the journal of biodiversity data “€ Check List > PENSUFT. hae 2* e ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES Check List 19 (2): 269-292 https://doi.org/10.15560/19.2.269 Annotated checklist of amphibians and reptiles from Querétaro, Mexico, including new records, and comments on controversial species Mauricio TEPOS-RAMiREZ)?, FATIMA SOLEDAD GARDUNO-FONSECA!?, CRISTHIAN ALEJANDRO PERALTA-ROBLES?*, OSCAR RICARDO GARC{A-RUBIO*, RICARDO CERVANTES JIMENEZ! 1 Coordinacion de Gestion para la Sustentabilidad, Universidad Aut6noma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Méxi- co « MTR: teposmauricio@gmail.com ® https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5464-2760 « FSGF: sole0499@gmail.com ® https://orcid. org/0000-0002-8557-7380 « RC): ricardo.cervantes@uaq.mx ® https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8951-4280 2 Departamento de Zoologia/Pabellon de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Auténoma de México. Circuito Centro Cultural, Zona Cultural, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan, CDMX, México 3 Laboratorio de Biogeografia e Integridad Bidtica, Universidad Autonoma de Querétaro, Campus Aeropuerto, Universidad Auténoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro,México « ORGR: osrigaru@gmail.com ® https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2053-6550 ¢ CAPR: peraltacl999@gmail.com @ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8176-7419 * Corresponding author Abstract. We present an updated checklist of amphibians and reptiles of Querétaro, Mexico. The herpetofauna of Querétaro is composed of 136 species, 35 amphibians (seven caudates and 28 anurans) grouped in nine fami- lies and 20 genera; 101 reptiles (five turtles, 33 lizards, and 63 snakes) grouped in 20 families and 59 genera. We did not include 13 previous records that do not have adequate evidence. We include three newly reported species for Querétaro: Coniophanes imperialis (Baird & Girard, 1859), Scaphiodontophis annulatus (Duméril, Bibron & Dumeéeril, 1854), and Xenosaurus newmanorum (Taylor, 1949). A total of 69 species (51% of the total species) are endemic to Mexico, while one species, Sceloporus exsul (Dixon, Ketchersid & Lieb, 1972), is endemic to the state. According to Mexican law (SEMARNAT NOM-059), 50 species are threatened or under special protection, while according to the IUCN red list, only 11 species are under some category of risk. We suggest that a greater survey effort for amphibians and reptiles is required to discover unrecorded species in those areas that have not been suf- ficiently sampled. Keywords. Anurans, caudates, lizards, physiographic regions, Sierra Madre Oriental, snakes, Trans-Mexican Vol- cano Belt Academic editor: Ross MacCulloch Received 11 December 2022, accepted 22 March 2023, published 28 April 2023 Tepos-Ramirez M, Gardufio-Fonseca FS, Peralta-Robles CA, Garcia-Rubio OR, Cervantes Jiménez R (2023) Annotated checklist of amphibians and reptiles from Querétaro, Mexico, including new records, and comments on controversial species. Check List 19 (2): 269-292. https://doi.org/10.15560/19.2.269 Introduction The state of Querétaro is approximately 11,699 km? and represents 0.6% of the total area of Mexico (Gobierno del Estado de Querétaro 2002). The state contains three biogeographic provinces: the Sierra Madre Oriental, the Central Plateau, and the Trans-Mexican Volcano Belt (Morrone and Marquez 2003). Due to its complex orography and an elevation gradient ranging from 200 to 3,100 m a.s.L, a great variety of climatic conditions and vegetation types occur within a relatively small area (Zamudio 1992). The wide variety of environmen- tal conditions has favored diversity and endemism in several vertebrate groups, including amphibians and reptiles (Ochoa-Ochoa et al. 2014). Querétaro has recently been the subject of numerous ©The authors. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 270 herpetofaunistic studies focused on biochemistry, diversity, ecology, molecular systematics, and taxon- omy, among other biological aspects of herpetozoans. These publications include scientific articles (Smith and Taylor 1950; Dixon et al. 1972a, 1972b; Padilla-Gar- cia et al. 1996; Padilla-Garcia and Mendoza-Quijano 1996a, 1996b, 1996c; Nieto et al. 2013; Cruz-Elizalde et al. 2019. 2022; Roldan-Padron et al. 2019; Tepos- Ramirez et al. 2021a, 2021b, 2021c, 2022), science com- munication articles (Gillingwater and Patrikeev 2004; Jiménez-Velazquez and Cruz-Pérez 2011), book chap- ters (Cruz-Elizalde et al. 2016; Dominguez-Vega et al. 2019), books (Dixon and Lemos-Espinal 2010), natu- ral history notes (Cruz-Pérez et al. 2009; Cruz-Pérez et al. 2014; Acosta and Tepos-Ramirez 2019; Tepos- Ramirez et al. 2019; Peralta-Robles et al. 2022), and the- ses (Padilla 2005; Tinoco 2005; Cabrera 2009; Zea 2010; Rayas 2019). Smith and Taylor (1950) produced the first list and identification keys to the amphibians and rep- tiles of Mexico, reporting only 15 species of amphib- ians and reptiles from Querétaro. Dixon et al. (1972a) were first to focus exclusively on the herpetofauna of the state, recording 65 species of amphibians and rep- tiles from fieldwork carried out from 1950 to 1971. Nie- to and Pérez (1999) reported 133 species in the state, and Dixon and Lemos-Espinal (2010) reported 117 spe- cies. Among these authors, the largest number of col- lections were by Nieto and Pérez (1999) and Dixon et al. (1972a), who deposited most of their collected mate- rial in foreign collections. For a detailed compilation of new records for the state and its authors, see Dixon and Lemos-Espinal (2010). The most recent list (Cruz- Elizalde et al. 2022) reports 129 species of amphibians and reptiles using records from national and foreign collections, as well as electronic repositories. The differences in the number of species recorded between the most recent studies include several fac- tors, but highlights the lack of recent fieldwork and a rigorous review of controversial or doubtful records. Our objective was to provide a checklist of Querétaro that contains novel and corroborated information on the herpetofauna occurring in the state. Therefore, we reviewed records deposited in scientific collections and included new records derived from fieldwork. We hope that this work will be a useful baseline for future studies. Study Area Querétaro is in the central region of Mexico bounded by coordinates 21.6700°N, 20.0150°S and 099.0431°E, 100.5967°W (INEGI 2017). To the north, it borders the state of San Luis Potosi, to the south with Mexico and Michoacan, to the east with Hidalgo, and to the west with Guanajuato. A great variety of vegetation types are present in Querétaro due to convergence of three bio- geographic provinces. In the south of the state is the Trans-Mexican Volcano Belt, where the dominant veg- etation types are low deciduous forest, grasslands, and Check List 19 (2) oak forest. In the Central Plateau, vegetation types are associated with desert and semidesert regions, such as xerophilous scrub, grassland, and subdeciduous for- est. In the Sierra Madre Oriental, are pine-oak forest, mountain mesophilic forest, and tropical deciduous forest (Zamudio et al. 1992). Methods Mapping. For a better understanding of the sampling effort made in Querétaro, we mapped 4,742 records of amphibians and reptiles (Table 1) obtained from online national and international repositories and citizen science portals (GBIF 2022). We used the Kernell Density Esti- mation (KDE) implemented in ArcGIS v. 10.5 to calculate the density of points around each output raster cell, gen- erating a smoothly curved surface over each point. The surface value is highest at the location of the point and diminishes with increasing distance from the point. Checklist conformation and species selection. We generated a preliminary checklist by reviewing pre- vious works on the herpetofauna for Querétaro from Smith and Taylor (1950) to Cruz-Elizalde (2022) (see Introduction) and including information from collec- tions in Mexico and the USA (GBIF 2022). For the final list, we only considered those records with a voucher specimen in a scientific collection, or with a reliable photographic record deposited in a scientific collec- tion, or if it was directly observed by us in our fieldwork from 2010 to 2023, following Reyes (2019). For fieldwork, we carried out intensive sampling in the preferred microhabitats of amphibians and rep- tiles, during two time intervals each day: 9:00-13:00 for diurnal species and 18:00-23:00 for crepuscular and nocturnal species. For reptiles, we used blanket sacks for transportation, while for amphibians, we used jars filled with humid substrate from the collection site to avoid desiccation. The specimens were photographed ex-situ inside a light box with a white background, and in-situ when the specimens were found. The col- lected specimens are part of the reference collection of the herpetofauna of Querétaro currently located in the Biotic Integrity Laboratory at the Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad Auténoma de Querétaro. Speci- mens were collected under