#ZooKeys

ZooKeys 1229: 213-232 (2025)
DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.145844

Research Article

First record of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 (Araneae,
Oonopidae) from Xizang, China, with descriptions of three new
species and one newly recorded species

Songlu Shi®, Dongju Bian?®, Yanfeng Tong'™®, Shugiang Li#®

1 College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, China

2 Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
3 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Corresponding author: Yanfeng Tong (tyf68@hotmail.com)

OPEN Qaceess

Academic editor: Yuri Marusi
Received: 3 January 2025
Accepted: 30 January 2025
Published: 27 February 2025

ZooBank: https://zoobank.org/
FF1C850A-247F-4935-B511-
B426C7100E4A

Citation: Shi S, Bian D, Tong Y, Li

S (2025) First record of the genus
Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 (Araneae,
Oonopidae) from Xizang, China, with
descriptions of three new species
and one newly recorded species.

Zookeys 1229: 213-232. https://doi.

org/10.3897/zookeys.1229.145844

Copyright: © Songlu Shi et al.
This is an open access article distributed under
terms of the Creative Commons Attribution

License (Attribution 4.0 International - CC BY 4.0).

Abstract

Four species of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 from Xizang, China are recog-
nized, including three new species and one newly recorded species: T. bangla Gris-
mado & Ramirez, 2014, T. mainling Tong & Li, sp. nov. (4), T. metok Tong & Li, sp.
nov. (4°) and T. zayu Tong & Li, sp. nov. (49). Descriptions, diagnoses and photo-
microscopy images are provided.

Key words: Biodiversity, distribution, goblin spiders, morphology, new record, taxonomy,
Tibet

Introduction

The family Oonopidae Simon, 1890, also known as goblin spiders, are com-
posed of tiny spiders between 0.5 and 3 mm. Oonopidae is among the nine
most diverse spider families with 1962 extant described species in 115 gen-
era (WSC 2025).

The genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 currently comprises 48 species
known from Iran to the Korean Peninsula and south to Sumatra, Indonesia
(Ma et al. 2024). Trilacuna has the highest species diversity in the Himalaya
region: 22 species have been recorded there (Fig. 1), including one species
from Pakistan, one species from Bhutan, one species from Nepal, five spe-
cies from India, six species from Myanmar and 11 species from northwest-
ern Yunnan, China (Tong and Li 2007; Grismado et al. 2014; Liu et al. 2019;
Tong et al. 2019, 2020; Ma et al. 2023). At the same time, there are no re-
cords of this genus from Xizang.

In this paper, Trilacuna is recorded for the first time from Xizang Autono-
mous Region and three new species and one newly recorded species of the
genus are described and photographed.

* These authors contributed equally to this work.

23

Songlu Shi et al.: First record of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 from Xizang, China

Qinghai

Sichuan

Yunnan

95190 380 570 760 Bay of Bengal ~ Thailand
at lu —— 7 Kilometers ;

Figure 1. Distribution records of Trilacuna species from the Himalaya region: green circles represent 22 known species,
red circles indicate the three new species. 1. T. hazara; 2. T. bangla; 3. T; aenobarba; 4. T. besucheti; 5. T. loebli; 6. T. ma-
hanadi; 7. T. meghalaya; 8. T. changzi; 9. T. hponkanrazi; 10. T. triseta; 11. T. zhigangi; 12. T. bawan; 13. T. cangshan;
14. T. cuneata; 15. T. datang; 16. T. fugong; 17. T. gongshan; 18. T. longling; 19. T. rastrum; 20. T. wuhe; 21. T. wumanshan;
22. T. xiaoheishan; 23. T. mainling sp. nov.; 24. T. metok sp. nov.; 25. T. Zayu sp. nov.

Material and methods

The specimens were examined using a Leica M205 C stereomicroscope. Fine
details were studied under an Olympus BX51 compound microscope. Endogynes
were cleared in lactic acid. Photomicroscope images were taken with a Canon
EOS 750D zoom digital camera (24.2 megapixels) mounted on the Olympus BX51.
Raw photos were first stacked with Helicon Focus v. 8.2.0 to get the composite
images, which were then processed in Adobe Photoshop CC 2020. Scanning
electron microscope images (SEM) were taken under high vacuum with a Hita-
chi S-4800 after critical-point drying and gold-palladium coating. The distribution
map was generated with ArcGIS v. 10.2 (ESRI Inc.). All measurements were taken
using the Olympus BX51 and are in millimeters. Taxonomic descriptions follow
Tong et al. (2020). Type material is deposited in the Shenyang Normal University
(SYNU) in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China (curator: Yanfeng Tong).
The following abbreviation is used in the text: ALE = anterior lateral eyes.

