#ZooKeys ZooKeys 1228: 99-114 (2025) DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1228.129419 Research Article Three new species of Polleniidae (Diptera) from China Shixin Liu’®, Honghu Ji2®, Wenliang Li'®, Gang Yao?® 1 College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China 2 Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua 321000, China 3 College of Agriculture, Jinhua University of Vocational Technology, Jinhua 321007, China Corresponding authors: Wenliang Li (wenliangli@haust.edu.cn); Gang Yao (likygang@163.com) OPEN Qaccess Academic editor: Pierfilippo Cerrett Received: 12 June 2024 Accepted: 3 November 2024 Published: 18 February 2025 ZooBank: https://zoobank.org/ D8201D9E-0B59-4F8C-9EC3- 83C44A030BC4 Citation: Liu S, Ji H, Li W, Yao G (2025) Three new species of Polleniidae (Diptera) from China. ZooKeys 1228: 99-114. https://doi.org/10.3897/ zookeys.1228.129419 Copyright: © Shixin Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (Attribution 4.0 International - CC BY 4.0). Abstract Dexopollenia guangxiensis Liu, Li & Yao, sp. nov., Dexopollenia chonggingensis Liu, Li & Yao, sp. nov. and Xanthotryxus huapingensis Liu, Li & Yao, sp. nov. from the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chongqing are described and illustrated. Keys to spe- cies of the genera Dexopollenia and Xanthotryxus from China are provided. Photographs of the habitus and male genitalia of the new species are also provided. Key words: Calyptratae, cluster flies, Dexopollenia, identification key, Oestroidea, taxo- nomy, Xanthotryxus Introduction The genus Pollenia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 was erected for the type species Musca rudis Fabricius, 1794, the earliest recorded cluster fly. The Polleniidae fam- ily group name was originally proposed by Brauer and Bergenstamm (1889) to include the single genus Pollenia (Gisondi et al. 2020). Later, Pollenia, Dexopollen- ia Townsend, 1917, Xanthotryxus Aldrich, 1930 and Anthracomyia Malloch, 1927 were treated as composing the subfamily Polleniinae (or tribe Polleniini) in Cal- liphoridae (Hall 1965; Dear 1986; Schumann 1986; Kurahashi 1989; Gisondi et al. 2020). The taxonomic status of Polleniinae has been debated. Over the past few years, molecular data consistently retrieved Polleniidae as sister to Tachinidae and phylogenetically distant from the ‘core’ Calliphoridae, but this sister-group re- lationship has remained practically without support from morphological evidence (Singh and Wells 2013; Kutty et al. 2019; Gisondi et al. 2020). Until the study of Cerretti et al. (2019), molecular-based phylogenetic analyses retrieved members of the former calliphorid subfamily Polleniinae as sister to Tachinidae; also, this clade is consistently reconstructed as distinct from the non-polleniine calliphorid clades with strong statistical support. On the other hand, a sister-group relation- ship between the former calliphorid subfamily Polleniinae and Tachinidae is sup- ported by one non-homoplastic synapomorphy: ventral and ventrolateral surface of distalmost parts of the distiphallus smooth. All existing evidence shows that Polleniidae is monophyletic. Johnston et al. (2023) found in their study of sub- familial phylogenetic relationships within Polleniidae, that Pollenia forms a mono- phyletic clade, which is sister to the genera Melanodexia-Morrinia-Dexopollenia, 99 Shixin Liu et al.: New species of Polleniidae from China and recovered Dexopollenia-Xanthotryxus Aldrich as sister to the remaining Pol- leniidae comprising Pollenia and sister-group Morinia-Melanodexia. Gisondi et al. (2023) studied the phylogenetic relationships within Polleniidae and obtained a morphological topology that is largely consistent with the findings of Johnston et al. (2023), particularly, that Pollenia is the sister taxon