collection permit issued by Table 1. Number of records from the five major groups of am- phibians and reptiles in Querétaro. Taxon Number of records Class Amphibia Order Anura 1,436 Order Caudata 162 Class Reptilia Suborder Lacertilia 2,261 Suborder Serpentes 791 Suborder Testudines 92 Total 4,742 Tepos-Ramirez et al. | Herpetofauna from Querétaro SEMARNAT (SGPA/DGVS/00027/22). All the photo- graphs in this work are held in the Coleccién Nacional de Anfibios y Reptiles (CNAR) at Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México (UNAM), CDMX, México. For a detailed revision, we focused our attention on records of species whose reported distribution in Mexico did not include Querétaro [e.g. Aquiloeurycea scandens (Walker, 1955), Kinosternon scorpioides (Lin- naeus, 1766), and Incilius valliceps (Wiegmann, 1833)], those species that have been reported on few occasions [e.g. Tlalocohyla picta (Gunther, 1901), Trachycepha- lus vermiculatus (Duméril & Bibron, 1841), Pliocercus elapoides (Cope, 1860), and Thamnophis sumichrasti (Cope, 1866)], and those species that have a complex taxonomic history capable of generating confusion (e.g. Eleutherodactylus spp. and Sceloporus spp.). When it was not possible to directly study the specimens held in foreign collections, we made inquiries through the digital repositories or by direct request to the curators of the collections to corroborate correct identification and provenance of the specimen (Table 2). Classification. For amphibians, we follow the supraspe- cific classification proposed by Wilson et al. (2013), while for reptiles we follow Burbrink et al. (2020). Spe- cies names follow Frost (2021) for amphibians and Uetz et al. (2021) for reptiles. In cases of taxonomic contro- versy, we reviewed the expert literature to determine the current name and distribution (for amphibians: 271 Hedges et al. 2008; Streicher et al. 2014; Griinwald et al. 2018; for reptiles: Hansen and Salmon 2017; Tepos- Ramirez et al. 2021a). All the specimens in this work were identified by external morphology, coloration, and measurements following the keys by Dixon and Lem- os-Espinal (2010), as well as specific literature for new records and controversial species. Results The herpetofauna of Querétaro is composed of 136 species, including 35 amphibians (26 %) and 101 rep- tiles (74 %). We recorded nine families and 20 genera of amphibians and 20 families and 59 genera of reptiles (Table 3). Of the total number of species, 114 (83%) were observed or re-collected by us, and 22 (16%) are held in various collections. Of the 136 recorded species, 69 are endemic to Mexico (19 amphibians and 50 reptiles), one reptile is endemic to Querétaro (S. exsul), and five are considered exotic species (Hemidactylus frenatus, H. turcicus, Indo- typhlops braminus, Graptemys pseudogeographica, and Trachemys scripta). According to Mexican law (DOF, 2019), 50 species are threatened or under special pro- tection, while according to the IUCN Red List (2022), only 11 species are under some category of risk (Table 3). Municipalities with the greatest numbers of records and species are Landa de Matamoros, Cadereyta de Table 2. Annotated list of institutional collections from Mexico and the USA, and the number of records from Querétaro in each collection. Acronym Institution Location ae Code Mexico CNAR Coleccién Nacional de Anfibios y Reptiles Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México 213 A ENCB Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Bioldgicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional 9 MZFC Museo de Zoologia de la Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Aut6énoma de México 1,485 G USA AMNH American Museum of Natural History New York 25 D CM Carnegie Museum of Natural History Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 55 E CUMV Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates Cornell University 1 F FMNH Field Museum of Natural History Chicago, Illinois 1 G KU Biodiversity Institute University of Kansas 23 H LACM Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Los Angeles, California 75 | LSU University Museum of Natural Science Louisiana State 2 J MVZ Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California 78 K SNMNH San Diego Natural History Museum San Diego Natural History Museum 5 L TCWC Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collection Texas A&M University 1,006 M UCM Museum of Natural History University of Colorado 6 N UIMNH Museum of Natural History University of Illinois 31 O UMMZ Museum of Zoology University of Michigan 107 P USNM Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution 15 Q UTA Herpetology Collection, Arlington Texas A&M University 28 R UTEP Herpetology Collection, El Paso Texas A&M University 74 S Total 3,238 272 Check List 19 (2) Table 3. Amphibians and reptiles from Querétaro, Mexico. IUCN Red List categories (Least Concern = LC, Near Threatened = NT,Vulnerable = VU, Endangered = EN, Critically Endangered = CR); and NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 (in danger of extinction = E, threatened = A; subject to special protection = Pr). Newly recorded from the state (*). Mexican endemics are indicated. Institution codes are included in Table 1. Taxon IUCN NOM-059 Endemism Institution code Amphibia Anura Bufonidae Anaxyrus compactilis (Wiegmann, 1833) LC — Mexico A, C, M, O, H, P Anaxyrus punctatus (Baird & Girard, 1852) LC = A,C,1,M,P,S Incilius nebulifer (Girard, 1854) LC — C Incilius occidentalis (Camerano, 1879) LC — Mexico A,C, B, |, M, O, H, $ Incilius valliceps (Wiegmann, 1833) LC — C,M,Q Rhinella horribilis (Wiegmann, 1833) — a C,M Craugastoridae Craugastor augusti (Dugés, 1879) LC = C,H, M, P Craugastor decoratus (Taylor, 1942) LC Pr Mexico C,H, 1, M, P Craugastor pygmaeus (Taylor, 1937) LC — A Craugastor rhodopis (Cope, 1867) LC — Mexico A Eleutherodactylidae Eleutherodactylus guttilatus (Cope, 1879) LC — C,M Eleutherodactylus longipes (Baird, 1859) LC — Mexico A, C,H, M Eleutherodactylus verrucipes (Cope, 1885) LC Pr Mexico C,B,M,P,R Hylidae Dryophytes arenicolor (Cope, 1866) LC — A, C,H, E, M,$ Dryophytes eximius (Baird, 1854) LC — Mexico A, C,H, E, M,N, O,S Rheohyla miotympanum (Cope, 1863) LC — Mexico A,C,M Scinax staufferi (Cope, 1865) LC — e. Smilisca baudinii (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) LC — C,K,M,R Tlalocohyla godmani (Gunther, 1901) VU A Mexico C Tlalocohyla picta (Gunther, 1901) LC — C Trachycephalus vermiculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) — K Microhylidae Hypopachus variolosus (Cope, 1866) LC — C,M Ranidae Lithobates berlandieri (Baird, 1859) LC Pr A, C,H, K,M,Q Lithobates montezumae (Baird, 1854) LC Pr Mexico A,C, D, G, M, P Lithobates neovolcanicus (Hillis & Frost, 1985) LC A Mexico M Lithobates spectabilis (Hillis & Frost, 1985) LC — Mexico B,C Scaphiopodidae Scaphiopus couchii (Baird, 1854) LC — M Spea multiplicata (Cope, 1863) LC — C, E, H, M, O, P,Q Caudata Ambystomatidae Ambystoma velasci (Dugés, 1888) LC Pr Mexico A Plethodontidae Aquiloeurycea cephalica (Cope, 1865) LC A Mexico A,C,|,K, M, Q Bolitoglossa platydactyla (Gray, 1831) LC Pr Mexico A Chiropterotriton chondrostega (Taylor, 1941) EN Pr Mexico A,|,K,M Chiropterotriton magnipes (Rabb, 1965) EN Pr Mexico C Chiropterotriton multidentatus (Taylor, 1939) EN Pr Mexico A,C,H, P Isthmura bellii (Gray, 1850) LC A Mexico A,C, D, M, P Tepos-Ramirez et al. | Herpetofauna from Querétaro 273 Taxon IUCN NOM-059 Endemism Institution code Reptilia Testudines Kinosternidae Kinosternon hirtipes (Wagler, 1830) LC Pr B,M Kinosternon integrum (Le Conte, 1854) LC Pr Mexico A,C, D, M, P, S Emydidae Graptemys pseudogeographica (Gray, 1831) LC — Trachemys scripta (Thunberg, 1792) Ee Pr Trachemys venusta (Gray, 1855) — — A Squamata Lacertilia Anguidae Abronia taeniata (Wiegmann, 1828) VU Pr Mexico C,E,M Barisia ciliaris (Smith, 1942) _— — Mexico A,C,M Gerrhonotus infernalis (Baird, 1859) LC — C Gerrhonotus ophiurus (Cope, 1867) LC — Mexico C Corytophanidae Corytophanes hernandesii (Wiegmann, 1831) LC Pr Laemanctus serratus (Cope, 1864) LC Pr C Dactyloidae Anolis sericeus (Hallowell, 1856) LC — C,M Dibamidae Anelytropsis papillosus (Cope, 1885) LC A Mexico A,|,M,$S Gekkonidae Hemidactylus frenatus (Duméril & Bibron, 1836) LC — C Hemidactylus turcicus (Linnaeus, 1758) LC ie Phrynosomatidae Phrynosoma orbiculare (Linnaeus, 1758) LC A Mexico A,C,M,P Sceloporus aeneus (Wiegmann, 1828) LC — Mexico A,C,M,P Sceloporus dugesii (Bocourt, 1874) LC = Mexico A,C,|,L,M,$ Sceloporus exsul (Dixon, Ketchersid & Lieb, 1972) CR A Querétaro, Mexico C,M,S Sceloporus grammicus (Wiegmann, 1828) LC Pr A,C,D,1,M,P,S Sceloporus melanogaster (Cope, 1885) — — Mexico A,B,C, D, E, |, K, M, P, R, S Sceloporus minor (Cope, 1885) LC — Mexico fe Sceloporus mucronatus (Cope, 1885) LC — Mexico A Sceloporus parvus (Smith, 1934) LC — Mexico A,C,1,M,S Sceloporus scalaris (Wiegmann, 1828) LC — Mexico M,P Sceloporus spinosus (Wiegmann, 1828) LC = Mexico A,C, D, E, H, 1, L, M, P, S Sceloporus variabilis (Wiegmann, 1834) LC — A,B,C, E, |,M, P,Q, S Scincidae Plestiodon lynxe (Wiegmann, 1834) LC Pr Mexico A,C,|,K, M, P,R Plestiodon tetragrammus (Baird, 1859) LC — C,M Scincella gemmingeri (Cope, 1864) LC — Mexico E,M Scincella silvicola (Taylor, 1937) LC A Mexico C,M Teiidae Aspidoscelis gularis (Baird & Girard, 1852) LC — A,C, D, E,1, M,N, O,S Holcosus amphigrammus (Smith & Laufe, 1945) — — Mexico C Xantusidae Lepidophyma gaigeae (Mosauer, 1936) VU Pr Mexico A,C,E,1, K, M, P, R, S Lepidophyma occulor (Smith, 1942) LC Pr Mexico M,R Lepidophyma sylvaticum (Taylor, 1939) LC Pr Mexico A,|,M,P 274 Check List 19 (2) Taxon IUCN NOM-059 Endemism Institution code Xenosauridae Xenosaurus mendozai (Nieto, Garcia, Zuniga & = = Mexico A,C Schmidt, 2013) Xenosaurus newmanorum*® (Taylor, 1949) EN Pr Mexico A Squamata Serpentes Boidae Boa imperator (Daudin, 1803) LC — A Colubridae Conopsis lineata (Kennicott, 1859) LC — Mexico A,C,1|,M,P Conopsis nasus (Gunther, 1858) LC — Mexico A,C,E,1,M,P,S Drymarchon melanurus (Dumeéril, Bibron & Duméril, LC — C,M 1854) Drymobius margaritiferus (Schlegel, 1837) LC = M Ficimia olivacea (Gray, 1849) LC — Mexico M,R Ficimia streckeri (Taylor, 1931) LC — C Gyalopion canum (Cope, 1860) LC — Lampropeltis polyzona (Cope, 1860) LC = Mexico C,M,R Lampropeltis ruthveni (Blanchard, 1920) NT A Mexico Leptophis mexicanus (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) LC A Masticophis mentovarius (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, LC _ 1854) Masticophis schotti (Baird & Girard, 1853) LC — L Masticophis taeniatus (Hallowell, 1852) LC — C,M Mastigodryas melanolomus (Cope, 1868) LC — A,C Oxybelis potosiensis (Taylor, 1941) — — Mexico ,M Pantherophis emoryi (Baird & Girard, 1853) LC — A Pituophis deppei (Duméril, 1853) LC A Mexico C, D, E,1,M,P,R, S Pliocercus elapoides (Cope, 1860) LC A C Scaphiodontophis annulatus* (Duméril, Bibron & LC = A Duméril, 1854) Salvadora bairdi (Jan, 1860) LC Pr Mexico C,D,|I,M,Q Salvadora lineata (Schmidt, 1940) — — H,M,R Senticolis triaspis (Cope, 1866) LC — C,1,M Spilotes pullatus (Linnaeus, 1758) LC — C Tantilla bocourti (Gunther, 1895) LC = Mexico C,1,M Tantilla rubra (Cope, 1875) LC Pr M Trimorphodon tau (Cope, 1870) LC = Mexico A,C,1,M,P,R,$ Dipsadidae Adelphicos quadrivirgatum (Jan, 1862) LC — C,M Amastridium sapperi (Werner, 1903) LC — F Chersodromus rubriventris (Taylor, 1949) EN Pr Mexico M Coniophanes fissidens (Gunther, 1858) LC — C Coniophanes imperialis* (Baird & Girard, 1859) LC — A Coniophanes taeniata (Peters, 1870) — — Mexico P Diadophis punctatus (Linnaeus, 1766) LC — M,P Geophis latifrontalis (Garman, 1883) — Pr Mexico A, M,P Geophis mutitorques (Cope, 1885) LC Pr Mexico ,|M Geophis sartorii (Cope, 1863) LC — K,M,R Hypsiglena jani (Dugés, 1865) LC Pr C,1,M,R,S Imantodes gemmistratus (Cope, 1861) LC Pr C Leptodeira septentrionalis (Kennicott, 1859) LC — C,M,R Ninia diademata (Baird & Girard, 1853) LC — C Tepos-Ramirez et al. | Herpetofauna from Querétaro 275 Taxon IUCN NOM-059 Endemism Institution code Rhadinaea gaigeae (Bailey, 1937) — — Mexico A,C,H,1,M,P, S Elapidae Micrurus tener (Baird & Girard, 1853) LC — C,M,P,R Leptotyphlopidae Epictia wynni (Wallach, 2016) — — Mexico E,1,M,Q Rena dulcis (Baird & Girard, 1853) LC — C,E,M,O Natricidae Storeria dekayi (Holbrook, 1839) LC — A Storeria hidalgoensis (Taylor, 1942) VU — Mexico A,|,M Storeria storerioides (Cope, 1866) LC — Mexico C Thamnophis cyrtopsis (Kennicott, 1860) LC A C,M,S Thamnophis eques (Reuss, 1834) LC A A,C, D, J, M, P, S Thamnophis melanogaster (Peters, 1864) EN A Mexico A,C, D, M, P Thamnophis pulchrilatus (Cope, 1885) LC — Mexico M Thamnophis scalaris (Cope, 1861) LC A Mexico P Thamnophis sumichrasti (Cope, 1866) LC A Mexico C,M Typhlopidae Indotyphlops braminus (Daudin, 1803) =e — C,M,P Viperidae Bothrops asper (Garman, 1883) LC — C Crotalus aquilus (Klauber, 1952) LC Pr Mexico G Crotalus atrox (Baird & Girard, 1853) LC Pr M Crotalus molossus (Baird & Girard, 1853) LC Pr C,M,P Crotalus polystictus (Cope, 1865) LC Pr Mexico A Crotalus scutulatus (Kennicott, 1861) LC Pr C,E, P Crotalus totonacus (Gloyd & Kauffeld, 1940) LC = Mexico C,M Metlapilcoatlus borealis (Tepos-Ramirez, Flores-Villela, = —s Mexico C Velasco, Pedraza-Lara, Garcia-Rubio & Jadin, 2021) Table 4. Number of records by municipality currently held in electronic repositories. Municipality No. of species Records % Landa de Matamoros 87 808 17.0 Cadereyta de Montes 71 769 16.2 Jalpan de Serra 82 461 9.7 Arroyo Seco 56 386 8.1 Querétaro 42 371 7.8 Pinal de Amoles 61 364 7.7 San Juan del Rio 43 336 7.1 Amealco de Bonfil 37 221 4.7 Penamiller 49 188 4.0 Colén 31 155 3.3 San Joaquin 35 127 2.7 El Marqués 31 116 2.4 Ezequiel Montes 24 97 2.0 Toliman 29 93 2.0 Corregidora 27 88 1.9 Tequisquiapan 24 68 1.4 Huimilpan 22 66 1.4 Pedro Escobedo 16 28 0.6 Total 4,742 100 276 100°30'0" W 100°15'0" W 100°0'0" W 99°45'0" W 99°30'0" W SAN LUIS POTOSI 21°30'0" N 21°15'0" N GUANAJUATO 20°30'0" N 20°45'0" N 21°0'0" N 20°15'0" N MEXICO 20°0'0" N MICHOACAN DE OCAMPO 19°45'0" N 100°30'0" W 100°15'0" W 100°0'0" W 99°45'0" W 99°30'0" W 99°15'0" W 99°15'0" W Check List 19 (2) 9°00 WwW 100°30'0" W 100°1S5'0" WW 100°0';O" WW 99°45'0" Wgg°sa'o" Ww 99°15'0" Wgg°00'0" W SAN LUIS POTOSI 21°30'0" N 21°15'0"N = 21°30'0" N 21°15'0"N 21°30'0" N 21°15'0" N 21°0'0" N 21°0'O" N 21°0'0" N 20°45'0" N 20°15'0"N =20°30'0"N =. 20°45'0" N 20°15'0"N 20°30'0"N = 20°45'0" N MEXICO 20°0'0" N 20°0'0" N “I~ MICHOACAN DE OCAMPO ° 2 o a a § oO a 100°30'0" W 100°15'0" W 100°0'O" WSs gg°45'o"W =s9°30'o" Weg" 15'o" Ws 99°00'0" W Political division [ State division Biogeographic provinces 20°15'0" N Transmexican Volcano Belt 7 Central Plateau Sierra Madre Oriental Density 20°0'0" N 4 High - Low A Elevation (m) - 3351 me B 19°45'0" N Figure 1. A. Density map by points where shaded areas represent places with higher sampling effort; bold lines represent state lines and thin lines represent municipalities within Querétaro. B. Digital elevation model with the three biogeographical regions present in Querétaro indicated in color. Montes and Jalpan de Serra (Table 4). Class Amphibia Order Caudata Family Ambystomatidae Ambystoma velasci (Dugés, 1888) Figure 2A Material examined. MEXICO - Querétaro e Pinal de Amoles, El Cedral; 21.1414°N, 099.6399°W; elev. 2215 m; 3.1X.2022; Oscar Garcia Rubio obs.; sex undeter- mined, CNAR-RF 892 (photograph). The specimen was captured at the bottom of a natu- ral pond. Identification. Ambystoma velasci is the largest species of the genus. It has approximately 14-18 gill rakers per side (Irschich and Shaffer 1977). Adults have lungs and lack nasolabial folds (Dixon and Lemos-Espinal 2010). Remarks. This species has a wide geographical dis- tribution, from northern Chihuahua state to central Mexico, alsoin the mountains of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and through the Mexican Altiplano (Con- treras-Calvario 2021). Family Plethodontidae Aquiloeurycea cephalica (Cope, 1865) Figure 2B Material examined. MEXICO — Querétaro « Pinal de Amoles, Puerto de los Velazquez; 21.1260°N, 099.6739°W; elev. 2671 m; 29.VIII.2021; Mauricio Tepos Ramirez obs.; sex undetermined, CNAR-RF 893 (photograph). The specimen was found under a rock in an oak forest. Identification. Aquiloeurycea cephalica has a flat- tened head. Snout truncated with the nasolabial region extending far beyond the lower lip. Tail slightly shorter than body, thickened near base. Limbs well developed; fingers and toes partially webbed with flattened tips. Dorsum and venter black to bluish blackish gray, with irregular cream to silvery white, licheniform markings on the upper and lower parts of the tail and the belly (Raffaélli 2014). Remarks. This species is endemic to central Mexico; it is distributed along the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Classified as Threatened by the Mexican Official Norm 059-SEMARNAT-2010 (DOF 2019) and Least Concern by the IUCN. Isthmura bellii (Gray, 1850) Figure 2C Tepos-Ramirez et al. | Herpetofauna from Querétaro 277 Figure 2. Some amphibians of Querétaro, Mexico. A. Ambystoma velsaci (Dugés, 1888). B. Aquiloeurycea cephalica (Cope, 1865). C. Isthmura belli (Gray, 1850). D. Bolitoglossa platydactyla (Gray, 1831). E. Chiropterotriton chondrostega (Taylor, 1941). F. Craugastor pygmaeus (Taylor, 1937). G. Craugastor rhodopis (Shannon & Werler, 1955). H. Rheohyla miotympanum (Cope, 1863). Photographs by ORGR (A-C, F-H), Ezau Garay Hernandez (B), and MTR (E). Material examined. MEXICO - Querétaro « Pinal de Amoles, La Pingitica; 21.1260°N, 099.6739°W; elev. 2671 m; 29.VHI.2021; Alison Khadije Salinas Olguin obs.; sex undetermined, CNAR-RF 894 (photograph). This salamander was found under a slab-shaped rock, in a pine forest (Pinus spp.). Identification. This salamander can be distinguished from other species of this genus by the presence of a marked nasolabial fold in males. Dorsum black, with a paraverte- bral row of bright orange spots. Limbs separated by 1-3 intercostal folds when the arm and the leg are adpressed (Lowe et al. 1968; Dixon and Lemos-Espinal 2010). Remarks. This species is endemic to Mexico. It is wide- ly distributed from Sonora, Chihuahua, and Tamauli- pas to Oaxaca. There is a population from Tamaulipas with a dorsal pattern differing from typical I. bellii from