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> PENSUFT.

NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Check List 14 (2): 431-437

https://doi.org/10.15560/14.2.431

New occurrences of Salicaceae from the Atlantic Forest and
Caatinga (Brazil)

Alvaro Nepomuceno, Marccus Alves

Programa de P6s-Graduacao em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botanica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Professor Moraes Rego,
s/n, Cidade Universitaria, CEP 50670—901, Recife, Pernambuco, PE, Brazil.
Corresponding author: Alvaro Nepomuceno, alvaronepomuceno567@gmail.com

Abstract

Based on new records, we expand the geographical distributions of 6 species of Salicaceae: Banara nitida Spruce
ex Benth., Casearia marquetei Nepom. & M. Alves, C. souzae R. Marquete & Mansano, Macrothumia kuhlmannii
(Sleumer) Alford, Xv/losma glaberrima Sleumer, and X. pseudosalzmanii Sleumer, from the Atlantic Forest and Caat-
inga. Illustrations of the diagnostic characters of the species, maps of geographic distribution, and a key for identifica-

tion of the genera of Salicaceae occurring in the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga are provided.

Key words

Banara, Casearia; geographical distribution; Flacourtiaceae; Macrothumia;, Xylosma.

Academic editor: Marcelo Trové | Received 21 December 2017 | Accepted 28 February 2018 | Published 6 April 2018

Citation: Nepomuceno A, Alves M (2018) New occurrences of Salicaceae from the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga (Brazil). Check List 14 (2):

431-437. https://doi.org/10.15560/14.2.431

Introduction

The Salicaceae (Malpighiales) are pantropical, with 3
subfamilies including 1010 species and 55 genera (APG
2016, Stevens 2001). Among them, Casearia Jacq. is the
most representative, and Macrothumia Alford is endemic
to Brazil (Alford 2006, Sleumer 1980). In Brazil, the
family has about 100 species and the most representative
genera are Banara Aubl. (9 spp.), Casearia (50 spp.),
and Xylosma G. Forst. (10 spp.) (BFG 2015, Marquete
and Mansano 2016). Species often occur in humid envi-
ronments in Amazonia (65 spp.) and the Atlantic Forest
(48 spp.), where the greatest diversity in the family is
recorded (BFG 2015). However, some species of Salica-
ceae can also grow in drier areas as found in the Caatinga
and Cerrado.

Banara has a Neotropical distribution with 30 species
and a center of diversity in the Amazon and Caribbean

(Sleumer 1980). In Brazil, is more diverse in the Amazon
with 5 species and Atlantic Forest with 6 species (BFG
2015). Only 2 species are recorded from the Cerrado,
1 from the Pantanal, and none from the Caatinga (BFG
2015). Casearia is a pantropical genus with 181 species
and a center of diversity in the tropics and subtropics of
the American continent (Marquete and Mansano 2016,
Nepomuceno and Alves 2017, Sleumer 1980). In Brazil,
the center of diversity 1s in the Amazon, with 30 species,
and in the Atlantic Forest, with 27 species (BFG 2015,
Marquete and Mansano 2016, Sleumer 1980). It is also
diverse on drier areas such as the Caatinga (9 spp.) and
the Cerrado (22 spp.) (BFG 2015, Marquete and Man-
sano 2016).

Macrothumia is a monospecific genus with a distri-
bution restricted to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Alford
2006, BFG 2015). It was originally named as Neosprucea

Copyright Nepomuceno and Alves. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

432

kuhlmannii Sleumer but transferred to the genus Mac-
rothumia (Alford 2006). Xy/osma is a pantropical genus
of 95 species, with Central and South America being its
center of diversity (Sleumer 1980). In Brazil, 6 species
are recorded from the Atlantic Forest, 5 from the Cerrado,
4 from the Amazon, and only 2 from the Caatinga (BFG
2015):

The Atlantic Forest 1s the second-largest block of
Neotropical vegetation and originally extended along the
entire Atlantic coast of Brazil to parts of Paraguay and
Argentina (Galindo-Leal and Camara 2003). The Caat-
inga is endemic to Brazil, occurring from the states of
Ceara and Piaui to northern Minas Gerais (Prado 2003).