of the Morinia-Melanodexia clade, and suggested that Polleniidae be divided into Moriniinae and Polleniinae. The family Polleniidae may be diagnosed as follows: Small to medium-sized oestroid flies varying from yellow to black in ground colour. Stem vein bare dor- sally. Anal vein not reaching wing margin. Posterodorsal margin of hind coxa bare. Prosternum and proepisternal depression bare. Female: ovipositor scler- ite length moderate; sternite 8 of ovipositor elongate with apex entire; cerci long and narrow. Male: ventral and ventrolateral surface of distalmost parts of distiphallus smooth (Cerretti et al. 2019). Polleniidae accounts for around 150 described species in eight genera worldwide (Cerretti et al. 2019; Gisondi et al. 2020; Xue et al. 2020; Gisondi et al. 2023). Five of the eight genera (and 30 species) are known from China (Fan 1992; Fan 1997; Xue and Zhao 1996; Xue et al. 2020; Xue and Du 2022). Dexopollenia comprises 21 species (Cerretti et al. 2019; Gisondi et al. 2020; Xue and Du 2022), and the following nine species are known to occur in China: D. aurantifulva Feng, 2004; D. disemura Fan & Deng, 1993; D. flava Aldrich, 1930; D. geniculata Malloch, 1935; D. luteola Villeneuve, 1927; D. maculata Villeneuve, 1933; D. nigriscens Fan, 1992; D. tianmushanensis Fan, 1997; and D. uniseta Fan, 1992. Xanthotryxus comprises seven species, all distributed in China (Gisondi et al. 2020; Xue et al. 2020): X. aurata Séguy, 1934; X. bazini Séguy, 1934; X. dra- co Aldrich, 1930; X. ludingensis Fan, 1992; X. melanurus Fan, 1992; X. mongol Aldrich, 1930; and X. uniapicalis Fan, 1992. Dexpollenia and Xanthotryxus are distinct from West Palaearctic Pollenia, but preimaginal stages of Dexopollenia and Xanthotryxus are almost unknown in comparison to West Palaearctic Pol- leniidae (Kurahashi 1967; Szpila 2003; Grzywacz et al. 2012; Szpila et al. 2023). In this article, two new species belonging to Dexopollenia and one new spe- cies belonging to Xanthotryxus are described, and updated keys of the two gen- era are provided. Material and methods The specimens were photographed under a Canon EOS 5DsR camera (Tokyo, Ja- pan) with a Laowa FF 100 mm F2.8 CA-Dreamer Macro 2x lens (Hefei, China) and stacked with Helicon Focus ver. 7 software. The male genitalia were photographed under a Canon EOS 5DsR camera (Tokyo, Japan) with Mitutoyo, M Plan Apo 10x (Japan). Photographs were edited with Adobe Photoshop CC 2017. Morphologi- cal terminology mainly follows Cumming and Wood (2017) and McAlpine (1981). Abbreviations used are as follows: acr—acrostichal setae; de—dorsocentral setae; ial—intra-alar setae; h—humeral setae; ph—posthumeral setae; pra— prealar setae; sal—supraalar setae; pal—postalar setae; mpl—mesopleural setae; spl—sternopleural setae; ppl—pteropleural setae; a—anterior setae; v— ventral setae; d—dorsal setae; p—posterior setae; ad—anterodorsal setae; pd— posterodorsal setae; av—anteroventral setae; py—posteroventral setae; r-m— radio-medial cross-vein, 2R,—distal fifth radial cell; T—tergite; ST—sternite. Depositories cited in this work are as follows: ZooKeys 1228: 99-114 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1228.129419 100 Shixin Liu et al.: New species of Polleniidae from China HAUST Insect Collection of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China. Curator: Wenliang Li Results Taxonomy Genus Dexopollenia Townsend, 1917 Dexopollenia Townsend, 1917: 201. Type species: Dexopollenia testacea Townsend, 1917 (original designation). Diagnosis. Adults of this genus can be recognized by the combination of the fol- lowing characters: body length 5-10 mm; eyes with hairs or bare; males frons narrow, interfrontalia surface disappears at narrowest part parafacial bare, aris- ta plumose, vibrissa approaches epistoma; thorax with golden tomentum or soft hairs, propleura and basisternum of prothorax bare; postalar declivity with hairs, spl 1+1; subcostal sclerite with yellow hairs but no black setulae; radial stem vein and subalar knob bare, 2R, open, M,,, tip gently curved forward in a wide obtuse angle or very gently in an arc, lower calypter bare; T,_, with strong marginal bristles on the backside (Fan 1997). Distribution. Australasian, Oriental and Palaearctic. Key to Chinese species of genus Dexopollenia Townsend, 1917 (males) Modified from Fan (1997). 