the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and Querétaro (Dix- on and Lemos-Espinal 2010). Bolitoglossa platydactyla (Gray, 1831) Figure 2D Material examined. MEXICO - Querétaro « Landa de Matamoros, Neblinas; 21.2668°N, 099.0578°W; elev. 919 m; 29.X1.2020; Ezau Garay Hernandez and Jesus de 278 Jair Garay Hernandez obs.; sex undetermined, CNAR IBH-648 (photograph). The specimen was found under a rock in a tropical subdeciduous forest, dominated by elm (Ulmus sp.), oak (Quercus spp.), pochote (Ceiba sp.), and cherry (Apha- nanthe sp). Identification. Bolitoglossa platydactyla is one of the largest specimens of the genus. Elongated limbs, rela- tively large head, almost completely webbed fingers and toes. Broad, yellowish dorsal stripe from the top of the head to the end of the tail, with partially irregular mar- gins, often with black speckling, sometimes immacu- late (Raffaélli 2014). Remarks. This species is endemic to Mexico. It is in the Special Protection category (DOF 2019) and Least Con- cern in the IUCN Red List. Chiropterotriton chondrostega (Taylor, 1941) Figure 2E Material examined: MEXICO - Querétaro « Landa de Matamoros, La Yesca; 21.2227°N, 099.1520°W; elev. 1886 m; 13.VII.2022; Cristhian Alejandro Peralta Robles obs.; sex undetermined, CNAR-RF 895 (photo- graph). This specimen was found between bromeliad bracts (Tillandsia deppeana) in a cloud forest. Identification. The diameter of the eye is greater than the length of the snout. The snout is rounded and trun- cated at its tip; and compared with sympatric congeners, smaller feet, shorter limbs, and narrower head (Dixon and Lemos-Espinal 2010). This species may vary in its color pattern, but it usually exhibits a brown dorsum with a middorsal red stripe (Dixon and Lemos-Espinal 2010). Remarks. It is distributed from northern Hidalgo, through the Sierra Madre Oriental in Querétaro to San Luis Potosi and southwestern Tamaulipas. It mainly inhabits pine-oak forests, fir forests, and cloud forests between 1,560 and 2,700 m a.s.l. Preferred microhabi- tats are under rocks, bark from rotten logs, moss, fallen bromeliads, and other objects on the forest floor (Rab 1958; Dixon and Lemos-Espinal 2010). Order Anura Family Craugastoridae Craugastor pygmaeus (Taylor, 1937) Figure 2F Material examined. MEXICO —- Querétaro « Landa de Matamoros, La Yesca; 21.2108°N, 099.1221°W; elev. 1893; 26.VIII.2021; Geovani Gomez Recoder obs.; sex undetermined, CNAR-RF 896 (photograph). The specimen was found under leaf litter in a moun- tain mesophyll forest. Identification. Craugastor pygmaeus is one of the smallest frogs in Querétaro. The head is almost trian- gular. The body may be smooth or warty. The limbs are long and slender, the fingers slightly short and lacking Check List 19 (2) interdigital membrane, and there are well-developed subarticular tubercles (Kohler 2013). Remarks. Its distribution extends from southeastern Michoacan to the extreme western Guatemala. This species was recently reported from Querétaro (Tepos- Ramirez et al. 2022). Craugastor rhodopis (Shannon & Werler, 1955) Figure 2G Material examined. MEXICO - Querétaro « Jalpan de Serra, Valle Verde; 21.5033°N, 099.1665°W; elev. 1307 m; 11.VIII.2015; Mauricio Tepos Ramirez obs.; sex un- determined, CNAR IBH-647 (photograph). The frog was found resting on leaf litter in a moun- tain mesophyll forest. Identification. According to Streicher et al. (2014), the most reliable trait to distinguish species of the Craugas- tor rhodopis group is geographic distribution. However, C. rhodopis can be distinguished from other Craugastor species by the lack of digital pads on the innermost fin- gers, at least the thumb and toes (Kohler 2013). Remarks. Populations of C. rhodopis were recorded from the highlands of Veracruz and Hidalgo, as well as southeastern Chiapas and Oaxaca (Frost 2021). The northernmost record, in Hidalgo, was reported by Streicher et al. (2014). This frog was recently report- ed in Jalpan, Querétaro, where it inhabits cloud forest (Tepos-Ramirez et al. 2022). Family Hylidae Rheohyla miotympanum (Cope, 1863) Figure 2H Material examined. MEXICO - Querétaro « Cade- reyta de Montes, Maconi; 20.8453°N, 099.5394°W; elev. 1674 m; 11.X.2017; Karla-Zaldafia and Oscar-Rayas obs.; 14, CNAR-RF 897 (photograph). This frog was found very close to a stream surround- ed by riparian vegetation. Identification. This is a small-bodied Rheohyla (SVL in 9 = 27-32 mm). The species is recognizable by the distinctive white to yellow stripes along the edge of the upper lip, across the anus, and on the outer edges of the forelimbs and feet. These stripes are not present in any other amphibian in Querétaro (Duellman 2001). Remarks. This species is widely distributed along the Pacific versant of Mexico and a small portion of the Trans-Mexican Volcano Belt. Recent analysis by Rayas et al. (2019) found a complex genetic structure across its geographic range, indicating the presence of cryptic species in some populations. Order Testudines Family Emydidae Graptemys pseudogeographica (Gray, 1831) Material examined. MEXICO - Querétaro « Caderey- ta de Montes, Cadereyta; 21.6915°N, 099.8116°W; elev. Tepos-Ramirez et al. | Herpetofauna from Querétaro 2037 m; 03.V.2017IBH-RF 651; José Belem Hernandez Diaz obs.; sex undetermined. The specimen was observed basking on the edge of an artificial pond; it may have been a released pet. Identification. Graptemys pseudogeographica is a turtle endemic to the United States and is occasionally kept as a pet. The carapace is brown, and the middorsal keel has the suggestion of knobs. There is a light spot or line pos- terior to eye, and light neck stripes may reach the eye. The head is relatively small (Conant and Collins 1998). Remarks. This is an invasive species in Mexico. These turtles are strong swimmers and voracious predators. Graptemys pseudogeographica should be removed and monitored to minimize damage to the ecosystems it invades. Trachemys venusta (Gray, 1855) Material examined. MEXICO - Querétaro « Jalpan de Serra, Presa Jalpan; 21.2049°N, 099.4708°W; elev. 775 m; 21.11.2021; IBH-RF 653; Ratil Hernandez Arciga obs.; sex undetermined. The turtle was observed basking on the shore of the Jalpan dam. Identification. Trachemys venusta is a medium-sized turtle, with an olive carapace having irregular yellow or orange lines, and ocelli on the carapace and plastron (Conant and Collins 1998). Remarks. This species has a diverse diet which allows them to be well-adapted to varied ecosystems when released. Their potential as an invasive species is remarkable. Order Squamata (Lacertilia) Family Anguidae Abronia taeniata (Wiegmann, 1828) Figure 3A Material examined: MEXICO - Querétaro « Caderey- ta, La Esperanza; 20.8916°N, 099.5399°W;; elev. 2350 m; 10.11.2022; Fatima Soledad Gardufio-Fonseca obs.; 19, CNAR-RE 898 (photograph). The lizard was found emerging from a tubular cavity of limestone in an oak forest. Identification. This is a medium-sized lizard (SVL = 10-138 mm). The body is elongate, the legs are short legs, and the tail is prehensile. The enlarged, depressed head has the following scale counts: transverse nuchal rows 4-6 and transverse dorsal rows 31-34. The dor- sum is creamy white to yellow or greenish yellow or grayish green, with six to eight dark, transverse bands; the tail has incomplete transverse ventral bands (Dix- on and Lemos-Espinal 2010; Campbell and Frost 1993; Sanchez-Herrera et al. 2017; Lemos-Espinal and Dixon 2013; Good 1988). Remarks. Distributed in Mexico, Guatemala, El Sal- vador, and Honduras (Villamar-Duque et al. 2019). In Mexico it has been reported from Tamaulipas, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Nuevo Leon, Hidalgo, Veracruz, and 279 Querétaro. It is found in cloud forests with abundant bromeliads, ferns, and mosses, and often is found in cracks in limestone rocks, which are possibly used as hibernacula. It occurs at elevations of 1,000-2,600 m a.s.l. (Dixon and Lemos-Espinal 2010). Family Corytophanidae Corytophanes hernandesii (Wiegmann, 1831) Figure 3B Material examined. MEXICO - Querétaro e Lan- da de Matamoros, Neblinas; 21.2668°N, 099.0578°W; elev. 860 m; 25.VIII.2020; Ezau Garay Hernandez and Jesus de Jair Garay Hernandez obs.; sex undetermined, CNAR-RF 899 (photograph). This lizard was seen basking on a rock at noon, ina subhumid tropical forest. Identification. This is a medium-sized lizard (SVL = 105 mm) with a laterally compressed body. It is charac- terized by a short, triangular cephalic helmet project- ing beyond the posterior part of the head but disjunct from the middorsal crest. The helmet is formed by ridg- es rising from the canthal region above the eyes, and the posterior ridges join and curve downwards. The supraocular and parietal scales are keeled, and there is a prominent spiny scale above each tympanum. The dorsum is green with gray or brown patches outlined with white on the shoulders (Smith and Burger 1950; McCranie et al. 2004). Remarks. This species occurs in Mexico, Guatema- la, Belize, and Honduras. Within Mexico it occurs in eastern Puebla, central Veracruz, Tabasco, and Chiapas (Wilson et al. 2010). It can be found in tropical