Casearia marquetei Nepom. & M. Alves, C. souzae
R. Marquete & Mansano, and Macrothumia kuhlmannii
were described in recent years, all with narrow distribu-
tions, as was also the case for Banara nitida Spruce ex
Benth., Xv/osma glaberrima Sleumer, and X. pseudosalz-
manii Sleumer, which were described some decades ago.
Based on new records, we extend the geographic distri-
bution of these species to areas belonging to the Atlantic
Forest and Caatinga.

Methods

The new occurrences of the species were found during
field trips carried out in the states of Ceara, Pernambuco,
and Rio Grande do Norte, in addition to our study of
vouchers deposited at ALCB, CEPEC, HUEFS, MAC,
and UFRN herbaria. The herbaria acronyms are based
on Thiers (2018). The geographic coordinates of the col-
lected specimens were obtained using a Garmin eTrex
Venture HC GPS receiver. If this information was absent
at the specimen labels, the SpeciesLink database (http://
www.splink.org.br) was consulted. Maps were prepared
using software QGIS v. 2.18.6.

The morphological terminology follows Harris and
Harris (2001)

Results

Key to the genera of Salicaceae from the Atlantic For-
est and Caatinga

1 Plants with opposite leaves ........0..00000e Abatia
= “Plans swath alterate ledves: 4200 sql hase eden ale. 2

2 Plants armed with thorns, lacking stipules .. Xylosma
2' Plants unmanned or armed with aculei, with stipules

pe AR cones Pope Acres 1 Ye mG Race eee eS ree AR 3
3 Plants with foliaceous stipules, 4.0-10 x 3.0-8.0 mm
ee hd OO, EL A oe oO ae 4
3’ Plants without foliaceous stipules, 2.0—5.0 x 1.0—2.5
ETAL prc Ke Area Mee lack teas ee ee int Med hase ee 5)

4 Leaves trinerved; inflorescences terminal .....Prockia
4’ Leaves penninerved; inflorescences axillary... Azara

5 Plants with terminal inflorescences; glands at the

Check List 14 (2)

base of the leaf lamina present or absent ................ 6
5’ Plants with axillary inflorescences; glands at the base
Ole Loar Tam AMA SCM a fone T. rsa case, 2k 7

6 Leaves with margin slightly glandular-serrulate to
entire, glands 2 at the base of the leaf blade, sessile;
inflorescences with peduncle 1.0—1.5 cm long..........
kate oe Rn ie nc ner rey reo i ee Macrothumia

6’ Leaves with margin glandular-serrate, glands absent
or 1(—2) at the base of the leaf blade, stipitate; inflo-
rescences with peduncle 3.0-6.0 cm long .... Banara

7 Inflorescences in catkins (aments), flowers unsexed

ESA eT Rorentne ee an eer orien». Sax Puke recite 5c eae Salix
7' Inflorescences in corymbose cymes, fascicules or
umbels, flowers hermaphroditic .........0.000..cccce. 8
8 Flowers with nectariferous disc (staminodes) ..........
A Ake et amir de hae os hen yd aac aa ete eae Casearia
8’ Flowers lacking nectariferous disc (staminodes) ......
Lames Meds ctdee btiemab lePa thre puna tases Retna Jtagal eas Laetia

Banara nitida Spruce ex Benth., Journal of the Proceed-
ings of the Linnean Society, Botany 5(Suppl. 2): 93. 1861.