Taxonomy
Family Oonopidae Simon, 1890
Genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007

Type species. Trilacuna rastrum Tong & Li, 2007 from Yunnan, China.

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Songlu Shi et al.: First record of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 from Xizang, China

Diagnosis. See Tong et al. (2020).

Composition. Fifty-one species, including three described here.

Distribution. From Iran to the Korean Peninsula and south to Sumatra,
Indonesia.

Trilacuna bangla Grismado & Ramirez, 2014
Figs 2-4, 5J, 14 E, F

Trilacuna bangla Grismado & Ramirez, in Grismado et al. 2014: 57, figs 42A-F,
43A-N, 44A-H, 45A-I, 46A-T, 47A-L, 48A, C, E, 49A-H, 50A-F, 51A-E.

Material examined. CHINA * 16'19 (SYNU-916-917); Xizang, Nyingchi City, N of Bayi
Town; 29°38.24'N, 94°22.19'E, 2900 m elev.; 10.VII.2013; L. Lin leg. * 2429 (SYNU-
918-921); S of Mainling Co.; 29°12.316'N, 94°12.649'E, 3060 m elev.; 13. VIII.2013;
Q. Cao leg. * 14'12 (SYNU-922-923); Mainling Co., Nanyi Town, Zhagonggou Sce-
nic Area; 29°09.315'N, 94°12.869'E, 3153 m elev.; 28.VII.2012; Z. Yao & Z. Zhao leg.

Other material. CHINA * 2) (SYNU-F-933-934); Nyingchi City, N of Bayi Town;
29°38.24'N, 94°22.19'E, 2900 m elev.; 10.VII.2013; L. Lin leg. + 14’ (SYNU-F-937);
same data as above * 2¢ (SYNU-F-935—936); Bayi Town; 29°39.831'N, 94°20.669'E,
2990 m elev.; 12.VII.2013; L. Lin leg. * 12 (SYNU-F-938); Mainling Co.; 29°22.068'N,
94°24.663'E, 2965 m elev.; 11.VIII.2014; L. Lin leg. * 2419 (SYNU-F-939-941); S of
Mainling Co.; 29°12.316'N, 94°12.649'E, 3060 m elev.; 13.VIII.2013; L. Lin leg. » 19
(SYNU-F-942); Mainling Co., Nanyi Town, Zhagonggou Scenic Area; 29°09.315'N,
94°12.869'E, 3153 melev.; 28.VII.2012; Z. Yao &Z. Zhao leg. * 2 (SYNU-F-943-944);
N of Mainling Co.; 29°13.310'N, 94°13.309'E, 3050 m elev.; 13.VIII.2013; Q. Cao leg.
* 19 (SYNU-F-945); same data as above * 34'39 (SYNU-F-948-953); Bomi Co.,
Zhamo Rd., nr Baqiong Vill.; 29°52.194'N, 95°43.505'E, 2880 m elev.; 19.VII.2013;
L. Lin leg. * 14 (SYNU-F-954); Mainling Co.; 3.VII.1997; M. Wu leg.

Diagnosis and description. See Grismado et al. (2014).

Variation. Male epigastric area with a patch of enlarged setae in the speci-
mens from India (Grismado et al. 2014: figs 47A, B, 51B), but the setae are ina
regular row in the specimens from Xizang, China (Fig. 2C, G).

Distribution. China (Xizang), India (West Bengal), Nepal (Fig. 1).

Trilacuna mainling Tong & Li, sp. nov.
https://Zzoobank.org/BD584F02-7DB4-4A08-93F8-C2A92BDD109D
Figs 5A-H, 6, 7, 14A, B

Material examined. Holotype CHINA « 3 (SYNU-914); Xizang, N of Mainling Co.;
29°13.310'N, 94°13.309'E, 3050 m elev.; 13.VIII.2013; Q. Cao leg. Paratype.
CHINA * 19 (SYNU-915); same data as holotype.

Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type
locality.

Diagnosis. The new species is similar to T. bangla in the shape of the bulb but
canbedistinguished bythe male epigastricregion withasmall wedge-shaped pro-
cess (Fig. 5D, arrow) vs. lacking, but with a row of enlarged setae (Fig. 2G, arrow);
the psembolus with serrated structure at the base (Fig. 6M, arrow) vs. lacking,

ZooKeys 1229: 213-232 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.145844 215

Songlu Shi et al.: First record of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 from Xizang, China

S t » / , f | ' i ; , i ,

} ri a | I é ; | ‘a ! i) i: ‘
Figure 2. Trilacuna bangla Grismado & Ramirez, 2014, male A, C, E habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views B, D, F, H proso-
ma, dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views G abdomen, ventral view, arrow shows the row of setae. Scale bars: 0.4 mm.

ZooKeys 1229: 213-232 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.145844 216

Songlu Shi et al.: First record of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 from Xizang, China

Figure 3. Trilacuna bangla Grismado & Ramirez, 2014, male left palp A-C (light) and D-K (SEM) A, D prolateral view
B, E dorsal view C, F retrolateral view G bulb, prolateral view H bulb, retrolateral view I, J, K distal part of bulb, prolateral,
dorsal and retrolateral views. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A-G); 0.05 mm (I-K).

ZooKeys 1229: 213-232 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.145844 217

Songlu Shi et al.: First record of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 from Xizang, China

F, H prosoma, dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views G abdomen, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.4 mm.

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Songlu Shi et al.: First record of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 from Xizang, China

Figure 5. Trilacuna mainling sp. nov., male holotype (A-H), Trilacuna metok sp. nov. (I), Trilacuna bangla (J), Trilacuna
zayu sp. nov. (K) A, C, E, G prosoma, dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views B, D, F abdomen, dorsal, ventral and lateral
views, arrow shows the small wedge-shaped process H-K endites, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.4 mm.

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Songlu Shi et al.: First record of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 from Xizang, China

Figure 6. Trilacuna mainling sp. nov., male left palp A-F (light) and G-N (SEM) A, G prolateral view B, H dorsal view
C, I retrolateral view D, M distal part of bulb, prolateral view, arrow shows the serrated structure E, K distal part of bulb,
dorsal view F, N distal part of bulb, retrolateral view J, L bulb, prolateral and retrolateral views. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A-C,

G-J, L); 0.05 mm (D-F, K, M, N).

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Songlu Shi et al.: First record of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 from Xizang, China

a See Sa =
Figure 7. Trilacuna mainling sp. nov., female paratype A, C, E habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views B, D, F, H prosoma,
dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views G abdomen, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.4 mm.

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Songlu Shi et al.: First record of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 from Xizang, China

instead of cluster of fibers (Fig. 31); the reticulated abdominal scutum of the
female (Fig. 7A, C, E) vs. smooth (Fig. 4A, C, E); and the very small globular
structure of the endogyne (Fig. 14B) vs. very large (Fig. 14F).

Description. Male. Body: yellow, legs lighter; habitus as in Fig. 54-F; body
length 1.59. Carapace (Fig. 5A, E): 0.87 long, 0.72 wide; sides granulate. Eyes
(Fig. 5A, G): well developed; ALE separated from edge of carapace by one diam-
eter. Mouthparts (Fig. 5C, G, H): endites slender, distally not branched. Sternum
(Fig. 5C): surface reticulated. Abdomen: 0.63 long, 0.48 wide; sperm pore situ-
ated at level of anterior spiracles; apodemes present, posterior spiracles con-
nected by groove; with small wedge-shaped process situated between anterior
and posterior spiracles; epigastric region slightly elevated (Fig. 5D, F). Palp (Fig.
6A-N): orange; 0.68 long (0.21, 0.12, 0.11, 0.24); femur not enlarged (width/
length = 0.46); bulb triangle; psembolus with several rows of serrated structure
at base, psembolus proper surrounded by numerous fiber structures.