forests, humid, seasonal, subtropical humid, and secondary forests but not in highly disturbed areas. It lives from sea level to 1,400 ma.s.l. (Wilson et al. 2010). Family Gekkonidae Hemidactylus turcicus (Linnaeus, 1758) Material examined. MEXICO - Querétaro « Munici- pality of Querétaro Santiago de Querétaro; 20.6330°N, 100.4471°W; elev. 1800 m; IBH-T-492; Mauricio Tepos- Ramirez and Leonardo Alvarez obs.; 14 (photograph). The specimen was photographed inside a residence in a southern suburb of Querétaro City. Identification. This is a relatively small gecko (SVL = 10-13 cm). It differs from all native lizards by hav- ing sticky toe pads, vertical pupils, and eyes lacking eyelids (Loveridge 1947). It is generally light gray or almost white with dark mottling. This species can be easily distinguished from the only other gecko species in Querétaro (Hemidactylus frenatus) by its bumpy or warty skin. Remarks. This gecko is not native in Mexico. The clos- est record to the city of Querétaro is from Tlahual- ilo, Durango, 693 km away (Alvarez-Romero 2008). Because other specimens of different age classes have 280 Check List 19 (2) Figure 3. Some lizards of Querétaro, Mexico. A. Abronia taeniata (Wiegmann, 1828). B. Corytophanes hernandesii (Wiegmann, 1831). C. Xenosaurus newmanorum (Taylor, 1949). D. Phrynosoma orbiculare (Linnaeus, 1758). E. Sceloporus exsul (Dixon, Ketchersid & Lieb, 1972). F. Lepidophyma gaigae (Mosauer, 1936). G. Lepidophyma occulor (Smith, 1942). H. Xenosaurus mendozai (Nieto, Garcia, Zuniga & Schmidt, 2013). Photographs by ORGR (A, D- H), MTR (B), and Gonzalo Medina Rangel (C). been observed nearby, it is assumed that there is a via- ble breeding population in Querétaro. Family Phrynosomatidae Phrynosoma orbiculare (Linnaeus, 1789) Figure 3D Material examined. MEXICO - Querétaro « Ameal- co de Bonfil, Amealco; 20.1798°N, 100.1542°W; elev. 2605 m; 8.VII.2021; Mauricio Tepos Ramirez obs.; 19, CNAR-RE 901 (photograph). This lizard was found in an oak forest next to a log in sandy soil. Identification. The body is dorsolaterally flattened. There are conical middorsal scales, smooth ventrals, and a pair of occipital horns and three temporal horns on each side; all are approximately the same size. The tail is shorter than the body (Moreno-Barajas et al. 2013; Dixon and Lemos-Espinal 2010). The coloration varies from gray to dull yellow, with grayish brown or dark brown spots extending over the shoulders and neck, and the tail is banded with dark and light gray and the venter has a reticulate pattern of dark gray and Tepos-Ramirez et al. | Herpetofauna from Querétaro cream (Dixon and Lemos-Espinal 2010). Remarks. The subspecies inhabiting Querétaro is P. orbiculare dugesii (Duméril & Bocourt, 1870), which has a wide distribution from Nuevo Leon, extreme southwestern Tamaulipas and southeastern Coahuila through northern Hidalgo, Querétaro, San Luis Potosi, Aguascalientes, and Zacatecas to central Jalisco and northern Nayarit. It lives at elevations of 1,045-2,600 m a.s.l. (Kohler 2021). Sceloporus exsul (Dixon, Ketchersid & Lieb, 1972) Figure 3E Material examined. MEXICO - Querétaro « Caderey- ta de Montes, El Banco; 20.8844°N 099.7088°W; elev. 1981 m; 9.III.2022; Cristhian Alejandro Peralta-Robles and Fatima Soledad Gardufio-Fonseca leg.; 14, CNAR- RF 902 (photograph). These lizards were found under rocks in thorn scrub. Identification. This is a small lizard (SVL=63 mm). The dorsal scales are strongly keeled, while the ventrals are smooth. There are 13-15 femoral pores. Gular and ventral coloration is completely white (Nieto and Pérez 1998). Remarks. This is a micro-endemic species at high risk according to Mexican law NOM-059. It has been assessed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN. Lit- tle has been documented about the habits and general biology of this lizard. The first specimens in Queretaro were collected by Nieto and Pérez (1999). Family Xantusidae Lepidophyma gaigeae (Mosauer, 1936) Figure 3F Material examined. MEXICO - Querétaro « Jalpan de Serra, Soledad de Guadalupe; 21.3483°N, 099.2650°W; elev. 1488 m; 31.[X.2021; Fatima Soledad Garduno-Fon- seca leg.; sex undetermined, CNAR-RF 903 (photograph). The lizard was observed basking in a rocky outcrop. Identification. This is small Lepidophyma species with a dorsoventrally compressed body (Leavitt and Hib- bits 2012). It has relatively large dorsals, ventrals, and gulars, and microtubercles absent on the dorsal surface (Canseco-Marquez 2008). Remarks. This species differs from all others in the genus, except for L. tarascae (Bezy, Webb & Alvarez, 1982), in having whorls of enlarged caudal scales dor- sally separated by two whorls of intermediate scales, both complete ventrally. It lacks markedly enlarged lat- eral tubercles, as in L. sylvaticum (Taylor, 1939) (Bezy and Camarillo 2002). Lepidophyma gaigeae differs from all other congeners, except L. dontomasii (Smith, 1942), in that it has 39-73 lateral scales between the axil- la and groin rather than 15-46 vertical rows of tuber- cles separated by small granular scales. It differs from L. dontomasii in having 28-39 femoral pores (<28 in L. dontomasii) (Bezy and Camarillo 1992). 281 Lepidophyma occulor (Smith, 1942) Figure 3G Material examined. MEXICO —- Querétaro « Jal- pan de Serra, San José de los Paredones; 21.6321°N, 099.2004°W; elev. 775 m; 22.VI.2022; Mauricio Tepos Ramirez obs.; sex undetermined, CNAR-RF 904 (Pho- tograph). This specimen was found under wet leaf litter in a subtropical forest. Identification. This species is one of the largest spe- cies of the genus (PQ SVL = 102 mm; @ SVL = 90 mm; Dixon and Lemos-Espinal 2010) and can be easily dis- tinguished from its congeners in Querétaro by having 15-42 enlarged, keeled tubercles on the side of the body and 23 or more femoral pores. Remarks. It is found in thorny thickets in the Jalpan Valley of Querétaro and San Luis Potosi. This species is active at night near limestone outcrops and in rock walls and crevices. It occurs in Guanajuato, Tamauli- pas, Hidalgo, San Luis Potosi, and Querétaro (Dixon and Lemos-Espinal 2010), although it is not an abun- dant species. Family Xenosauridae Xenosaurus mendozai (Nieto-Montes De Oca, Garcia-Vazquez, Zuniga-Vega & Schmidt-Ballardo, 2013) Figure 3H Material examined. MEXICO — Querétaro e Landa de Matamoros, Tilaco; 21.1771°N 099.1690°W; elev. 1135 m; 9.VIII.2022; Cristhian Alejandro Peralta-Robles and Fatima Soledad Gardufio-Fonseca leg.; 14, 19, CNAR- RF 905 (photograph). These lizards were observed in oak forest where they occurred in holes in rocks in large rocky outcrops. Identification. This species possesses two postrostral scales on each side of the midline. Supraocular scales are longer than wide. The body is brown, sometimes with diffuse and scattered dark spots on the side of the body and with transversal yellowish bands. The post-orbital region is rounded and does not present a temporal canthus delimited by enlarged or well-defined scales (Nieto et al. 2013). Remarks. In Queretaro, it is known only from the vicin- ity of Tilaco and Acatitlan de Zaragoza in the Munici- pality of Landa de Matamoros, northeastern part of the state within the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve (Nieto et al. 2013). It has also been recorded from El Pinalito, municipality of Jacala, Hidalgo (Zamora-Abrego 2009). Xenosaurus newmanorum (Taylor, 1949) Figure 3C Material examined. MEXICO - Querétaro « Jalpan de Serra, San Juan de los Duran; 21.4966°N, 099.1679°W; elev. 1151 m; 1.X.2021; Brett Buttler obs.; 14, CNAR-RF 900 (photograph) 282 The specimen was observed in the cleft of a rock, ina transitional Quercus forest with elements of mountain mesophyll forest such as Liquidambar styraciflua. Identification. Xenosaurus newmanorum is a medium- sized lizard, (PSVL = 124 mm; @SVL = 118 mm). This species differs from other Xenosaurus species in hav- ing the zygomatic and postocular ridges separated, the supraorbital semicircles in contact or separated medi- ally by one scale row, a smooth tympanum, and no enlarged canthal scales (Lemos-Espinal et al. 2012). The color pattern consists of a V-shaped dark mark on the neck; the dorsum usually exhibits four pale crossbands that alternate with dark crossbands. ‘There is an immac- ulate pale gray to gray venter and laterally interrupt- ed, dark-margined, pale caudal bands (Lemos-Espinal et al. 2012). Remarks. This is a Mexican endemic lizard species pre- viously reported from only two localities: the Munici- pality of Pisaflores in Hidalgo, and the Municipality of Xilitla in San Luis Potosi. Our new record represents the first of this species from Querétaro. This lizard spe- cies is of major conservation concern; it is under the category of Special Protection (DOF 2019) and has been assessed as Endangered by the IUCN. This species may not be able to survive in a highly modified vegetation community (Lara-Tufino et al. 2013). Order Squamata (Serpentes) Family Boidae Boa imperator (Daudin, 1803) Figure 4A Material examined. MEXICO - Querétaro « Jal- pan de Serra, San José de los Paredones; 21.6321°N, 099.2004°W; elev. 775 m; 22.VI.2022; Fernando Hidal- go Licona obs.; sex