1 Leg mostly yellow (Figs 3, 13), palpus yellow (Fig. 14)...........cccccsesseeeees 2 = tte black, Pals: BlaCK 2.78 Ai... 2c mutes haa ee, Cee reed Boake Ns 9 2 ‘Diseallscutellarsetae Present. cece. czcchaiteacssse goa cesahohy oedeewvieeachiatoncsnswegeh cae 3 = . “Bisealiseutellarsetac absent ya .s.4s5. ctor Bae ath Bate ce decent nessun ass 5 3. Thorax black (Figs 1, 11), tarsus yellow (Fig. 13).......c.ccccccscsseescseeseeseeees 4 - Thorax mostly yellow, tarsus dark yellow .............cccceeeeees D. aurantifulva 4 — Interfrontalia reddish-brown (Fig. 14), T, black (Fig. 12), ST, hairs black, GT C@ hit 6) (= ial lal ©..6 FMP eA pEneR oer nro lind D. chongqingensis Liu, Li & Yao, sp. nov. - Interfrontalia orange (Fig. 4), T, mostly yellow (Fig. 2), ST, hairs yellow, (A) (BNL) c= pa 018 Remi fet rade OR a ee Retr eR a D. tianmushanensis eS) Jremurbend andi biaikase- black... 5.82 ite tarthe nt eeenseysen 4. etiomete 6 = «sFemurend andttibiat base yews gcc: feeeceeenseesecvieowel wre levees neesnereavonend 7 6 T,_, mostly black, except for a narrow yellow trailing edge band at the INP ch ove nt haere hence pln etnies Oy Di ter aeh nOa ek trruts SoBe, ef Phd D. geniculata - T,_, mostly yellow (Fig. 2), except for dark spots in the middle ................ Wea aNicean waned cee Co kY tase AR SNe ate Rese Laure BEND? Obata Nie ecu etnNW Nai MAX dna D. maculata Lim “Tarsus black (FIG. SIStANOFT A: 38 uncchea.cetns learned, Steere awtass abenmen Bry 8 —- Tarsus end brown, rest yellow, ial OF2 0.0.0.0... ccccccssececesesseeeeeeeees D. flava 8 Thorax yellow, mpl 0+2, abdomen yellow only, T, brown............. D. uniseta - Thorax black (Fig. 1), mpl 0+3, tergites except T, with black trailing edge band, T,_, with a black ovate spot medially (Fig. 2) ..........cccssceeeeseseeeenees hel Sree Ns ee con ont siye v2 hai ll ese ES, Poe D. guangxiensis Liu, Li & Yao, sp. nov. ZooKeys 1228: 99-114 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1228.129419 101 Shixin Liu et al.: New species of Polleniidae from China OR PLE SUPA ACE? Seetecwaccrmecsaaedarenacath aa nesrts octenace evunasnodesesnnacturs mmc te) D. disemura ce SP PCSUPUG AR ACU feet odie Manel ace ENN Rd cs ART aah chaste eel ame ade 10 TOs" Without factalearitias Pi lh sn. ..ccs33es5cbecacosabeancdsaiacceesstanasntuantedes D. nigriscens = ‘Facial-carinadeveloped: DIZ. ccc te cecee cust eectncee enters cecetmeeeseact D. luteola Dexopollenia guangxiensis Liu, Li & Yao, sp. nov. https://zoobank.org/C184COF4-76C0-4E66-980E-394BF9AAB9C3 Figs 1-5, 6-10 Type material. Holotype - (dissected), male (HAUST), CHINA: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin City, Lingui District, Huangsha Yao Township, Anji- angping, 25°55'6'N, 109°94'4'E, 1. VI. 2023, 1340 m, leg. Shixin Liu. Paratype - 1 male (HAUST), same data as holotype. Diagnosis. Eyes with sparse short hairs; first and second antennal segments dark yellow, third antennal segment black except base dark yellow; facial carina not particularly developed; eyes 2 times higher than gena; thorax black, with dense white pollen; acr 1+2, ial 0+1, pp! absent; legs yellow except tarsus black; subcostal sclerite yellowish, bare; radial stem vein and subalar knob bare; ab- domen with a mediodorsal dark vitta interrupted mediodorsally; cercus broad, terminal tip in dorsal