EG, TP. Validation: EB, TP. Writing - original draft: LFG. Writing - review and editing: LFG,
EB, PEG.

Author ORCIDs

Latoya Foote-Gordon © https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6713-0550
Eric Garraway © https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5586-1649
Thomas Pape ® https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6609-0609
Eliana Buenaventura © https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5265-815X

Data availability

All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text.

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