undetermined, CNAR-RF 906 (pho- tograph). This snake was found under wet leaf litter in a sub- tropical forest. Identification. This species has the following scale com- binations: ventrals 225-288, subcaudals 49-70, suprala- bials 19-20, infralabials 20-24, scales around the body lacking apical depressions 55-88, scales between eyes across the top of the head 15-170, and an entire anal scale. A pattern of 20-33 middorsal spots is present (Dixon and Lemos-Espinal 2010). The dorsal color pat- tern is grayish brown, and the dorsum of the head is gray to bronze (Ramirez-Bautista et al. 2014). Remarks. Until 2015 this species was considered to be subspecies of Boa constrictor Linnaeus, 1758. The geo- graphic range is from southern Tamaulipas to eastern Colombia in South America (Card et al. 2016). Family Natricidae Diadophis punctatus (Linnaeus, 1766) Figure 4B Material examined. MEXICO - Querétaro « Amealco de Bonfil, La Beata; 20.3138°N, 100.2361°W; elev. 2379 Check List 19 (2) m; 20.VII.2022; Leonardo Alvarez Alvarado obs.; sex undetermined, CNAR-RF 907 (photograph). This snake was seen basking in depressions in clay soil of an oak forest. Identification. This is a small snake (TL = 677 mm) presenting the following scale characteristics and com- binations: dorsal scales smooth without apical pits, supralabials 7 or 8, supralabials touching the orbit 2, infralabials 8, preocular and postocular usually 2. There is a cream to orange ring, with or without black margins, around the neck; this ring covers 2-4 scales (Dixon and Lemos-Espinal 2010). Remarks. The species occurs from southern Cana- da to Mexico, from the Atlantic to the Pacific coasts, excluding most of the western deserts (Stebbins 1985). It is found in the Central Plateau and the Trans-Mexi- can Volcanic Belt in central Mexico (Hammerson and Frost 2007). It lives in a wide range of habitat types, such as grasslands, rocky and wooded slopes, chapar- ral, upland deserts, tropical and temperate forests, and thickets (Blanchard et al. 1979; Ernst and Ernst 2003; Ramirez-Bautista et al. 2009; Fernandez-Badillo et al. 2016). Storeria dekayi (Holbrook, 1839) Figure 4C Material examined. MEXICO —- Querétaro « Landa de Matamoros, Neblinas; 21.2546°N, 099.0686°W; elev. 1275 m; 28.VIII.2021; IBH-RF 650; Mauricio Tepos Ramirez obs.; 14, CNAR-RF 908 (photograph). The specimen was found in a paddock surrounded by mesophyll forest. Identification. The dorsal coloration is cinnamon, brown, or orange. There are keeled dorsal scales all over the body, no loreal scale, and the anterior tem- poral scale is uniform in color or with darker margin (Ramirez et al. 2014). Remarks. This snake has a wide distribution from Can- ada to Central America in a variety of habitats. In Mex- ico it is distributed along the Gulf coast and the Sierra Madre Oriental in Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, Puebla, and Hidalgo (Fernandez-Badillo et al. 2016). Family Colubridae Drymarchon melanurus (Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeéril, 1854) Material examined. MEXICO - Querétaro « Arroyo Seco, Purisima de Cubos; 21.2546°N, 099.0686°W; elev. 1275 m; Mauricio Tepos Ramirez obs.; 19. The specimen was found in a paddock surrounded by mesophyll forest. Identification. This is a large-bodied snake (TL = 2.295 mm) presenting the following scale combinations: pari- etal scales 2, supraocular 1, postoculars 2, preocular 1, supralabials 7 or 8, infralabials 7, middorsal scale rows 17. Vertical black stripes are present in the posterior Tepos-Ramirez et al. | Herpetofauna from Querétaro 283 Figure 4. Some snakes of Querétaro, Mexico. A. Boa imperator (Daudin, 1803). B. Diadophis punctatus (Linnaeus, 1766). C. Storeria dekayi (Holbrook, 1839). D. Scaphiodontophis annulatus (Dumeéril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854). E. Coniophanes imperialis (Baird & Girard, 1859). F. Micrurus tener (Baird & Girard, 1853). G. Crotalus aquilus (Klauber, 1952). H. Metlapilcoatlus borealis (Tepos-Ramirez, Flores- Villela, Velasco, Pedraza-Lara, Garcia-Rubio & Jadin, 2021). Photographs by ORGR (A, C-H) and Leonardo Alvarez Alvarado (B). region of the subocular and supralabial scales (Dixon and Lemos-Espinal 2010; Ramirez-Bautista et al. 2014). Remarks. A widely distributed species, ranging from southern Texas, USA to Venezuela, at elevations from sea level to 1900 m (Dixon and Lemos-Espinal 2010). Its habitat consists of dry subtropical forests, humid trop- ical forests, oak forests, and savanna (Stebbins 1985; Hammerson and Frost 2007; Rorabaugh and Lem- os-Espinal 2016). Scaphiodontophis annulatus (Dumeril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) Figure 4D Material examined. MEXICO - Querétaro « Jal- pan de Serra, San José de los Paredones; 21.6246°N, 099.1905°W; elev. 770 m; 24.VIII.2022; Cristhian Ale- jandro Peralta Robles obs.; sex undetermined, CNAR- RF 909 (photograph). This specimen was found hidden underground in a subtropical forest. This observation represents the first record of this species in Querétaro. Identification. This species presents the following scale combinations: ventrals 123-149 and subcaudals 284 234-262. The dorsum is red, with yellow bands bor- dered with black dorsal bands encompassing a pair of scales. The posterior half of the body often, but not always, exhibits a different color pattern, typically uni- formly brown, with white chin (Kohler 2008). Remarks. The typical habitat is humid lowland forests, also in subhumid forests in the extreme north of the Yucatan Peninsula (Kohler 2008). This is the only spec- imen known for Querétaro, so the color pattern of the population in general is unknown. Family Dipsadidae Coniophanes imperialis (Baird & Girard, 1859) Figure 4E Material examined. MEXICO - Querétaro « Lan- da de Matamoros, Neblinas; 21.2586°N, 099.0549°W; elev. 862 m; 24.VIII.2022; Jonatan Pérez Coeto obs.; sex undetermined, CNAR-RF 910 (photograph). This specimen was found on a dirt road, at the boundary between cloud and subtropical forest. This observation represents the first record of this species in Querétaro. Identification. This species exhibits the following scale combinations: supralabials 8, infralabials 10, preoc- ulars 2, postoculars 2, ventrals 130, anal and subcau- dals divided (Ramirez-Bautista et al. 2014). The dorsum is light brown, with three dark brown stripes extend- ing from head to tail, each covering two rows of scales. The head is dark brown, with a pale brown stripe from the tip of snout through the eye to the temporal region (Berriozabal-Islas 2012). Remarks. In Mexico this species is distributed along the Gulf Slope from northern Tamaulipas to southern Chiapas, encompassing the entire Yucatan Peninsula where it inhabits humid and subhumid forests. It has also been reported in cloud forests (Ramirez-Bautista et al. 2014). This genus has recently been reviewed by Palacios-Aguilar and Flores-Villela (2020). Pantherophis emoryi (Baird & Girard, 1853) Material examined. MEXICO - Querétaro « Caderey- ta de Montes, Higuerillas; 20.9158°N 99.7648°W; elev. 1569 m; 31.VIII.2014; Mauricio Tepos Ramirez and Alfredo Acosta Ramirez obs.; 14, CNAR-RF 911a, b. This specimen was found dead on a road, in xerophi- lous scrub habitat. Identification. Pantherophis emoryi is a robust snake with a large head which is more differentiated from the neck than other in members of the P. guttatus complex. It has a background coloration of grey, olive, or brown, with brown and olive dorsal and lateral spots with black edges, but the most distinguishing character is a brown, reddish-brown, or almost black spear-shaped mark on the nape pointing toward the snout (Schultz 1996; Dix- on and Lemos-Espinal 2010). Remarks. It is distributed in the United States and Mex- ico. In Mexico it is found in San Luis Potosi, northern Check List 19 (2) Veracruz, Chihuahua, northern Durango, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, Querétaro, Jalisco, Hidal- go, and Aguascalientes (Calzada-Arciniega et al. 2015) (Bohannon et al. 2018). It lives in oak—tascate forests, dry thorny scrub forests, Chihuahuan Desert vegeta- tion, canyons, and tropical deciduous forest. Family Elapidae Micrurus tener (Baird & Girard, 1953) Figure 4F Material examined. MEXICO - Querétaro « Lan- da de Matamoros, Pinalito de la Cruz; 21.3200°N, 099.1698°W; elev. 2022 m; 29.1X.2021; Brett Buttler obs.; 14, CNAR-RE 912 (photograph). This specimen was found on a rocky outcrop, in a pine-oak forest. Identification. The species possess the following scale combinations: ventrals 200-231, caudals 26-46; mid- dorsal rows 15, loreal scale absent (Campbell and Lamar 2004). The dorsum and venter have a series of red-yellow-black-yellow bands, while the tail has only black and yellow bands (Campbell and Lamar 2004). The head is black, with a yellow band that covers part of the parietal scales (Ramirez-Bautista et al. 2014). Remarks. This species is distributed from eastern Texas, USA, passing through the Gulf Slope to north- ern Guerrero, Mexico. It is semifossorial and inhabits humid places, generally among leaf litter or under logs and rocks (Dixon and Lemos-Espinal 2010). Family Viperidae