Figures 1A, B, 2A

Trees 5.0-8.0 m tall. Branches cylindrical, glabrous,
lenticellate. Leaves alternate, leaf blade 5.0—10(—12) x
3.0-5.0 cm, elliptical, chartaceous to coriaceous, gla-
brous on both surface, base cuneate, apex acute, margin
glandular-serreate, gland 1 at the base of the leaf blade,
stipitate, patent, glabrous, black. Inflorescences 1(—2),
racemiform, terminal, peduncle 2.0-4.0 cm long, cylin-
drical, glabrous. Flowers with pedicel 5.0-10 mm long,
cylindrical, glabrous; calyx 3(—4)-merous, sepals 4.0—6.0
x 3.0-4.0 mm, oblongs, tomentose; corolla 3(-4), petals
isomerous of sepals. Berries 15 mm in diameter, subglo-
bose, glabrous. Seeds not seen.

Banara nitida was previously believed to be restricted
to the Amazon phytogeographical domain, occurring in
lowland forests in Brazil and montane forests in Colom-
bia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela (Sleumer 1980).
We expand the geographic distribution to the Caatinga
domain (Fig. 2A). It was collected in the semi-arid region
of the state of Ceara in an area above 800 m with vegeta-
tion of semideciduous seasonal forest in crystalline soils.
It is morphologically similar to Banara argura Briq., but
can be distinguished by having glabrous leaves (vs pilose
leaves) and glabrous inflorescence peduncles and flower
pedicels (vs tomentose peduncles and pedicels). Accord-
ing to Gentry (1993), it is possible to identify plants that
belong to the genus Banara using vegetative characters.
This new record reinforces the connection between the
Amazon and Atlantic Forest along the coast of the state
of Ceara, through the Brejos de Altitude (Maciel et al.
2017).

Examined material. Brazil, Ceara: Pacatuba, Serra da
Aratanha (—03.98417, —038.6203), 12.VIH.2017, ste.
F-A.A. Nepomuceno 329 (HUVA).

P)

Nepomuceno and Alves | New occurrences of Salicaceae 433

Sy

mA.
WS

NAAN
uA saa (iS

i
MA :
. “ a

=_
x
am |
ae a
—
ae
=
7

Figure 1. Diagnostic characters of the new records in Salicaceae for the Brazilian Northeast. A, B. Banara nitida: (A) leaf blade; (B) detail of
base of leaf blade with gland; from F.A.A. Nepomuceno 329 (HUVA). C-D. Casearia marquetei: (C) leaf blade; (D) ovary, stamens and lobes
of the nectariferous disc; from F.A.A. Nepomuceno 288 (UFP). E-H. Casearia souzae: (E) leaf blade; (F) detail of apex of leaf blade; (G) flower;
(H) capsule; from G. Costa 815 (HUEFS; UFRN). I-K. Macrothumia kuhImannii: (1) leaf blade; (J) detail of base of leaf blade with glands; (K)
inflorescences; from M.T. Monteiro 21884 (HST, HUEFS). L-O. Xylosma glaberrima: (L) branch; (M) detail of base of leaf blade with glands; (N)
male flower; (O) berries; L-N from J. Jardim et al. 6609 and O from J. Jardim et al. 6641 (UFRN). P-Q. Xylosma pseudosalzmannii: (P) leaf blade;

(Q) berry; from M.L. Guedes 5277 (ALCB; CEPEC).

434

4°0.000’S

vi
°
°
a
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o

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12°0.000’S

lant

r Banara nitida

"

°

State | °

MS CAATINGA MINAS GERAIS 500 0 500 100015002000km Js

WE AMAZONIA a x
48°0.000’W 44°0.000’W 40°0.000’W 36°0.000’'W

Check List 14 (2)

t)
~

°
=)
2
=)
°

C)

12°0.000’S

@ Casearia marquetei
(J State
i CAATINGA
GS MATA ATLANTICA
|
48°0.000’W

16°0.000’S

44°0.000’W 40°0.000'W

Figure 2. Geographical distribution of (A) Banara nitida and (B) Casearia marquetei.

Additional examined material. Brazil, Amazonas:
Uarini, left bank of the Mamiruara river (—02.99000,
—065.1082), 17. XII.1993, f1., fr., N.A. Rosa 5662 (HUEEFS).

Casearia marquetei Nepom. & M. Alves, Phytotaxa
311(3): 297-300. 2017.

