Biodiversity Data Journal 6: e24439 oO)
doi: 10.3897/BDJ.6.e24439 open access
Single Taxon Treatment

New record of the pentatomine stink bug species

Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin (Hemiptera:
Pentatomidae) from Japan

Haruka Tachit, Tadashi Ishikawat

+ Laboratory of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa, Japan

Corresponding author: Tadashi Ishikawa (chuishikawa@gmail.com)
Academic editor: Laurence Livermore
Received: 13 Feb 2018 | Accepted: 18 Apr 2018 | Published: 24 Apr 2018

Citation: Tachi H, Ishikawa T (2018) New record of the pentatomine stink bug species Caystrus orientalis Zhang
and Lin (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) from Japan. Biodiversity Data Journal 6: e24439.
httos://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.6.e24439

Abstract
Background

To date, the stink bug species Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985, was known to
occur only in China.

New information

A species known as “Caystrus sp.” and “Neodinus sp.” in Japan has been identified as C.
orientalis, which has been recorded from Japan for the first time.

Keywords

Caystrini, Caystrus orientalis, Heteroptera, Japan, Kyushu, Pentatomidae, Pentatomini,
Ryukyu Islands

© Tachi H, Ishikawa T. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC
BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are
credited.

2 Tachi H, Ishikawa T

Introduction

The stink bug species Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985, belonging to the
pentatomine tribe Caystrini, was described based on one female in Fujian Province, China
(Zhang and Lin 1985). Subsequently, Lin and Zhang (1993) and Lin et al. (1999) recorded
it from Jiangxi and Yunnan Provinces, China. To date, the species has been known to
occur in south-western and south-eastern China.

In Japan, two species of the genus Caystrus Stal, C. depressus (Ellenrieder, 1862) and C.
obscurus (Distant, 1901), have been recorded by Takara (1957) and Ishikawa et al. (2012),
respectively. However, the existence of an additional species of this genus or an allied
genus has been suggested under indeterminate conditions, such as Caystrus sp. (Nozaki
et al. 2016) and Neodius sp. (Nagasaki Prefecture 2001); Neodius Bergroth is currently
regarded as a synonym of Caystrus (Rider 2006). Our recent closer examination of the
undetermined species unequivocally verified its identity as C. orientalis.

The present paper reports Caystrus orientalis as the third representative of Caystrus in
Japan, providing diagnostic morphological characters with photographic images to aid in
accurate identification; the habit and habitat preference are also briefly discussed.

Materials and methods

Dried specimens were used. Morphological observations, including those of genital
structures, were made under Olympus SZ60 and SZX16 binocular microscopes. Digital
images of the specimens were captured using a Nikon D200 digital camera body and
Nikon AF Micro-Nikkor 60 mm f/2.8D lens and using a KEYENCE digital microscope
system (VHX-1000 digital microscope, VHX-S50 observation system, VHX-1100 multi-scan
camera and VH-Z20R zoom lens). The terminology used herein generally follows that of
Tsai et al. (2011). The specimens examined in this study are preserved in the Laboratory of
Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan, except for three
specimens collected from Nagasaki Prefecture, which will be housed in Nagasaki North
High School, Science Club, Nagasaki City, Japan.

Taxon treatment

Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985

Nomenclature

Caystrus orientalis: Zhang and Lin 1985: 21, new species, description and figures; Lin
and Zhang 1993: 125, record, description and figure; Lin et al. 1999: 70, record,
description and figure; Rider 2006: 292, catalogue; Aukema et al. 2013: 456, catalogue.

New record of the pentatomine stink bug species Caystrus orientalis Zhang ... 3

Neodius sp.: Nagasaki Prefecture 2001: 428, distribution and biology.

Caystrus sp.: Nozaki et al. 2016: 93, list, description, distribution and biology.

Materials

a.