Female (paratype, SYNU-915). As in male except as noted. Body: habitus
as in Fig. 7A, C, E; body length 2.19. Carapace: 0.97 long, 0.79 wide; Abdomen:
1.37 long, 0.74 wide; dorsal and ventral scutum surface reticulated. Epigastric
area (Figs 7G, 14A): with recurved, strongly sclerotized arches (sar). Endogyne
(Fig. 14B): with narrow, transverse sclerite (tsc); with anterior large T-shaped
sclerite (as) and posterior small globular structure (glo); transverse bars (tba)
with pair of lateral apbodemes (ap).

Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 1).

Trilacuna metok Tong & Li, sp. nov.
https://zoobank.org/B4BA31 AD-FDE2-4C1C-B992-D9E585E6CCF6
Figs 51, 8-10, 14C, D

Material examined. Holotype CHINA « 3 (SYNU-911), Xizang, Nyingchi City, Me-
tok Co., nr Yadong Vill.; 29°20.605'N, 95°20.807'E, 1360 m elev.; 6.VIII.2013; L.
Lin leg. Paratypes. CHINA * 1419 (SYNU-912-913); same data as holotype * 12
(SYNU-924); same data as holotype.

Other material. CHINA > 1419 (SYNU-F-955—-956); same data as holotype
* 19 (SYNU-F-967); same data as holotype * 1422 (SYNU-F-976-978); same
data as holotype * 19 (SYNU-F-963); near Metok Co.; 29°19.399'N, 95°20.448'E,
1300 m elev.; 3.VIII.2013; L. Lin leg. * 1419 (SYNU-F-973-974); same data as
above * 1329 (SYNU-F-964-—966); near Metok Co.; 29°19.382'N, 95°19.016'E,
980 m elev.; 2.VIII.2013; L. Lin leg. * 1422 (SYNU-F-957-959); Metok Co., hills
nr Nongjiale; 29°19.087'N, 95°18.876'E, 1280 m elev.; 4.VIII.2013; Q. Cao leg. °
34 (SYNU-F-960-962); same data as above * 19 (SYNU-F-968); same data as
above * 12 (SYNU-F-975); same data as above ° 4.3' (SYNU-F-969-972); 108 km
along highway from Bomi Co. to Metok Co.; 29°29.178'N, 95°26.868E, 1360 m
elev.; 9.VIII.2013; L. Lin leg.

Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type
locality.

Diagnosis. Males of this new species are similar to those of T. triseta
Tong & Li, 2000 in the branches of psembolus, but can be distinguished by
the fused cymbium and bulb (Fig. 9A—N) vs. cymbium well separated (Tong
et al. 2020: fig. 12A, B) and the coxae IV connected by radial furrow (Fig. 8D)

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Songlu Shi et al.: First record of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 from Xizang, China

.

“7 aan z. 2 ao a

Figure 8. Trilacuna metok sp. nov., male holotype A, C, E habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views B, D, F, H prosoma,
dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views G abdomen, ventral view. Abbreviation: cmp = clypeus median projection.

Scale bars: 0.4 mm.

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Songlu Shi et al.: First record of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 from Xizang, China

Figure 9. Trilacuna metok sp. nov., male left palp A-F (light) and G-N (SEM) A, G prolatral view B, | retrolateral view
C, H dorsal view D, L distal part of cymbiobulb, prolateral view E, M distal part of cymbiobulb, dorsal views F, N distal part
of cymbiobulb, retrolateral view J, K cymbiobulb, prolateral and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: ab = anterior branch;
bdb = broad dorsal branch; pb = posterior branch; sdb = slender dorsal branch. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A-K); 0.05 mm (L-N).

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Songlu Shi et al.: First record of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 from Xizang, China

Figure 10. Trilacuna metok sp. nov., female paratype A, C, E habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views B, D, F, H prosoma,
dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views G abdomen, ventral view. Abbreviations: cmp = clypeus median projection;
psp = posterior spiracles. Scale bars: 0.4 mm.

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Songlu Shi et al.: First record of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 from Xizang, China

vs. not connected (Tong et al. 2020: fig. 11F). Females of the new species can
be distinguished from all congeners by the long, narrow posterior spiracles,
which are situated at the anterior corner of the postgastric scutum (Fig. 10C, E)
vs. normal size, far away the anterior corner (e.g., Figs 4G, 7G, 13G).