Figures 1C, D, 2B

Trees 4.0-6.0 m tall. Branches cylindrical, pubescent,
densely lenticellate. Leaves alternate, leaf blade 6.0—10
(-12) x 2.5-4.0 cm, oblong-elliptical to elliptical, charta-
ceous to subcoriaceous, glabrous on both surface, base
cuneate, apex acuminate, margin glandular-serrulate.
Inflorescences 8—12, umbelliform, axillary, multiflorous,
peduncle 4.0-6.0 mm long, cylindrical, tomentose to pubes-
cent. Flowers with pedicels 4.0-5.0 mm long, cylindrical,
articulated at the middle, tomentose to pubescent; calyx
5-merous, sepals 3.0—4.0 x 1.2—2.0 mm, oblong, glabrous
to puberulous. Capsules 2.0—3.0 x 3.0-3.5 mm, ovoid,
glabrous. Seeds 2.0 x 1.0 mm, oblong, glabrous, brownish,
testa reticulate-foveolate, partially covered by a white aril.

Casearia marquetei is a recently described Brazilian
endemic that was believed to be restricted to the states of
Paraiba and Pernambuco in Coastal Lowland Forests and
Sub-montane Forests locally known as Brejos de Altitude
(Nepomuceno and Alves 2017). In Bahia, this species
occurs in the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga, being a new
record for this last domain (Fig. 2B). Our new record from
the Caatinga (Bahia, municipality of Caetité) is an area in
dry semi-arid region, where the altitude reaches up to 800
m. This species can be recognized by its oblong-elliptical
to elliptical leaves, the glabrous inner surface of the
sepals, the oblong and densely pilose nectariferous lobes
and glabrous stigma (Nepomuceno and Alves 2017).

Examined material. Brazil, Bahia: Abaira, estrada
para Piaté (—013.2497, —041.6636), 14.11.1992, fl., L.P.
Queiroz 2617 (CEPEC); Caetité, Fazenda Baixa Grande
(—014.116667, —042.5), 12.1.2010, fl., LZ Alves et al.
221 (HUEFS); Esplanada, Jandaira (—012.035556,
—037.703889), 03.III.2012, fl., FS. Gomes 1094 (ALCB);
Lencois, Assentamento Rio Bonito (—012.596944,
—041.362778), 03.VI.2001, fl., L.J. Alves 144 (CEPEC).
Paraiba: Joao Pessoa, Mata do Buraquinho (—07.137364,
—034.856676), 07.X1.2016, fl., fr., A.A. Nepomuceno 288
(UFP). Pernambuco: Bonito (—08.508472, —035.721722),
10.11.1967, fl., D. Andrade-Lima 67-4933 (IPA).

Casearia souzae R. Marquete & Mansano, Journal of
Systematics and Evolution 51(2): 228. 2013.

Figures 1E, H, 3A

Trees 4.0-6.0 m tall. Branches cylindrical, pubes-
cente, sparingly lenticellate. Leaves alternate, leaf
blade 5.0-8.0(-10) x 1.5-3.0 cm, elliptical to slightly
oblong, chartaceous, glabrous on both surface, base
cuneate to obtuse, apex acute with apicule, margin glan-
dular-serreate. Inflorescences 18—22, fasciculate, axillary,
multiflorous, sessile. Flowers with pedicels 3.0-5.0 mm
long., cylindrical, articulated at the middle, pubescente;
calyx 5-merous, sepals 3.0-4.0 x 2.0-3.5 mm, obovate
to oblong, pubescent. Capsules 3.0—5.0 x 3.0—-2.0 mm,
ovate, glabrous. Seeds not seen.