Crotalus aquilus (Klauber, 1952) Figure 4G Material examined. MEXICO - Querétaro e Ezequiel Montes, Bernal; 20.7471°N, 099.9431°W; elev. 2050 m; 14.X1I.2021; Mauricio Tepos Ramirez obs.; 12, CNAR- RF 913 (photograph). This specimen was found basking on a rocky out- crop, among xerophytic scrub. Identification. The species possess the following scale combinations: rostral wider than long; prenatal curves below the postnasal, anterior subocular is usually in contact with supralabials 4 and 5, long internasals in contact 2 or 3, canthals on each side 1 or 2, intercanthals 0-2, internasal-prefrontal area 5-10; intersupraoculars 2-5, loreals 1 or 2, infralabials 9-13; midbody dorsal scale rows 21-25 (usually 23), scales in contact with the rattlesnake 8-11 (Campbell and Lamar 2004; Dix- on and Lemos-Espinal 2010; SEMARNAT 2018). The coloration generally ranges from pale brown or dark brown, gray, or greenish gray, and yellowish green to reddish brown. There are a couple of brown spots on the nape and 21-41 spots on the back, followed by 3-8 bands on the tail (GSEMARNAT 2018). Remarks. This is a Mexican endemic species, rang- ing from northwestern Veracruz to southern San Luis Tepos-Ramirez et al. | Herpetofauna from Querétaro Potosi and including Aguascalientes, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Querétaro, Michoacan, Jalisco, and Zacate- cas (SEMARNAT 2018). This species can tolerate some amount of disturbance from agricultural and industrial activities, as some populations persist in human-modi- fied habitats (Meik et al. 2007). Metlapilcoatlus borealis (Tepos-Ramirez, Flores- Villela, Velasco, Pedraza-Lara, Garcia-Rubio & Jadin, 2021) Figure 4H Material examined. MEXICO - Querétaro « Jalpan de Serra, El Pilén; 21.4990°N, 099.1730°W; elev. 1134 m; 30.V1.2015; Jacinto Chavez obs.; 19, CNAR-RF 914 (photograph). This snake was found on vegetation of a transition zone between a Quercus forest and elements of the mountain mesophyll forest such as Liquidambar sty- raciflua. Identification. Metlapilcoatlus borealis is a medi- um-sized, moderately robust viper (? TL = 594 mm; 3 TL=657 mm) with the following scale combinations: midbody scale rows 22- 25, nasorostral 4-6, ventrals 130-132, subcaudals 26-35, supraoculars 8-10, intero- culabial 2 or 3, blotches at the sides of the body before the cloaca 21-26. Remarks. Populations of M. borealis differ from the M. mexicanus-M. nummifer-M. olmec group, which are separated by two biogeographic barriers—the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and the Sierra Madre Ori- ental. However, M. borealis may be sympatric with M. nummifer, especially in mid- and lowland areas in cen- tral and southern Veracruz, south of the Trans-Mexi- can Volcanic Belt (Tepos-Ramirez et al. 2021a). Discussion Our study demonstrates the importance of Queréta- ro as a reservoir of amphibian and reptile diversity in Mexico and highlights the importance of using rigor- 285 ous methodologies and protocols to generate reliable checklists. The number of species that we report here is fewer than reported for neighboring states, such as San Luis Potosi (182 species; Lemos-Espinal et al. 2018), state of Mexico (150 species; Lemos-Espinal and Smith 2020), and Hidalgo (203 species; Ramirez-Bautista et al. 2020), but greater than in other, larger states, such as Nuevo Leon (132 species; Lemos-Espinal et al. 2016). Querétaro (51%) has a higher percentage of endemic species than San Luis Potosi (40%), but less than Hidal- go (53%), Guanajuato (57%), Michoacan (67%) and the state of Mexico (71%). Additionally, Querétaro only has one endemic species to the state, Michoacan 21 and the State of Mexico 5, while the rest of the neighboring states do not register any endemic species to the state (Table 5). However, the number of amphibians and rep- tiles reported in this study will continue growing with the description of new species (e.g. Campillo et al. 2021). There are a large number of controversial records since the first published lists for Querétaro (Smith and Taylor 1950; Dixon et al. 1972; Nieto and Pérez 1999). Among amphibians, some of these controversial records are Anaxyrus speciosus (Girard, 1854), Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides (Cope, 1877), Eleutherodactylus nitidus (Peters, 1870), and Aquiloeurycea scandens; among rep- tiles, the controversial records are Kinosternon scorpi- oides, Gerrhonotus liocephalus (Wiegmann, 1828), Scin- cella lateralis (Say, 1822), Lepidophyma flavimaculatum (Duméril, 1851), Pseudoelaphe flavirufa (Cope, 1867), Thamnophis marcianus (Baird & Girard, 1853), Agkis- trodon taylori (Burger & Robertson, 1951), Crotalus ravus (Cope, 1865), and Crotalus triseriatus (Wagler, 1830). Differences in the number of species reported for Querétaro may be due to four major causes out- lined below. (More detailed discussion on controver- sial records considered in earlier checklists and recent nomenclatural changes can be found in the Appendix and Table Al, respectively.) 1) Taxonomic and nomenclatural changes. Among amphibians, there is confusion caused by numerous changes in the systematics of genera such as Craugastor Table 5. Number of endemic species of amphibians and reptiles in Querétaro and neighboring states. The number of endemic species to Mexico include the number endemic species to the state. State Testu- “fe species Endemic Total Anura Caudata ; Lacertilia Serpentes endemic state ‘ (reference) dines k . species to Mexico species Querétaro 12 ZF 1 23 26 69 1 136 (this paper) Mexico State 20 16 2 33 36 107 5 150 (Lemos Espinal and Smith 2020) Guanajuato 13 3 2 21 29 68 0 120 (Hernandez-Arciga et al. 2018) Michoacan 32 9 2 40 67 150 21 224 (Suazo-Ortufo et al. 2019) Hidalgo 22 16 3 25 42 108 4 203 (Ramirez-Bautista et al. 2020) San Luis Potosi 12 5 3 25 28 73 0 182 (Lemos-Espinal et al. 2018) 286 (Cope, 1862) (Heinickie et al. 2007; Frost 2021), Eleu- therodactylus (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) (Frost 2021), and Lithobates (Fitzinger, 1843) (Yuan et al. 2016; Frost 2021), Eleutherodactylus spp. are especially complex in this regard. 2) Erroneous identifications of specimens and out- dated databases. Among reptiles, Thamnophis marcianus (Nieto and Pérez, 1999), Lepidophyma flavimaculatum (Nieto and Pérez, 1999). Sceloporus serrifer (Cope, 1866) (Nieto and Pérez, 1999) are examples of misidentifica- tions acknowledged by collection curators but never properly corrected. 3) Species included in regional checklists by extrap- olation but without recorded data/evidence. Among the amphibians, Aquiloeurycea scandens and Pseudoeury- cea leprosa are two species without reliable records for Querétaro and their historical distribution do not include Querétaro (Parra-Olea et al. 2012; Raffaéli 2014; Frost 2021). Among reptiles, Gerrhonotus lioce- phalus, Agkistrodon taylori, and Crotalus ravus have been reported for Querétaro by Cruz-Elizalde et al. (2019, 2022); however, there is no reliable data or recol- lected specimens of these species from Querétaro, even in recent studies (Garcia-Vazquez et al. 2018; Cisneros- Bernal et al. 2022). For that reason, neither species was included in this list. 4) Loss of specimens in collections, or confusion about locality names. For Querétaro, Kinosternon scor- pioides, and Pseudoelaphe flavirufa were both reported by Dixon and Lemos (2010), and Cruz-Elizalde et al. (2019, 2022). Pseudoelaphe flavirufa may possibly occur in northern Querétaro. Querétaro has been the subject of herpetofaunistic studies for five decades, and during this time several species have been described (Smith 1942; Dixon et al. 1972b; Nieto et al. 2013; Wallach 2016; Tepos-Ramirez et al. 2021a). Possible new species of lizards, frogs, and salamanders are currently under study. However, there are still gaps in the knowledge of species that occur in Querétaro. The inclusion of a species within a geopo- litical area is not a trivial matter, especially when we consider that these borders are often delimited by envi- ronmental barriers, geography, and cultural elements. Addittionally, there are species known to occur just beyond the borders of Querétaro, for example, Rhadi- naea marcellae (Taylor, 1949) and Dryophytes plicatus (Brocchi, 1877), which may occur in Querétaro; it is important to confirm their presence there. Acknowledgements We thank Carol Spencer and Jo Gualpa (Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of Berkeley California), Gregory Pandelis (Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center, the University of Texas at Arlington), Joseph Martinez and Brendan Haley (Museum of Ver- tebrate Zoology, Harvard University), Stevie Kenne- dy-Gold (Carnegie Museum of Natural History), Toby Hibbitts (Department of Ecology and Conservation Check List 19 (2) Biology, Texas A&M University), Vicky M. Zhuang and Carl S. Lieb (University of Texas at El Paso, Biodiversi- ty Collections), Coatlan A.C., and Neblinas Vivo Col- lective for providing information and photographs of observed and preserved specimens. We thank Robert Bezy, Ricardo Palacios Aguilar, and Gustavo Campillo for their comments on the taxonomy and distribution of some species in the checklist. We thank Krisly Sauce- do Uuh for her help in developing SIG products. We thank Arturo Rosas Ramirez, Brett Buttler, Don Max- imino, Don Adan, Gonzalo Medina Rangel, Emma- nuel Ribeiro Aceves, Ezau Garay Hernandez, Fernando Hidalgo Licona, Jair Garay, Joaquin Villegas, Jonatan Pérez Coeto, Margarita Carranza Cruz, Thelma Queza- da Carreon, Ulises Padilla, Yolocalli Cisneros Bernal, for their help during the field outings. In loving mem- ory of Polok. Collection permit issued by SEMARNAT (SGPA/DGVS/00027/22). We appreciate the financial support given for the FONDEC-UAQ 2021. Author Contributions Conceptualization: ORGR, MTR. Data curation: CAPR, MTR, FSGF. Formal analysis: ORGR. Funding acquisi- tion: ORGR, RCJ. Investigation: FSGF, CAPR. Method- ology: MTR. Project administration: RCJ, ORGR, MTR. 