Description. Male. Body: reddish-brown, legs yellow; habitus as in Fig. 8A, C,
E; body length 1.61. Carapace (Fig. 8B, F): 0.81 long, 0.63 wide; sides smooth.
Eyes (Fig. 8B, H): eyes well developed; ALE separated from edge of carapace
by 1.25 diameters. Mouthparts (Figs 8D, H, 51): labium distally not branched,
with large membranous area at anterior part. Sternum (Fig. 8D): surface
smooth, with large seta pits; with radial furrows between coxae I-Il, II-III, III-
IV and IV-IV. Abdomen (Fig. 8G): 0.87 long, 0.55 wide; surface smooth; sperm
pore situated between anterior and posterior spiracles; apodemes present,
posterior spiracles connected by groove. Palp (Fig. 9A—-N): orange; 0.58 long
(0.16, 0.13, 0.08, 0.21); femur elongated (width/length = 0.48); bulb and cym-
bium fused; psembolus including slender anterior branch (ab), slender dorsal
branch (sdb), broad dorsal branch (bdb), and slender posterior branch (pb).

Female (paratype, SYNU-913). As in male except as noted. Body: habitus as
in Fig. 10A, C, E; body length 2.19. Carapace: 0.97 long, 0.79 wide. Abdomen:
1.37 long, 0.74 wide; posterior spiracles narrow and long (psp), situated at an-
terior corner of postgastric scutum. Epigastric area (Figs 10G, 14C): without
recurved, strongly sclerotized arches. Endogyne (Fig. 14D): with narrow, trans-
verse sclerite (tsc); with an anterior large T-shaped sclerite (as) and a posterior
small globular structure (glo); transverse bars (tba) with pair of strongly curved,
thick lateral apodemes (ap).

Comment. All the known species of the genus Trilacuna have a well-separat-
ed cymbium and bulb; the fused cymbium and bulb demonstrate that T. metok
sp. nov. is quite different from all other species of Trilacuna. But based on the
psembolus and somatic characters, e.g., the deeply incised labium and the
large setae base on the male chelicerae, it is reasonable to consider this spe-
cies in Trilacuna.

Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 1).

Trilacuna zayu Tong & Li, sp. nov.
https://Zzoobank.org/F7E44F6F-DF7E-4B 1 6-B249-90D6354E7068
Figs 5K, 11-13, 14G, H

Material examined. Holotype CHINA « 3 (SYNU-908); Xizang, Nyingchi City,
Zayu Co., Gaba Oil Field; 28°38.849'N, 97°27.088'E, 2300 m elev.; 25.VII.2013;
Q. Cao leg. Paratypes. CHINA * 14' (SYNU-F-928); same data as holotype * 29
(SYNU-909-910); Zayu Co., Dongriqugou; 28°39.670'N, 97°28.657'E, 2470 m
elev.; 23.VII.2013; L. Lin leg.

Other material. CHINA + 14 (SYNU-F-929); Zayu Co., Dongriqugou;
28°39.670'N, 97°28.657'E, 2470 m elev.; 23.VII.2013; Q. Cao leg. * 29 (SY-
NU-F-931-932); same data as above * 19 (SYNU-F-930); Zayu Co., Gaba Vill.;
28°40.254'N, 97°27.780'E, 2460 m elev.; 24.VII.2013; L. Lin leg.

Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Diagnosis. The new species is similar to T. longling Tong, Zhang & Li, 2019
in the ridges on posterior part of the male sternum, the small slit of the male

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Songlu Shi et al.: First record of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 from Xizang, China

Figure 11. Trilacuna zayu sp. nov., male holotype A, C, E habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views B, D, F, H prosoma,
dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views, arrow in D shows the small ridges G abdomen, ventral view, arrow shows the

small slit. Scale bars: 0.4 mm.

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Songlu Shi et al.: First record of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 from Xizang, China

Figure 12. Trilacuna zayu sp. nov., male left palp A-C (light) and D-K (SEM) A, D prolateral view B, E dorsal view
C, F retrolateral view G bulb, prolateral view H, I, K distal part of bulb, dorsal, prolateral and retrolateral views J detail
of bulb, prolateral view. Abbreviations: bls = belt-like structure; cbs = cluster of bristle-like structure; lb = lateral branch;

mb = median branch. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A-G); 0.05 mm (H-K).