Casearia souzae is endemic to Brazil and has been
described as restricted to the states of Espirito Santo
and Rio de Janeiro where it lives in dense forests and
on rocky outcrops (Marquete and Mansano 2013). The
occurrence of this species in the states of Alagoas, Bahia,
Minas Gerais, Paraiba, Pernambuco, and Rio Grande

48°0.000 W

Nepomuceno and Alves | New occurrences of Salicaceae

i
°
r=)
am he
3
°o
)

12°0.000’S

16°0.000’S

a Casearia souzae | MINAS 'GERE

[) State

Ml CAATINGA.
( MATA ATLANTICA

44°0.000'W

500 QO 500 1000 1500 2000 km
aE as)

36°0.000'W

40°0.000'W

435

8°0.000’S

cau) Macrothumia kuhImannii
[_] State

i CAATINGA.
[i MATA ATLANTICA

40°0.000’'W

|
500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 km
Es ZZ)

36°0.000'W

Figure 3. Geographical distribution of (A) Casearia souzae and (B) Macrothumia kuhImannii.

do Norte is here confirmed (Fig. 3A). Some of our new
records are from the Caatinga and lowland forest north
of the Sao Francisco River. As in other species, the new
records reveal that it can grow in different habitats and
physiognomies, including areas of secondary vegetation
and ecotones. Previously cited specimens were found
among exsiccates misidentified under C. arborea (Rich.)
Urb. and C. sylvestris Sw. However, C. souzae can be dif-
ferentiated from C. arborea by having glands dispersed
over the leaf blade, sepals and ovary (vs glands absent
on the leaf blade, sepals, and ovary) and sessile inflo-
rescences (vs pedunculate inflorescences), and from C.
sylvestris also by having glands on the leaf blade, sepals,
and ovary (vs glands lacking on the leaf blade, sepals,
and ovary), obovate sepals (vs ovate sepals), and capi-
tate stigma (vs trilobed stigma) (Marquete and Mansano
2016, Nepomuceno and Alves 2017).

Examined material. Brazil, Alagoas: Palmeira dos
Indios, Fazenda Fortaleza, Serra das Pias (—09.32383,
—035.49581), 21.VI.2008, fl., RP. Lyra-Lemos 11154
(MAC). Bahia: Barra do Mendes (—011.808333,
—042.191111), 27.1.2001, fl., ML. Guedes 8176 (ALCB,
CEPEC); Boa Nova, Parque Nacional de Boa Nova
(-014.176389, —039.731944), 02.01.2013, fl, LYS.
Aona 2085 (HUEFS); Cruz das Almas, Mata da Cazuz-
inha (—012.033333, —040.483333), 05.11.2013, fl., G.
Costa 815 (HUEFS, UFRN); Itagiba, Mata do Lateritico
(—013.863889, —040.081667), 113.VII.2009, fl., ML.
Guedes 16338 (ALCB); Itirugu (—013.4411, 040.4308),
1.1988, fl., 2 Sobral & L.A.M. Silva 5836 (CEPEC);
Jequié, Morro da Torre (—013.5317, -040.1503),
13.IV.2007, fl., L.P. Queiroz 12965 (HUEFS); Maracas,
Fazenda do Cabloco (-013.44110, -—040.43080),
27.11.2000, fl., RP. Oliveira 401; Mundo Novo, Fazenda

Jequitiba, 12.V.2006, fl., PA. Melo 18 (HUEFS); Senhor
do Bonfim, Serra da Maravilha (—010.4614, —040.1894),
28.VII.2005, fl., RW Castro 1244 (HUEFS). Minas
Gerais: Salto da Divisa (—016.0028, -—039.9469),
31.1.2004, fl., WW. Thomas 13715 (CEPEC). Paraiba,
Pedras de Fogo, Usina Central Olho D’agua, Fazenda
Livramento (—07.40194, —035.1164), 23.1.2001, f1., 1A.
Bayama 611 (MAC). Pernambuco, Jaqueira, Serra do
Urubu, Mata do Jasmin (—08.6583, —035.9), 19.[X.2017,
ste., F‘A.A. Nepomuceno 360 (UFP). Rio Grande do
Norte, Ceara—Mirim, Fazenda Diamante (—05.583528,
—035.428022), 25.V.2015, fr., TS. Coutinho 255 (UFP).