view; paraphallus tip curved forward; hypophallus and ac- rophallus membranous. Description. Male. Thorax appears black in ground colour, slightly white pol- linose. Wing brownish-yellow. Legs yellow, tarsus black. Abdomen largely yel- low, with a mediodorsal dark vitta interrupted mediodorsally. Head (Figs 1, 3, 4). Eyes red, with sparse short hairs; post-ocellar setae and post-vertical setae present, eyes holoptic; Frons narrow, interfronta- lia surface disappears at narrowest part; parafrontal yellow, with six pairs of frontal setae; parafacial and ocellar triangle dark yellow, with yellow- ish-white tomentum; gena yellow, with dense black setae; lunule bare; first and second antennal segments dark yellow, third antennal segment black except base dark yellow, first and second antennal segments with black setae, third antennal segment about 2 times longer than second antennal segment, arista plumose, arista longer than third antennal segment, but not more than epistome; mid-facial plate dark yellow, facial carina not partic- ularly developed; palpus yellow; eyes 2 times higher than gena; postgena concolorous with gena, all yellow; hairs on postgena mostly black, yellowish hairs posteriorly. Thorax (Figs 1, 3) black, with slightly white pruinescence; prodorsum and dorsum of mesothorax with crinkly golden hair; acr 1+2, dc 2+3, ial 0+1, h 2, ph 1+0, pra 1, sal 1, pal 2; scutellum black, with a tuft of crinkly golden hairs; anterior and posterior spiracles yellow, proepimeral setae present; anepister- num black, with crinkly golden hairs, mpl 0+3, spl 1+1; ppl absent, with a tuft of crinkly golden hairs; inferior laterotergite bare. Wings (Fig. 5) brownish-hyaline; epaulet and basicostal scale dark yellow, subcostal sclerite yellowish, bare; radial stem vein and subalar knob bare; 2R, open, width 1/2 the length of r-m; upper calypter and lower calypter dark yellow, halter yellow. ZooKeys 1228: 99-114 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1228.129419 102 Shixin Liu et al.: New species of Polleniidae from China A Figures 1-5. Dexopollenia guangxiensis Liu, Li & Yao, sp. nov. male (holotype) 1 head, thorax, dorsal view 2 abdomen, dorsal view 3 habitus, lateral view 4 head, anterior view 5 wing. Scale bars: 3 mm. 3) Legs (Fig. 3) yellow except tarsus black, fore femur with 10 pv, 4 pd; fore tibia with 3 ad, 2 pd; mid femur with 2 a; mid tibia with 2 ad, 2 p, 1 d, 2 pd; hind femora with 8 ad, 4 pd; hind tibia with 3 ad, 3 pd. ZooKeys 1228: 99-114 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1228.129419 103 Shixin Liu et al.: New species of Polleniidae from China 9 10 Figures 6-10. Dexopollenia guangxiensis Liu, Li & Yao, sp. nov. male terminalia 6 cercus and surstyli, posterior view 7 cercus and surstyli, lateral view 8 terminalia lateral view 9 ST, ventral view 10 phallic complex, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm. Abbreviations: acroph: acrophallus; cerc: cercus; hypoph: hypophallus; paraph: paraphallus; pgt: postgonites; pregt: pregonites; sur: surstyli. ZooKeys 1228: 99-114 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1228.129419 104 Shixin Liu et al.: New species of Polleniidae from China Abdomen (Figs 2, 3) largely yellow, with a mediodorsal dark vitta interrupted mediodorsally; ST,_, with long black setae, terminal margin of lateral lobe of ST, with a black spot (Fig. 9); epandrium with long dense black setae. Male ter- minalia: medial side of surstyli with dense black hairs in posterior view (Fig. 6); cerci broad, terminal tip in posterior view (Fig. 6); surstyli broad and terminal rounded in lateral view (Figs 7, 8); pregonite with a row of black setae, and post- gonites with one black seta; paraphallus terminal curved forward; hypophallus and acrophallus membranous (Figs 8, 10). Female. Unknown. Measurements. Male. Body length 