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In Queretaro, E. cystignathoides (Natu- ralista 2022) and E. nitidus (Cruz-Elizalde et al. 2019) had been included in previous checklists. However, they are not represented in scientific collections with records from Querétaro. Despite none of these spe- cies being present in the state (Hernandez-Austria et al. 2022), we can confirm that viable populations of an unknown species of the E. cystignathoides complex, probably a species closely related to E. campi, occur in northeastern Querétaro. Reptiles. Taxonomic changes were made in some gen- era of lizards, including Holcosus spp., Aspidoscelis spp., Barisia spp., and Sceloporus spp. (Martinez-Mendez and Méndez-De la Cruz 2007; Bryson and Riddle 2012; Harvey et al. 2012; Meza-Lazaro and Nieto-Montes de Oca 2015; Tucker et al. 2016), and snake genera, includ- ing Epictia spp., Coniophanes spp., Hypsiglena spp., Lampropeltis spp., Leptodeira spp., Masticophis spp., Salvadora spp., and C. aquilus (Mulcahy 2008; Daza et 291 al. 2009; Ruane et al. 2014; McCraine and Hedges 2016; Wallach 2016; Hansen and Salmon 2017; Myers et al. 2017; Palacios-Aguilar and Flores-Villela 2020; Griin- wald et al. 2021; Hernandez-Jiménez et al. 2021). These have added many sources of confusion. The taxonomy has changed with the advancements in molecular sys- tematics, and some species in Querétaro have had their name changed (Table S1). In the case of Crotalus triseriatus, it is very morpho- logically similar to Crotalus aquilus (Uetz et al. 2021), which has caused confusion, especially if we consider that for decades C. aquilus was treated as a subspecies of C. triseriatus. Therefore, many of the collections in museums and publications prior to the recognition of C. aquilus as a species (Murphy et al. 2002) were cata- loged as C. triseriatus aquilus or simply as C. triseria- tus; such is the case of some specimens stored in foreign collections such as Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ-1578190). However, molecular studies (Bryson et al. 2011) have restricted the true C. triseri- atus to the highlands of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, while C. aquilus is restricted to the highlands of the Sierra Madre Oriental, and there is no evidence of sympatry of both species in Querétaro (there is in the neighboring states of Hidalgo and Michoacan). Although it was impossible to review or request each record available in collections, they may be identical cases to the one mentioned above. We cannot rule out the presence of C. triseriatus in the state. Cruz-Elizal- de et al. (2019) reported two species from Querétaro— L. septeptrionalis and L. maculata—however, the latter does not have any data or specimen deposited in a sci- entific collection to corroborate this, and there is only one record on the Naturalista platform from the munic- ipality of Cadereyta de Montes. Thus, its presence must be corroborated and so we did not include L. maculata in our list. Erroneous identification of specimens and outdated databases Reptiles. Thamnophis marcianus was reported for the first time by Nieto and Pérez (1999), and the specimen was stored in the collection of amphibians and rep- tiles of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History under the catalog number CM-60100. In 2009, this specimen was reidentified by Dixon as Thamnophis eques (Ken- nedy-Gold pers. comm.). However, this change was not published and was only removed from the list published in Dixon and Lemos (2010). Another species misiden- tification is the case of Lepidophyma flavimaculatum, which was reported by Nieto and Pérez (1999). After analyzing photographs of the specimen (CM 73260), consulting and following Bezy and Camarillo (2002), we concluded that the specimen is Lepidophyma sylvat- icum, as the postocular scales are in contact with the labial suture between the sixth and the seventh supra- labial scale. Among lizards, Sceloporus serrifer is dis- tributed in northwestern Mexico but was reported for Querétaro by Nieto and Pérez (1999; UTEP-14564). This 292 specimen was later identified as Sceloporus cyanogenys by curators of the museum of the University of Texas at El Paso. Nevertheless, this specimen does not share external morphological characters with S. cyanogenys according to the information published by Smith (1939), and it may be a new species, which is currently under description. Therefore, we have not included in our list. Extrapolation Amphibians. Aquiloeurycea scandens and Pseudo- eurycea leprosa are entirely lacking records in available databases. Aquiloeurycea scandens is reported for Coa- huila, San Luis Potosi, and Tamaulipas (Raffaéli 2014; Frost 2021), while P. leprosa is reported for Puebla, Ver- acruz, Morelos, CDMX, Guerrero, and Oaxaca (Par- ra-Olea et al. 2012). Reptiles. Gerrhonotus liocephalus was reported from Querétaro by Cruz-Elizalde et al. (2019); however, molecular systematics and biogeography of Gerrhono- tus spp. (Garcia-Vazquez et al. 2018) have restricted the distribution of G. liocephalus to the Sierra Madre del Sur. Therefore, only two species are present in Queréta- ro, G. infernalis and G. ophiurus. The vipers Agkistro- don taylori (Cruz-Elizalde et al. 2019), C. triseriatus (Cruz-Elizalde et al. 2022), and C. ravus (Cruz-Elizalde et al. 2019) are species with no reliable information from Querétaro, even considering some new studies includ- ing several samples of C. ravus along its distribution Table A1. Taxonomic changes in the herpetofauna of Querétaro. Check List 19 (2) (Cisneros-Bernal et al. 2022), and for that reason, both species were not included in our list. Loss of specimens and confusion of localities Reptiles. Kinosternon scorpioides is distributed along the Pacific slope, and, although few records cross the mountainous masses that separate the Gulf coast- al plain from other biogeographic regions such as Trans-Mexican Volcano Belt, Sierra Madre Oriental, or Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, it is unlikely that this spe- cies occurs in Querétaro. The only specimen recorded from Querétaro is stored in the herpetology collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University (MCZ R-5311). This specimen came from Agua Blanca, Quintana Roo, while Dixon and Lemos (2010) reported K. scorpioides in Querétarofrom Agua Blanca, Amealco. It is probable that the similarities between the names and state abbreviations of the local- ities caused this confusion. Pseudoelaphe flavirufa was reported by Nieto and Pérez (1999) from the munici- pality of Pefamiller, Querétaro, and stored at Universi- ty of Texas at Arlington (UTA-14699). However, it was impossible to locate the specimen under that catalog number (Greg Pandelis pers. comm.). Pseudoelaphe fla- virufa has few records, especially in the northernmost part of its distribution. Therefore, due to the absence of the specimen, and because this species is confused with other species such as juveniles of Senticolis triaspis, we have not included in our list. Species Taxonomic change Reference Amphibians Craugastor loki Craugastor rhodopis Streicher et al. 2014 Ecnomiohyla miotympanum Rheohyla miotympanum Hyla arenicolor Hyla eximia Pseudoeurycea bellii Pseudoeurycea cephalica Rhinella marina Reptiles Ameiva undulata Barisia imbricata Cnemidophorus gularis Sceloporus torquatus Coluber flagellum Coluber mentovarius Coluber schotti Epictia goudotii Lampropeltis triangulum Oxybelis aeneus Coniophanes piceivittis Salvadora grahamiae Tropidodipsas sartorii Dryophytes arenicolor Dryophytes eximius Isthmura bellii Aquiloeurycea cephalica Rhinella horribilis Holcosus amphigrammus Barisia ciliaris Aspidoscelis gularis Sceloporus melanogaster Masticophis flagellum Masticophis mentovarius Masticophis schotti Epictia wynni Lampropeltis polyzona Oxybelis potosiensis Coniophanes taeniatus Salvadora lineata Geophis sartorii Duellman et al. 2016 Duellman et al. 2016 Duellman et al. 2016 Rovito et al. 2015 Rovito et al. 2015 Acevedo et al. 2016 Meza-Lazaro and Nieto-Montes de Oca 2015 Bryson et al. 2012 Reeder et al. 2002 Campillo et al., 2021 O’Connell et al. 2017 O’Connell et al. 2017 O’Connell et al. 2017 Wallach 2016 Ruane et al. 2014 Jadin et al. 2020 Palacios-Aguilar and Flores-Villela 2020 Hernandez-Jiménez et al. 2021 Grtinwald et al. 2021