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; isiandGroup: Amakusa Islands; island: Shimo-shima Island; country:
Japan; stateProvince: Kumamoto; municipality: Amakusa City; locality: Oniki-machi, Oniki;
decimalLatitude: 32.233; decimalLongitude: 130.015; geodeticDatum: WGS84;
samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2015-10-17; individualCount: 1; sex: male;
lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00018; recordedBy: Tatsuya Nozaki; identifiedBy:
Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; dateldentified: 2017; institutionCode: ELTUA;
collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; couniry: Japan; stateProvince: Nagasaki; municipality: Nagasaki City;
locality: Mieda; decimalLatitude: 32.82; decimalLongitude: 129.73; geodeticDatum:
WGS84; samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2016-09-16; individualCount: 1;
sex: male; lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00019; recordedBy: Tatsuya Nozaki;
identifiedBy: Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; dateldentified: 2017; institutionCode:
ELTUA; collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; isiandGroup: Amakusa Islands; island: Shimo-shima Island; country:
Japan; stateProvince: Kumamoto; municipality: Amakusa City; locality: Oniki-machi, Oniki;
decimalLatitude: 32.233; decimalLongitude: 130.015; geodeticDatum: WGS84;
samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2015-05-10; individualCount: 1; sex: male;
lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00020; recordedBy: Tatsuya Nozaki; identifiedBy:
Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; dateldentified: 2017; institutionCode: ELTUA;
collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; isiandGroup: Amakusa Islands; island: Shimo-shima Island; country:
Japan; siateProvince: Kumamoto; municipality: Amakusa City; locality: Oniki-machi, Oniki;
decimalLatitude: 32.233; decimalLongitude: 130.015; geodeticDatum: WGS84;
samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2015-10-17; individualCount: 1; sex: male;
lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00021; recordedBy: Tatsuya Nozaki; identifiedBy:
Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; dateldentified: 2017; institutionCode: ELTUA;
collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; is!andGroup: Amakusa Islands; island: Shimo-shima Island; country:
Japan; stateProvince: Kumamoto; municipality: Amakusa City; locality: Oniki-machi, Oniki;

Tachi H, Ishikawa T

decimalLatitude: 32.233; decimalLongitude: 130.015; geodeticDatum: WGS84;
samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2015-10-17; individualCount: 1; sex: male;
lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00022; recordedBy: Tatsuya Nozaki; identifiedBy:
Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; dateldentified: 2017; institutionCode: ELTUA;
collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; islandGroup: Ryukyu Islands; island: Ishigaki-jima Island; country: Japan;
stateProvince: Okinawa; municipality: Ishigaki City; locality: near Maezato Dam;
decimalLatitude: 24.42; decimalLongitude: 124.198; geodeticDatum: WGS84;
samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2004-05-05; individualCount: 1; sex: male;
lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00023; recordedBy: Tadashi Ishikawa; identifiedBy:
Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; dateldentified: 2017; institutionCode: ELTUA;
collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; isiandGroup: Amakusa Islands; island: Shimo-shima Island; country:
Japan; stateProvince: Kumamoto; municipality: Amakusa City; locality: Oniki-machi, Oniki;
decimalLatitude: 32.233; decimalLongitude: 130.015; geodeticDatum: WGS84;
samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2015-10-17; individualCount: 1; sex:
female; lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00024; recordedBy: Tatsuya Nozaki;
identifiedBy: Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; date!ldentified: 2017; institutionCode:
ELTUA; collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; is!andGroup: Amakusa Islands; island: Shimo-shima Island; country:
Japan; stateProvince: Kumamoto; municipality: Amakusa City; locality: Oniki-machi, Oniki;
decimalLatitude: 32.233; decimalLongitude: 130.015; geodeticDatum: WGS84;
samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2015-05-10; individualCount: 1; sex:
female; lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00025; recordedBy: Tatsuya Nozaki;
identifiedBy: Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; dateldentified: 2017; institutionCode:
ELTUA; collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; is!andGroup: Amakusa Islands; island: Shimo-shima Island; country:
Japan; stateProvince: Kumamoto; municipality: Amakusa City; locality: Oniki-machi, Oniki;
decimalLatitude: 32.247; decimalLongitude: 129.987; geodeticDatum: WGS84;
samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2015-05-18; individualCount: 1; sex:
female; lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00026; recordedBy: Tatsuya Nozaki;
identifiedBy: Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; date!dentified: 2017; institutionCode:
ELTUA; collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; couniry: Japan; stateProvince: Nagasaki; municipality: Nagasaki City;
locality: Mieda; decimalLatitude: 32.82; decimalLongitude: 129.73; geodeticDatum:

New record of the pentatomine stink bug species Caystrus orientalis Zhang ... 5

WGS84; samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2016-09-16; individualCount: 1;
sex: female; lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00027; recordedBy: Tatsuya Nozaki;
identifiedBy: Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; dateldentified: 2017; institutionCode:
ELTUA; collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; country: Japan; stateProvince: Nagasaki; municipality: Nagasaki City;
locality: Mieda; decimalLatitude: 32.82; decimalLongitude: 129.73; geodeticDatum:
WGS84; samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2016-03-21; individualCount: 1;
sex: female; lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00028; recordedBy: Tatsuya Nozaki;
identifiedBy: Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; date!dentified: 2017; institutionCode:
ELTUA; collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; couniry: Japan; stateProvince: Nagasaki; municipality: Nagasaki City;
locality: Mieda; decimalLatitude: 32.82; decimalLongitude: 129.73; geodeticDatum:
WGS84; samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2016-09-16; individualCount: 1;
sex: female; lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00029; recordedBy: Tatsuya Nozaki;
identifiedBy: Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; dateldentified: 2017; institutionCode:
ELTUA; collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; isitandGroup: Amakusa Islands; island: Shimo-shima Island; country:
Japan; stateProvince: Kumamoto; municipality: Amakusa City; locality: Oniki-machi, Oniki;
decimalLatitude: 32.233; decimalLongitude: 130.015; geodeticDatum: WGS84;
samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2015-10-17; individualCount: 1; sex:
female; lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00030; recordedBy: Tatsuya Nozaki;
identifiedBy: Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; dateldentified: 2017; institutionCode:
ELTUA; collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; is!andGroup: Amakusa Islands; island: Shimo-shima Island; country:
Japan; stateProvince: Kumamoto; municipality: Amakusa City; locality: Oniki-machi, Oniki;
decimalLatitude: 32.233; decimalLongitude: 130.015; geodeticDatum: WGS84;
samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2015-10-17; individualCount: 1; sex:
female; lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00031; recordedBy: Tatsuya Nozaki;
identifiedBy: Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; dateldentified: 2017; institutionCode:
ELTUA; collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; islandGroup: Ryukyu Islands; island: Ishigaki-jima Island; country: Japan;
stateProvince: Okinawa; municipality: Ishigaki City; locality: near Maezato Dam;
decimalLatitude: 24.42; decimalLongitude: 124.198; geodeticDatum: WGS84;
samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2004-05-05; individualCount: 1; sex:
female; lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00032; recordedBy: Tadashi Ishikawa;

Tachi H, Ishikawa T

identifiedBy: Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; dateldentified: 2017; institutionCode:
ELTUA; collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; is!andGroup: Amakusa Islands; island: Shimo-shima Island; country:
Japan; stateProvince: Kumamoto; municipality: Amakusa City; locality: Oniki-machi, Oniki;
decimalLatitude: 32.233; decimalLongitude: 130.015; geodeticDatum: WGS84;
samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2015-10-17; individualCount: 1; sex:
female; lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00033; recordedBy: Tatsuya Nozaki;
identifiedBy: Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; dateldentified: 2017; institutionCode:
ELTUA; collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; islandGroup: Ryukyu Islands; island: Iriomote-jim Island; country: Japan;
stateProvince: Okinawa; municipality: Taketomi Town; locality: Otomi-rindo;
decimalLatitude: 24.298; decimalLongitude: 123.863; geodeticDatum: WGS84;
samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2006-09-11; individualCount: 1; sex:
female; lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00034; recordedBy: Kyohei Watanabe;
identifiedBy: Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; dateldentified: 2017; institutionCode:
ELTUA; collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; islandGroup: Ryukyu Islands; is!and: Okinawa-honto Island; country:
Japan; stateProvince: Okinawa; municipality: Kunigami Village; locality: Ada, Fungawa
Dam; decimalLatitude: 26.742; decimalLongitude: 128.279; geodeticDatum: WGS84;
samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2011-05-25; individualCount: 1; sex:
female; lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00035; recordedBy: Reo Ito; identifiedBy:
Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; dateldentified: 2017; institutionCode: ELTUA;
collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; islandGroup: Ryukyu Islands; island: Yonaguni-jima Island; country:
Japan; stateProvince: Okinawa; municipality: Yonaguni Town; locality: Mt. Kubura-dake;
decimalLatitude: 24.454; decimalLongitude: 122.954; geodeticDatum: WGS84;
samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2017-05-26; individualCount: 1; sex:
female; lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00036; recordedBy: Haruka Tachi;
identifiedBy: Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; dateldentified: 2017; institutionCode:
ELTUA; collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; islandGroup: Ryukyu Islands; island: Ishigaki-jima Island; country: Japan;
stateProvince: Okinawa; municipality: Ishigaki City; locality: near Maezato Dam;
decimalLatitude: 24.42; decimalLongitude: 124.198; geodeticDatum: WGS84;
samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2004-05-05; individualCount: 1; sex: male;
lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00037; recordedBy: Tadashi Ishikawa; identifiedBy:

New record of the pentatomine stink bug species Caystrus orientalis Zhang ... t

Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; dateldentified: 2017; institutionCode: ELTUA;
collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; islandGroup: Ryukyu Islands; island: Ishigaki-jima Island; country: Japan;
stateProvince: Okinawa; municipality: Ishigaki City; locality: near Maezato Dam;
decimalLatitude: 24.42; decimalLongitude: 124.198; geodeticDatum: WGS84;
samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2004-05-16; individualCount: 1; sex: male;
lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00038; recordedBy: Tadashi Ishikawa; identifiedBy:
Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; dateldentified: 2017; institutionCode: ELTUA;
collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; islandGroup: Ryukyu Islands; island: Okinawa-honto Island; country:
Japan; stateProvince: Okinawa; municipality: Kunigami Village; locality: Ada, Fungawa
Dam; decimalLatitude: 26.742; decimalLongitude: 128.279; geodeticDatum: WGS84;
samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2011-05-25; individualCount: 1; sex:
female; lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00039; recordedBy: Reo Ito; identifiedBy:
Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; dateldentified: 2017; institutionCode: ELTUA;
collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; islandGroup: Ryukyu Islands; island: Ishigaki-jima Island; country: Japan;
stateProvince: Okinawa; municipality: Ishigaki City; locality: near Maezato Dam;
decimalLatitude: 24.42; decimalLongitude: 124.198; geodeticDatum: WGS84;
samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2004-05-16; individualCount: 1; sex: male;
lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00040; recordedBy: Tadashi Ishikawa; identifiedBy:
Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; dateldentified: 2017; institutionCode: ELTUA;
collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; islandGroup: Ryukyu Islands; island: Iriomote-jim Island; country: Japan;
stateProvince: Okinawa; municipality: Taketomi Town; locality: Haeminaka;
decimalLatitude: 24.292; decimalLongitude: 123.871; geodeticDatum: WGS84;
samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2014-05-28; individualCount: 1; sex:
female; lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00041; recordedBy: Go Mashima;
identifiedBy: Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; date!ldentified: 2017; institutionCode:
ELTUA; collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; islandGroup: Ryukyu Islands; island: Okinawa-honto Island; country:
Japan; stateProvince: Okinawa; municipality: Ogimi Village; locality: Tsuha;
decimalLatitude: 26.648; decimalLongitude: 128.092; geodeticDatum: WGS84;
samplingProtocol: light trap; eventDate: 2007-05-23; individualCount: 1; sex: female;
lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00042; recordedBy: Teruaki Ban; identifiedBy:

aa.

ab.

ac.

ad.

Tachi H, Ishikawa T

Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; dateldentified: 2017; institutionCode: ELTUA;
collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; islandGroup: Ryukyu Islands; island: Ishigaki-jima Island; country: Japan;
stateProvince: Okinawa; municipality: Ishigaki City; locality: Sokobaru; decimalLatitude:
24.428; decimalLongitude: 124.212; geodeticDatum: WGS84; samplingProtocol: light
trap; eventDate: 2000-05-24; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult;
catalogNumber: 2017-00043; recordedBy: Tadashi Ishikawa; identifiedBy: Haruka Tachi
and Tadashi Ishikawa; dateldentified: 2017; institutionCode: ELTUA; collectionCode: IC;
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; couniry: Japan; stateProvince: Nagasaki; municipality: Nagasaki City;
locality: Mieda; decimalLatitude: 32.82; decimalLongitude: 129.73; geodeticDatum:
WGS84; samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2016-05-10; individualCount: 1;
sex: male; lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00044; recordedBy: Kiyoshi Tanaka;
identifiedBy: Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; dateldentified: 2017; institutionCode:
ELTUA; collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; country: Japan; stateProvince: Nagasaki; municipality: Nagasaki City;
locality: Mieda; decimalLatitude: 32.82; decimalLongitude: 129.73; geodeticDatum:
WGS84; samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2015-06-05; individualCount: 1;
sex: female; lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00045; recordedBy: Kiyoshi Tanaka;
identifiedBy: Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; date!dentified: 2017; institutionCode:
ELTUA; collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; country: Japan; stateProvince: Nagasaki; municipality: Nagasaki City;
locality: Mieda; decimalLatitude: 32.82; decimalLongitude: 129.73; geodeticDatum:
WGS84; samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2015-06-05; individualCount: 1;
sex: male; lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00046; recordedBy: Kiyoshi Tanaka;
identifiedBy: Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; date!dentified: 2017; institutionCode:
ELTUA; collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