5.1—8.6 mm. Etymology. The specific epithet is chosen after Guangxi Province where the holotype was collected. Distribution. China (Guangxi). Remarks. This new species is similar to D. maculata Villeneuve, 1933, but differs in the following points: ial 0+1, ad 2, T,_, with a mediodorsal dark vit- ta interrupted mediodorsally, and cerci broad in dorsal view. Further, the new species paraphallus is slightly wider and rounded terminally compared to the D. maculata paraphallus, and the new species postgonites is longer than the D. maculata postgonites. Dexopollenia chongqingensis Liu, Li & Yao, sp. nov. https://zoobank.org/79D82223-F59A-407F-8AEC-ECO5BE4350A1 Figs-1:1-15, 16-20 Type material. Holotype « (dissected), male (HAUST), CHINA: Red flag guard sta- tion, Yintiaoling, Wuxi County, Chongging, 31°30'32.2972'N, 109°49'10.8334'E, 16. VIII. 2023, 1125 m, leg. Xulong Chen. Paratypes » 2 males (HAUST), same data as holotype. Diagnosis. Eyes bare; interfrontalia reddish-brown; parafrontal gray, with sev- en pairs of frontal setae; parafacial and ocellar triangle reddish-brown, parafacial base gray; first and second antennal segments brown, third antennal segment reddish-brown except base brown, third antennal segment about 2.5 times lon- ger than second antennal segment, arista plumose; eyes 3 times height of gena. Thorax black, acr 1+2, dc 2+3, ial 0+2, h 2, ph 1+0, pra 1, sal 1, pal 2; scutellum dark reddish-brown. T,,, all yellow, T,_, with a dark stripe in the middle, T, almost black, T, all black; surstyli end bends to both sides in posterior view; cercus slen- der, terminal tip bottom 2/5 black in dorsal view; surstyli broad in lateral view. Description. Male. Thorax appears black in ground colour, slightly white pol- linose. Wing brownish-yellow. Legs yellow. Abdomen largely yellow, T,,.,, all yel- low, T,_, with a dark stripe in the middle, T, almost black, T, all black. Head (Figs 11, 13, 14). Eyes red, bare; eyes holoptic; frons narrow, inter- frontalia surface disappears at narrowest part, interfrontalia reddish-brown; parafrontal gray, with seven pairs of frontal setae; parafacial and ocellar trian- gle reddish-brown, parafacial base gray; gena yellow, with dense black setae; lunule bare; first and second antennal segments brown, third antennal segment reddish-brown except base brown, third antennal segment about 2.5 times ZooKeys 1228: 99-114 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1228.129419 105 Shixin Liu et al.: New species of Polleniidae from China 14 15 Figures 11-15. Dexopollenia chonggingensis Liu, Li & Yao, sp. nov. male (holotype) 11 head, thorax, dorsal view 12 abdo- men, dorsal view 13 habitus, lateral view 14 head, anterior view 15 wing. Scale bars: 3 mm. longer than second antennal segment, arista plumose; mid-facial plate dark reddish-brown, facial carina not particularly developed; palpus yellow; eyes 3 times higher than gena; postgena concolorous with gena, all yellow. ZooKeys 1228: 99-114 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1228.129419 106 Shixin Liu et al.: New species of Polleniidae from China 17 20 Figures 16-20. Dexopollenia chonggingensis Liu, Li & Yao, sp. nov. male terminalia 16 cercus and surstyli, posterior view 17 cercus and surstyli, lateral view 18 terminalia lateral view 19 ST, ventral view 20 phallic complex, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm. Thorax (Figs 11, 13) black, with slightly white pruinescence; prodorsum and dor- sum of mesothorax with crinkly golden hair; acr 1+2, dc 2+3, ial 0+2, h 2, ph 1+0, pra 1, sal 1, pal 2; scutellum dark reddish-brown; anterior and posterior spiracles yel- low, proepimeral setae present; anepisternum black, with crinkly golden hair, mpl 0+4, spl 1+1; ppl absent, with a tuft of crinkly golden hair; inferior laterotergite bare. ZooKeys 1228: 99-114 