Macrothumia kuhlmannii (Sleumer) Alford, Novon
16(3): 296. 2006.

Figures 11, K, 3B

Trees 3.0—5.0 m tall. Branches cylindrical, glabrous to
sparingly hirsute, lenticellate. Leaves alternate, leaf
blade 7.0-10 x 4.0-5.0 cm, ovate, chartaceous to sub-
coriaceous, glabrous on both surface, base attenuate to
rounded, apex acute, margin glandular-serrulate, primary
vein (3), glands 2 at the base of the leaf blade, sessile,
concave, glabrous, black. Inflorescences 1—2, racemi-
form, terminal, 3—5 flowers, peduncle 1.0—-1.5 cm long,
cylindrical, tomentose. Flowers with pedicel 5.0-15 mm
long, cylindrical, articulate at the base, tomentose; calyx
5-merous, sepals 8.0—10 x 3.0—5.0 mm, elliptical, tomen-
tose. Capsule not seen.

Macrothumia kuhImannii, endemic to the Atlantic Forest
to Brazil, was described as restricted to the states of Bahia,
Espirito Santo, and Minas Gerais (Alford 2006). Our
samples from Alagoas were collected in the understory of
fragments of lowland ombrophilous forests (Fig. 3B).

436

8°0.000’S

12°0.000’S

@ Xylosma glaberrima
[J State

Hl CAATINGA.
Gl MATA ATLANTICA

44°0.000’W

500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 km
RE |

16°0.000’S

36°0,.000’'W

40°0.000’W

Check List 14 (2)

@ Xylosma pseudosalzmanii
State |

GS CAATINGA 500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 km
HS) MATA ATLANTICA a

44°0.000’W

36°0.000’'W

40°0.000'W

Figure 4. Geographical distribution of (A) Xylosma glaberrima and (B) Xylosma pseudosalzmannii.

Examined material. Brazil, Alagoas: Sao Miguel
dos Campos, Mata do Beque (—09.78111, —036.0936),
03.1.1968, fl., M7’ Monteiro 21884 (AST, HUEEFS).

Xylosma glaberrima Sleumer, Flora Neotropica, Mono-
graph 22: 175-176. 1980.

Figures 1L, O, 4A

Tree 4.0-6.0 m tall. Branches cylindrical, glabrous,
lenticellate. Thorns 3.0-6.0 cm long, cylindrical. Leaves
alternate, blade 9.0—-12 x 3.0-4.5 cm, elliptic, chartaceous
to subcoriaceous, glabrous on both surface, cuneate base,
acute to short-acuminate apex, margin gland-serrated,
glands 2 on the base of the leaf blade. Inflorescences
12—18(—20), fascicule, axillary, multiflorous, sessile.
Male flowers with pedicels 5-6 mm long, cylindrical,
articulated in the medial portion, glabrous; 5-merous,
sepals 2.0—3.0 x 1.5—2.0 mm, ovate, glabrous on the sur-
face, ciliated at the margin. Female flowers with pedicels
5.0-8.0 mm long, glabrous, cylindrical, articulated in the
middle portion; 5-merous calyx, sepals 2.5—3.0 x 1.5—2.2
mm, ovate, glabrous on the surface, ciliated at the mar-
gin. Berries 5.0-10 mm in diameter, globose, glabrous,
smooth in the field, rough after herborization, vinaceous
to black. Seeds angular to varied shapes, glabrous,
smooth, yellow, absent aryl.

Xylosma glaberrima is endemic to Brazil and was ini-
tially known from the states of Parana, Rio de Janeiro,
and Sao Paulo, where it occurs in dense forests and rest-
ingas of the Atlantic Forest (Sleumer 1980). Here, it 1s
recorded from the state of Rio Grande do Norte, where
it was found in forested restinga vegetation at Mata da
Pipa State Park (Fig. 4A). This record reinforces the
connection between the more humid southern part of the

Atlantic Forest to its much drier northern part (Barbosa
1996). In addition, we highlight the difference in altitude
and rainfall between these 2 areas of Atlantic Forest
(Pereira 2009). This species is morphologically similar
to X. prockia (Turcz.) Turcz. due to the morphology of
the leaf blade and apex. However, it can be distinguished
by having 2 discoid glands at the base of the leaf blade
(vs glands absent on the leaf blade) and flowers with
glabrous pedicels (vs flowers with puberulous pedicels).

