“O Check List weir oc af ey | J . Fr. NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Check List 14 (2): 387-392 » https://doi.org/10.15560/14.2.387 PENSUFT. Expanding the geographical distribution of Astyanax biotae Castro & Vari, 2004 (Characiformes, Characidae), with comments on its conservation status Carlos Alexandre Miranda Oliveira,' Anielly Galego de Oliveira,! Carla Simone Pavanelli? 1 Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Programa de Pés-Gradua¢ao em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquaticos Continentais, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020- 900 Maringa, PR, Brazil. 2 Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pés-Gradua¢ao em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquaticos Continentais, Nucleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia), Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringa, PR, Brazil. Corresponding author: Carlos Alexandre Miranda Oliveira, carlos. oliveira.itape@gmail.com. Abstract Astyanax biotae Castro & Vari, 2004 was only known from the type locality, a first-order stream from the lower Paranapanema River, a left bank tributary from the upper Parana river basin. We report A. biotae from the Ivinhema River, rio do Peixe and other tributaries of Paranapanema River, expanding its distribution to both margins of the Parana River. Astyanax biotae is zooplanktivorous and regarding its conservation status, can be classified as Least Concern. Key words Neotropics; Ivinhema River; rio do Peixe; Paranapanema River; South America. Academic editor: Mariangeles Arce Hernandez | Received 20 July 2017 | Accepted 16 December 2017 | Published 23 March 2018 Citation: Oliveira CAM, de Oliveira AG, Pavanelli CS (2018) Expanding the geographical distribution of Astvanax biotae Castro & Vari, 2004 (Characiformes, Characidae), with comments on its conservation status. Check List 14 (2): 387-392. https://do1.org/10.15560/14.2.387 Introduction monophyletic clade (Mirande 2010, Rossini et al. 2016). The most encompassing taxonomic revision of Astyanax The upper Parana river basin, which comprises the region was made by Eigenmann (1910, 1917, 1921, 1927) who upstream of Itaipu Reservoir (Agostinho and Julio Jr proposed the current definition of the genus. Following 1999, Graca and Pavanelli 2007), represents one of the Eigenmann (1921), the genus is diagnosed by a combina- best sampled rivers in Brazil (Castro et al. 2005, Gracga tion of characters: 2 rows of premaxillary teeth, 5 teeth and Pavanelli 2007, Langeani et al. 2007). in the inner premaxillary series, lateral line complete, Among the hundreds of fish species that inhabit the —_ adipose fin present and caudal fin naked. upper Parana River, there are 7 species of Astvanax Baird Astyanax biotae Castro & Vari, 2004 (Fig. 1) was & Girard, 1854 (Lima et al. 2003, Graga and Pavanelli described from a single locality, a first-order stream situ- 2007, Langeani et al. 2007, Vari and Castro 2007, Garutti ated about 2.5 km from the mouth of the Paranapanema and Langeani 2009, Lucena and Soares 2016). Astyvanax _ River, left bank of upper Parana River. Thirteen years is one of the most diverse genera in the Characidae after its description, A. biotae 1s still only known from (Schmitter-Soto 2017). The genus is widely distributedin its type locality. The examination of Astyanax samples the Neotropics (Casciotta et al. 2005) and does notforma deposited at the DZSJRP (Departamento de Zoologia e Copyright Oliveira et al. This isan open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 388 Check List 14 (2) Figure 1. Astyanax biotae. A. MZUSP 79807, paratype, 42.5 mm SL, Parana state, municipality of Diamante do Norte, cérrego Agua Mole, affluent of Paranapanema River, 22°38’31" S, 052°48’59" W. B. MZUEL 4529, topotype, 55.0 mm SL. C. NUP 15137, 44.1 mm SL, Mato Grosso do Sul state, municipality of Jatei, Peroba creek, affluent of lvinhema River, 22°54’54” S, 053°39'07”" W. Oliveira et al. | Astyanax biotae in the upper rio Parana basin 389 Table 1. Morphological data of Astyanax biotae. OD = original description, data from Castro and Vari (2004). Paratypes = 14; Topotypes = 7; New localities = 28 specimens analyzed. Distance from pelvic to anal-fin origins Gill-rakers on upper/lower branch 6/11 Characters OD Min-Max 31.2-52.5 Morphometric Percentages of Standard Length Predorsal distance 50.4-56.9 Prepelvic distance 45.7-49.8 Prepectoral distance Preanal distance 61.4-66.8 Body depth 34.7-41.8 Caudal peduncle depth 10.9-13.7 Caudal peduncle length 9.4-12.8 Dorsal-fin length 26.8-30.8 Pelvic-fin length 16.0-19.2 Pectoral-fin length 19.2-24.4 Anal-fin length Length of anal-fin base 29.1-39.6 Head length 25.4-28.7 Distance from eye to dorsal fin Distance from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic—fin origin Percentages of Head Length Snout length 23.5-29.3 Upper jaw length Orbital diameter 31.9-40.0 Interorbital distance 34.8-40.9 Meristic Humeral spots 2 Teeth