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1228.129419 107 Shixin Liu et al.: New species of Polleniidae from China Wing (Fig. 15) brownish-hyaline; epaulet and basicostal scale yellow, sub- costal sclerite yellowish, bare; radial stem vein and subalar knob bare; 2R, open; upper calypter and lower calypter brown, halter yellow. Legs (Fig. 13) yellow, fore femur with 10 pv, 4 pd, 3 p; fore tibia with 3 p, 2 ad; mid femur with 3 pv, 2 av; mid tibia with 1 ad, 1 pd; hind femora with 7 ad, 7 av, 5 pd; hind tibia with 3 ad, 2 pd. Abdomen (Figs 12, 13) largely yellow, with dense black hairs; T,,, all yellow, T,_, with a dark stripe in the middle, T, almost black, T, all black; ST,_, with long black seta, ST, tip with long black seta (Fig. 19). Male terminalia: surstyli end bends to both sides in posterior view (Fig. 16); cercus slender, terminal tip bottom 2/5 black in posterior view (Fig. 16); surstyli broad in lateral view (Figs 17, 18); prego- nite with a row of black seta anteriorly, and one black seta posteriorly; paraphallus terminal curved forward; hypophallus and acrophallus membranous (Figs 18, 20). Female. Unknown. Measurements. Male. Body length 3.4—8.6 mm. Etymology. The specific epithet is chosen after Chongqing where the holo- type was collected. Distribution. China (Chongqing). Remarks. This new species is similar to D. maculata Villeneuve, 1933, dif- fering in the following points: tarsus yellow, T, mostly black, and T, all black. The cerci are slender and the basal 2/5 is black in posterior view. Surstyli are more slender than D. maculata in lateral view. The terminal paraphallus in the new species is approximately angular and curved; in D. maculata the terminal paraphallus is arc-shaped and bent. The lower part of the paraphallus in the new species is wide and in D. maculata it is slender. Genus Xanthotryxus Aldrich, 1930 Xanthotryxus Aldrich, 1930: 3. Type species: Xanthotryxus mongol Aldrich, 1930 (original designation). Diagnosis. Adults of this genus can be recognized by the combination of the following characters: bulk size, body length 9-13 mm, body totally black; eyes bare; parafacial bare or with hairs, facial carina broadly flat or slightly round, not angular; antennae black, arista plumose, vibrissa far from epistoma; scu- tum, scutellum and tergite with crinkly golden hairs; propleura and basisternum bare, suprasquamal ridge bare, postalar declivity with tomentum; basal tuber- cle of R,,, with small black setae, subcostal sclerite with a tuft of setae and yel- low villi; legs black; abdomen with golden tomentum, cerci slender, acrophallus well developed and hypophallus not well developed (Fan 1997). Distribution. Palaearctic, Oriental. Key to Chinese species of genus Xanthotryxus Aldrich, 1930 (males) Modified from Fan (1997). 1 Discal scutellar setae present, ST, hairs all yellow or partially yellow....... 2 - Discal scutellar setae absent, ST, hairs all black............... ee X. bazini ZooKeys 1228: 99-114 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1228.129419 108 Shixin Liu et al.: New species of Polleniidae from China Ze “EPLESUPUTal ACTS OM Os sac. ecdect naar ucnsrumcemtsedturt ns apohe tec ctia, nays sotemnednmmes seakoes 3 ay PIPRCSUEUIARACIAZ FT 8 ae ORR cite Sete tt coca RN ue Mi ea as tol ie dt cad 4 3. Presutural acr 1, parafacial with hairs, 2R, open (Fig. 25)............. X. aurata - Presutural acr 0, parafacialia bare, 2R, closed..............004 X. ludingensis 4 —2R, open (Fig. 25), opening length approximately equal to the length of Pein gers dre nt aalauh bilan temaaed atid AasPataacapenes Atte sae ay Mare ena bac emma, 5 - 2R, narrow opening, opening length approximately 1/3 of the length of POUDD sce voce nceatieden vedas Nesivedvargdavclttu sce ecremtaiess sak see eka Se tv che tenet tees X. melanurus 5 Apex of cerci