Examined material. Brazil, Rio Grande do Norte: Tibau
do Sul, Parque Estadual da Mata da Pipa (—06.245833,
—035.055556), 26.]I1.2014, fl. J Jardim et al. 6609
(UFRN), 26.111.2014, fl., fr., J. Jardim et al. 6641 (UFRN).

Xylosma pseudosalzmanii Sleumer, Lilloa 26:44. 1953.
Figures 1P, Q, 4B

Shrub 2 m tall. Branches cylindrical, glabrous, rough, len-
ticellate. Thorns 2.0—3.0 cm long, cylindrical, glabrous.
Leaves alternate, blade 6.0-8.0 x 3.0-4.0 cm, elliptic,
chartaceous to subcoriaceous, glabrous on both surface,
cuneate base, acuminate apex, margin gland-serrated,
glands absent. Inflorescences 10—14, fascicule, axillary,
multiflorous, sessile. Male flowers with pedicels 3.0-4.0
mm long, cylindrical, articulated in the base, glabrous;
5-merous, sepals 2—2.5 x 1.5—2.0 mm, ovate, glabrous,
slightly pilose at the margin. Female flowers with pedi-
cels 4.0-6.0 mm long, cylindrical, articulated in the base,
glabrous; 5-merous, sepals 2.0—3.0 x 1.5—2.5 mm, ovate,
glabrous, slightly pilose at the margin. Berries 6.0—8.0
mm in diameter, globose, glabrous, smooth, vinaceous.
Seeds not seen.

Xylosma pseudosalzmanii was earlier reported from
Argentina and Paraguay, where it occurs in gallery for-

i
°
S
2
S
°

)

12°0.000’S

16°0.000’S

Nepomuceno and Alves | New occurrences of Salicaceae

ests, and in Brazil from the states of Parana, Rio Grande
do Sul, Santa Catarina, and Sao Paulo in dense forests
and gallery forests (Sleumer 1980, BFG 2015). It is here
recorded from the state of Bahia, in the municipality of
Caetité (Fig. 4B). The new record is in Deciduous Forests,
which shows that this species can live in drier habitats.
Torres and Ramos (2007) considered X. pseudosalzmanii
a synonym of X. tweediana (Clos) Eichler due to the
overlap of vegetative characters and geographical dis-
tribution. However, both species are currently accepted
(BFG 2015). Xylosma pseudosalzmanii has flowers with
pedicels glabrous and articulated at the base, but in_X.
tweediana, they are puberulous and articulated in the
middle portion.

Examined material. Brazil, Bahia: Caetité, Fazenda
Baixa Grande (—014.116667, —042.5), 09.11.1997, fr.,
MLL. Guedes 5277 (ALCB, CEPEC).

Discussion

The new occurrences reported here confirm that several
species of Salicaceae also grow in dry areas such as in
the Caatinga. This was not previously known for these
taxa, which were known only from humid areas. Our
results corroborate the theories proposed by Cavalcanti
and Tabarelli (2004) and Maciel et al. (2017), that there is
a connection between the Amazon and the Atlantic Forest
through the coastal areas of the state of Ceara. The new
records also confirm the co-occurrence of these species
along the Atlantic Forest of the Northeastern, Southern
and Southeastern Brazil, as found in other species (Bar-
borsa 1996, Pereira 2009).

Acknowledgements

We thank to the FACEPE for funding support. The authors
thank Regina Carvalho for the drawings and Scott Heald
for the English review.

Authors’ Contributions

AN analyzed and identified the species in the herbarium
and during the collection expeditions, as well as prepared
the maps. MA revised the text and commented on the
species.

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