scientificName: Caystrus orientalis Zhang and Lin, 1985; namePublishedin: 1985;
kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family:
Pentatomidae; genus: Caystrus; specificEpithet: orientalis; scientificNameAuthorship:
Zhang and Lin; country: Japan; stateProvince: Nagasaki; municipality: Nagasaki City;
locality: Mieda; decimalLatitude: 32.82; decimalLongitude: 129.73; geodeticDatum:
WGS84; samplingProtocol: none specified; eventDate: 2017-12-29; individualCount: 1;
sex: male; lifeStage: adult; catalogNumber: 2017-00047; recordedBy: Tomohide
Yasunaga; identifiedBy: Haruka Tachi and Tadashi Ishikawa; daieldentified: 2017;
institutionCode: ELTUA; collectionCode: IC; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

New record of the pentatomine stink bug species Caystrus orientalis Zhang ... FS)

Diagnosis

Caystrus orientalis can be distinguished by a combination of the following characters:
body 11.9-14.1 mm long (average 13.5 mm); body generally dark brown to blackish
(Fig. 1); each mandibular plate not contiguous to another in front of clypeus (Fig. 1a, c);
antennae brown to dark brown, with basal half of segment V pale (Fig. 1); mesal
longitudinal stripe on pronotum and scutellum entirely unclear, often interrupted with
blackish punctures (Fig. 1a, c); legs generally dark yellow to dark brown (Fig. 1b, d);
venter of abdomen blackish, with connexivum yellowish to dark yellow, excluding
blackish punctures (Fig. 1b, d); ventral rim of genital capsule (pygophore) medially
notched in M-shape (Fig. 2a, b); M-shaped notch one-fifth as wide as genital capsule
(Fig. 2b); apex of paramere triangular in caudal view, with dorsal lobe tapering and
acute at apex and ventral lobe rounded at apex (Fig. 2c, d); apical receptacle of
spermatheca provided with 2 processes, one directed upward or laterad, other directed
downward (Fig. 2e).

Figure 1.

Habitus of Caystrus orientalis from Japan. Scale bar 5.0 mm.

a: male, dorsal view. EES
b: male, ventral view. EES]
c: female, dorsal view. EES]
d: female, ventral view. EY]

10

Tachi H, Ishikawa T

Figure 2.

Genitalia of Caystrus orientalis from Japan.

a: genital capsule (with parameres and abdominal segment X), dorsal view. Scale bar 1.0

mm. EG

b: genital capsule (with parameres and abdominal segment X), ventral view. Scale bar 1.0

mm. EG

c: genital capsule (with parameres and abdominal segment X), caudal view. Scale bar 1.0

mm. EG

d: left paramere, caudal view. Scale bar 0.2 mm. EE
e: spermatheca. Scale bar 0.2 mm. EES]

New record of the pentatomine stink bug species Caystrus orientalis Zhang ... 11

Distribution

Japan: Kyushu (Nagasaki Prefecture, Kumamoto Prefecture), the Ryukyu Islands
(Okinawa Island, Ishigaki Island, Iriomote Island, Yonaguni Island); China (Fujian
Province, Jiangxi Province, Yunnan Province).