Separated in POStEriO“ VIEW .............ccccecsscceessceceesteeeeesseeeeens 6 - Apex of cerci united in posterior ViEW..............ccccesceeseeeeneees X. uniapicalis 6 Parafacialia bare (Fig. 24), h 4, ppl 3 ....X. huapingensis Liu, Li & Yao, sp. nov. = ™Pdratactalia with. Wairsen.3 sp ple2 ies. ea Eg i eee ee eect 7 a aErontal/ setae: 1:5, 1s. MairS:alll BlGCK 5.1 ss 2nc Bence Mists teaxectch sina X. mongol = ‘Frontals'setae 10).T... hairs partially yellow. ......::..c0sessotieecsgannerss X. draco Xanthotryxus huapingensis Liu, Li & Yao, sp. nov. https://zoobank.org/9FC00353-209C-4EF0-833F-C29BF84B410C Figs.21-25, 26-30 Type material. Holotype - (dissected), male (HAUST), CHINA: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin City, Lingui District, Huangsha Yao Township, Anji- angping, 25°55'6'N, 109°94'4'E, 1. VI. 2023, 1340 m, leg. Shixin Liu. Paratypes - 2 males (HAUST), same data as holotype. Diagnosis. Eyes bare; third antennal segment about 2.5 times longer than second antennal segment, third antennal segment as long as distance from vibrissa to epistoma; eyes 3 times higher than gena; palpus black; h 4, ppl 3, with a tuft of crinkly golden hairs; postalar declivity with a dense tuft of crinkly golden hairs; legs black; subcostal sclerite yellowish, with dense yellow tomen- tum and 2-3 setae; surstyli terminal extension and hook-like in lateral view. Description. Male. Black species. Thorax black with crinkly golden hairs. Wing brownish-yellow. Legs black. Abdomen black tessellate yellow sar- cophagids markings. Head (Figs 21, 23, 24). Eyes red, bare; frons black, with sparse short black hair, eminence near antennae; interfrontalia surface linear at narrowest part; parafa- cial and mediane dull red, bare, with yellowish-white tomentum; lunule bare; an- tennae brownish, with yellowish-white tomentum, third antennal segment about 2.5 times longer than second antennal segment, arista plumose; facial carina well developed; third antennal segment as long as distance from vibrissa to epistoma; gena black, with dense black hairs; eyes 3 times higher gena; palpus black. Thorax (Figs 21, 23). black, with dense crinkly golden hairs; acr 2+3, de 2+3, ial 0+2, h 4, ph 3+0, pra 1, sal 2, pal 2; anterior and posterior spiracles black, proepimeral bristles present; anepisternum with a dense tuft of crinkly golden hairs on the posterior margin, mpl 0+6, sp! 1+1, ppl 3, with a tuft of crinkly gold- en hairs; postalar declivity with a dense tuft of crinkly golden hairs. Wing (Fig. 25) brownish-hyaline; epaulet and basicostal scale black; subcos- tal sclerite yellowish, with dense yellow tomentum and 2-3 setae; radial stem vein bare, radial vein knob with yellow tomentum; upper calypter and lower ca- lypter reddish-brown. ZooKeys 1228: 99-114 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1228.129419 109 Shixin Liu et al.: New species of Polleniidae from China 25 24 Figures 21-25. Xanthotryxus huapingensis Liu, Li & Yao, sp. nov. male (holotype) 21 head, thorax, dorsal view 22 abdo- men, dorsal view 23 habitus, lateral view 24 head, anterior view 25 wing. Scale bars: 3 mm. Legs (Fig. 23) black, femora with white tomentum; tarsi with dense short yellow hairs on ventral surface; fore femur with 11 d, 13 pd, 14 v; mid femur with 11 v; mid tibia with 1 ad, 2 pd; hind femora with 1 d, 14 ad, 1 pd, 10 v, 7 av; hind tibia with 3 ad, 5 pd. ZooKeys 1228: 99-114 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1228.129419 110 Shixin Liu et al.: New species of Polleniidae from China Figures 26-30. Xanthotryxus huapingensis Liu, Li & Yao, sp. nov. male terminalia 26 cerci and surstyli, posterior view 27 cerci and surstyli, lateral view 28 terminalia lateral view 29 ST, ventral view 30 phallic complex, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm. Abdomen (Figs 22, 