ZooKeys 1229: 213-232 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.145844 228

Songlu Shi et al.: First record of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 from Xizang, China

i ey y
vl) 7 1 7 4 i q a e >
~/~ —~ ee AL A y B S “N

Figure 13. Trilacuna zayu sp. nov., female paratype A, C, E habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views B, D, F, H prosoma,
dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views G abdomen, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.4 mm.

=”

ZooKeys 1229: 213-232 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.145844 229

Songlu Shi et al.: First record of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 from Xizang, China

%
' e- cE é

Aol \ BE

Ae! |
oe | ~

Sa, as S| ‘tims: |
. & 4 WV

Figure 14. Trilacuna spp., endogyne A, B Trilacuna mainling sp. nov. C, D Trilacuna metok sp. nov. E, F Trilacuna bang-
la Grismado & Ramirez, 2014 G, H Trilacuna zayu sp. nov. A, C, E, G ventral view B, D, F, H dorsal view. Abbreviations:
ap = apodeme; as = anterior sclerite; glo = globular structure; psp = posterior spiracle; sar = sclerotized, recurved arches;
tba = transverse bars; tms = transverse membranous structure; tsc = transverse sclerite. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

ZooKeys 1229: 213-232 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.145844 230

Songlu Shi et al.: First record of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 from Xizang, China

epigastric region and the T-shaped sclerite of the endogyne, but can be distin-
guished by the elongated male palpal femur (Fig. 12D) vs. globular (Tong et al.
2019: fig. 13A), the cluster of bristle-like structures (cbs) on the median area of
the bulb (Figs 12A, J) vs. lacking (Tong et al. 2019: fig. 13A), the long, belt-like
structure (bls) of the psembolus (Fig. 121) vs. many fiber-like lobes (Tong et al.
2019: fig. 13B), and the transversally elongated membranous structure (tms) of
the endogyne (Fig. 14H) vs. lacking (Tong et al. 2019: fig. 24J).

Description. Male. Body: yellowish-brown, legs lighter; habitus as in Fig.
11A, C, E; body length 1.64. Carapace (Fig. 11B, F): 0.72 long, 0.58 wide; sides
granulate. Eyes (Fig. 11B, F): eyes well developed, nearly equal in size; ALE
separated from edge of carapace by 1.4 diameters. Mouthparts (Figs 5K, 11D,
H): endites distally branched. Sternum (Fig. 11D): surface smooth; with several
rows of ridges in posterior part. Abdomen (Fig. 11A, C, E, G): 0.84 long, 0.49
wide; surface smooth; sperm pore situated at level of anterior spiracles; with
small slit anterior of groove connecting posterior spiracles. Palp (Fig. 12A—K):
orange; 0.54 long (0.17, 0.10, 0.09, 0.16); femur elongated (width/length =
0.52); bulb triangle, with cluster of bristle-like structure (cbs) on median area;
psembolus with long, belt-like structure (bls), a lateral curved branch (Ib) and
broad median branch (mb).

Female. Same as male except as noted. Body: length 1.89; habitus as in Fig.
13A, C, E. Carapace: 0.77 long, 0.63 wide. Abdomen: 1.06 long, 0.67 wide. Epi-
gastric area (Figs 13A, 14G): with recurved, strongly sclerotized arches (sar).
Endogyne (Fig. 14H): with narrow, transverse sclerite (tsc) and broad, transver-
sally elongated membranous structure (tms); with anterior slender sclerite (as)
and posterior small globular structure (glo); transverse bars (tba) with pair of
short lateral apodemes (ap).

Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 1).

Acknowledgements

The manuscript benefitted greatly from comments by Yuri M. Marusik
(Magadan, Russia) and Zhiyuan Yao (Shenyang, China).

Additional information

Conflict of interest

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Ethical statement

No ethical statement was reported.

Funding

This study was supported by the Science & Technology Fundamental Resources Investi-
gation Program of China (2023FY100200), and the National Natural Science Foundation
of China (NSFC32370479, 31972867).

Author contributions

YT designed the study. SS and DB finished the descriptions and took the photos. YT and
SL drafted and revised the manuscript.

ZooKeys 1229: 213-232 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.145844 231

Songlu Shi et al.: First record of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 from Xizang, China

Author ORCIDs

Songlu Shi © https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6482-9926
Dongju Bian © https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9324-8026
Yanfeng Tong ® https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4348-7029
Shugiang Li © https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3290-5416

Data availability

All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text.

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