Discussion

As mentioned above, two species of the genus Caystrus, C. depressus (Ellenrieder, 1862)
and C. obscurus (Distant, 1901), were previously reported in Japan (Takara 1957, Ishikawa
et al. 2012, Ishikawa 2016). Amongst the Japanese congeners, C. orientalis is separable
from the other two species by a combination of the following characteristics: relatively large
body, generally dark brown to blackish in colour; blackish abdomen venter, with a yellowish
to dark yellow connexivum; ventral rim of the genital capsule with a medial M-shaped
notch, which is one-fifth as wide as the genital capsule; triangular crown of paramere in
caudal view, with the dorsal and ventral lobes acute and rounded at the apex, respectively;
and apical receptacle of soermatheca with an upwardly or laterally directed process and a
downwardly directed process.

According to Nozaki et al. (2016), the adults and nymphs of Caystrus orientalis inhabit (or
often coexist with) the stems or soft litter layers of the base of Miscanthus floridulus (Labill.)
Warb. (Poaceae) bushes in Kumamoto Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan. Similarly, we collected
the Ryukyuan individuals of C. orientalis from the lower parts of M. sinensis Anderss
bundles (Fig. 3). Therefore, this species appears to feed on Miscanthus grasses.
Additionally, we found that the species was occasionally attracted to UV light at night, as
reported in Nagasaki Prefecture (2001).

Figure 3. EE

Habitat of Caystrus orientalis on Ishigaki Island, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan.

12 Tachi H, Ishikawa T

Acknowledgements

We are extremely grateful to the following persons for kindly offering material and/or
providing references: Tomohide Yasunaga (American Museum of Natural History, USA),
Tatsuya Nozaki (Wesco Co., Ltd., Japan), Kiyoshi Tanaka (Nagasaki North High School,
Japan) and Reo Ito (Oita City, Japan). We also indebted to Laurence Livermore (Natural
History Museum, UK) and Tomohide Yasunaga (American Museum of Natural History,
USA) for their critical reading of the manuscript and for giving valuable comments. We
would also like to thank Editage (www.editage.jp) for English language editing.

References

° Aukema B, Rieger C, Rabitsch W (2013) Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the
Palaearctic Region. Vol. 6. Supplement. Netherlands Entomological Society,
Amsterdam, 629 pp. [ISBN 13: 9789071912351]

° Ishikawa T, Takahashi K, Takai M (2012) Two pentatomine stink bug (Heteroptera:
Pentatomidae) new to the Japanese fauna. Rostria 54: 57-59.

° Ishikawa T (2016) Family Pentatomidae . In: Hayashi M, Tomokuni M, Yoshizawa K,
Ishikawa T (Eds) Catalogue of the Insects of Japan. Vol. 4 Paraneoptera .
Entomological Society of Japan and Touka Shobo, Fukuoka, 494-504 pp. [ISBN
978-4-434-21 822-4].

° Lin Y, Zhang S (1993) Hemiptera: Pentatomidae . In: Huang C (Ed.) Animals of Longqi
Mountain. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 106-139 pp. [ln Chinese, with
English summary]. [ISBN 750381 1803].

° Lin Y, Zhang S, Zeng L (1999) Pentatomidae. In: Huang B (Ed.) Fauna of Insects,
Fujian Province of China. Vol . 2. Fujian Science and Technology Press, Fuzhou, 26-112
pp. [In Chinese, with English summary].

° Nagasaki Prefecture (2001) Red Data Book 2001. Showado Publishing, Nagasaki, 568
pp. [In Japanese].

° Nozaki T, Nozaki Y, Uki K, Tsukada T (2016) The heteropteran fauna in the Ushibuka
area of the Amakusa Islands, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. Rostria 60: 67-96. [In
Japanese, with English summary].

° Rider DA (2006) Family Pentatomidae Leach, 1815. In: Aukema B, Rieger C (Eds)
Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 5. Pentatomomorpha II.
Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, 233-402 pp. [ISBN
978-90-71912-28-3].

° Takara T (1957) Provisional list of Hemiptera (Heteroptera) in the Ryukyu Islands.
Science Bulletin of Agriculture and Home Economics Division, University of the Ryukyus
4: 11-90.

° Tsai J, Rédei D, Yeh G, Yang M (2011) Jewel bugs of Taiwan (Heteroptera:
Scutelleridae). National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 309 pp. [ISBN
978-986-02-8723-3]

° Zhang S, Lin Y (1985) A new species and a new record of Pentatomidae from Fujian
and Jiangxi Provinces, China. Wuyi Science Journal 5: 21-23.