23) black, tessellate yellow sarcophagids markings; ST, with yellow setae, ST,_, with black setae and yellow setae; ST, two prominences on the ventral surface (Fig. 29). Male terminalia: end of surstyli curved inward in posterior view (Fig. 26); end of cerci sharp and curved backward in posterior view (Fig. 26); surstyli hook-like in lateral view (Figs 27, 28); pregonites with a row of black setae, postgonites bare; paraphallus slender and curved forward; hypophal- lus membranous; acrophallus well developed and terminal trumpet (Figs 28, 30). ZooKeys 1228: 99-114 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1228.129419 111 Shixin Liu et al.: New species of Polleniidae from China Female. Unknown. Measurements. Male. Body length 11.3-14.5 mm. Etymology. The specific epithet is chosen after Huaping National Nature Re- serve, Guangxi Province where the holotype was collected. Distribution. China (Guangxi). Remarks. The new species is similar to X. draco Aldrich, 1930, but it dif- fers by the following points: h 4, ph 3+0, ppl 3, base of the antennae distinct- ly separated, terminal extension of surstyli hook-like in lateral view. The new species paraphallus is slender, and the acrophallus is not as developed as in X. draco. The new species phallus is rather similar to that of X. mongol and X. uniapicalis, but can be separated from the latter two as follows: the end of the X. mongol! paraphallus is approximately angular curved, while in the new species the paraphallus terminal is arc-shaped and bent; moreover, the new species paraphallus is thinner than that of X. mongol; the new species paraphallus does not bend forward beyond the hypophallus in lateral view, whereas the X. uniapicalis paraphallus bends forward over the hypophallus in lateral view. Acknowledgements We are grateful to Mr Xiaohan Ye, Mr Xulong Chen and Ms Pengyan You for their help in collecting specimens. Additional information Conflict of interest The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Ethical statement No ethical statement was reported. Funding The research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31970435), Investigation and assessment of priority areas for terrestrial biodiversity conservation in Guangxi (GXZC2022-G3-001173-JGJD). Author contributions Conceptualization, G.Y. and W.L.; Methodology, G.Y.; Software, S.L.; Validation, G.Y.and W.L.; Analyses, S.L., G.Y. and W.L.; Investigation, S.L., H.J.; Resources, G.Y.; Data Cura- tion, S.L., H.J.; Writing — Original Draft was written by S.L. and G.Y.; Writing - Review & Editing, G.Y. and S.L.; Visualization, S.L., and H.J.; Supervision, G.Y. and W.L.; Project Administration, G.Y. and W.L.; Funding Acquisition, G.Y. Author ORCIDs Shixin Liu © https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7102-9061 Honghu Ji © https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8217-7293 Wenliang Li © https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9019-1223 Gang Yao © https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3551-5878 ZooKeys 1228: 99-114 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1228.129419 112 Shixin Liu et al.: New species of Polleniidae from China Data availability All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text. References Aldrich JM (1930) New two-winged flies of the family Calliphoridae from China. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 78(1): 1-5. https://doi. org/10.5479/si.00963801.78-2844.1 Brauer F, Bergenstamm JE von (1889) Die Zweifliigler des kaiserlichen Museums zu Wien. IV. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Muscariae Schizometopa (exclusive Anthomyidae). Pars |. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Wien. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 56: 69-180. 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