of external series/maxilla 4/1 Dentary massive teeth 4 Symphyseal tooth cusps 4 2"¢ and 3 teeth cusps of internal series 5 Maxilla cusps 3-5 Lateral line scales 32-35 Series of scales above/under lateral line 6-7/4-5 Predorsal scales 10-14 Circumpeduncular scales 13-15 Scales covering base of anal fin Dorsal-fin rays ii, 9 Pectoral-fin rays i, 10-12 Pelvic-fin rays i, 6-7 Anal-fin rays ii-iv, 22-26 Color Humeral spots Vertical Inconspicuous Paratypes Topotypes New localities Min-Max Min-Max Min-Max 35.5-44.8 40.2-55.0 30.5-44.1 50.7-52.7 50.1-54.2 50.5-56.5 46.1-49.3 45.1-47.9 45.2-49.2 27.7-28.8 26.8-28.5 26.8-30.6 61.4-65.5 61.9-64.8 60.9-65.3 35.2-41.1 35.4-41.3 35.1-41.9 11.5-13.1 12.4-13.8 10.7-12.5 11.4-13.8 11.6-13.8 9.8-13.6 28.2-29.9 26.0-30.8 26.5-31.8 17.3-19.7 16.2-18.6 16.8-19.1 21.8-24.9 21.4-23.1 19.6-24.9 18.4-23.7 17.2-21.4 20.3-23.7 31.7-36.9 33.2-35.3 30.7-36.3 26.1-28.2 25.9-27.1 26.8-28.9 38.9-42.5 39.0-43.0 37.8-43.9 17.1-21.4 17.3-22.3 18.2-22.6 16.3-19.4 15.2-18.6 15.1-18.8 23.9-25.3 22.2-27.2 22.3-26.8 39.8-46.4 39.2-46.6 39.7-44.8 38.1-41.6 33.5-36.9 35.5-41.4 35.0-40.1 35.8-41.7 35.5-40.5 2 2 2 4-5/1-2 3-4/1 3-5/1-2 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 3-5 3-5 3-5 32-35 33-35 32-35 6-7/4-5 6-7/5 6-7/5 10-12 10-11 10-13 13-14 12-14 13-15 10-14 9-15 9-18 ii, 9 ii, 9 ii. 9 i, 10-12 i, 11-12 i. 11-13 i, 6-7 i, 7 i. 6-7 iii-iv, 22-26 iii-iv, 22-26 iii-v. 21-26 6-8/10-11 6-7/10-12 6-8/10-12 Vertical Vertical Vertical Inconspicuous Inconspicuous Inconspicuous Lateral body stripe Botanica da Universidade Julio de Mesquita Filho, Sao José do Rio Preto, Brazil) and NUP (Colecao Ictiologica do Nucleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Maringa, Brazil) fish collections previously identified as Astyanax sp. resulted in the first record of A. biotae in additional tributaries of right and left banks of the rio Parana. Methods Counts and measurements were taken following Fink and Weitzman (1974) and Menezes and Weitzman (1990), except for number of scales series below the lateral line, which follows Bertaco and Lucena (2006). Additional measurements include: (1) the distance from pectoral- to pelvic-fin origins; (2) the distance from pelvic- to anal-fin origins. Measurements were taken point-to-point using a digital caliper to the nearest 0.1 mm, on the left side of the fish. All measurements are expressed as percent- ages of SL, except those subunits of the head, which are expressed as percentages of head length (HL). In Table 1, proportions were rounded to 0.1%. The comparative diagnosis for the following species 390 was based on the morphological data taken from lit- erature: Astyanax aramburui Protogino, Miquelarena & Lopes, 2006, A. /atens Mirande, Aguilera & Azpelicueta, 2004, A. tupi Azpelicueta, Mirande, Almiron & Casciotta, 2003 and A. saguazu Casciotta, Almiron & Azpelicueta, 2003 (from their original descriptions); A. correntinus (Holmberg, 1891) and A. pelegrini Eigenmann, 1907 (from Mirande et al. 2006); A. erythropterus (Holmberg, 1891) (from Soneira et al. 2010); A. stenohalinus Mess- ner, 1962 (from Almiron et al. 2010). Abbreviations of ichthyological collections are: DZSJRP (Departamento de Zoologia e Botanica, Sao Paulo State University, Sao José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil); MZUEL (Museu de Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil); MZUSP (Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil); NUP, and USNM (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA). Stomachs of 10 A. biotae were analyzed by the volu- metric method (Hyslop 1980). The identification of the organisms was done under a stereoscopic microscope, and with the help of literature for the lowest possible taxonomic level. Results Materials examined. Brazil, upper Parana River drainage. Type specimens: MZUSP 79807, 4 of 10, 35.5—44.8 mm SL, Parana state, municipality of Diamante do Norte, cérrego Agua Mole, tributary of Paranapanema River, 22°38'31" S, 052°48'59" W, 7 Aug. 2000, R.M.C. Castro et al. USNM 373492, 10 of 15, 43.8-52.0 mm SL, same data. Topotypes: MZUEL 4529, 7 of 23, 40.2-55.0 mm SL, 11 Dec 2008, F.C. Jerep, E.S. Silva & A. Souza. New localities: DZSJRP 7510, 5 of 18, 30.5—-38.1 mm SL, Mato-Grosso do Sul state, municipality of Angélica, cérrego da Egua, tributary of Ivinhema River, 22°10'30" S, 053°50'10"” W, 22 Apr. 2005, H.F. Chaves & L.G.G. Silveira. DZSJRP 13285, 6 of 7, 21.0-39.5 mm SL, Sao Paulo state, municipality of Planalto do Sul, stream tri- butary of Corrego da Lagoa next the urban perimeter, tributary of Parana River, 22°18'05" S, 52°14'05" W, 30 Oct. 2011, A.R. Manzotti & G.H. Baviera. DZSJRP 14336, 5 of 5, 33.6-38.0 mm SL, Sao Paulo state, muni- cipality of Planalto do Sul, stream tributary of Corrego da Lagoa next the urban perimeter, tributary of Parana River, 22°18'06" S, 52°14'16" W, 30 Oct. 2011, AR. Manzotti & G.H. Baviera. DZSJRP 14384, 1 of 1, 27.7 mm SL, Sao Paulo state, municipality of Estrela do Norte, stream Agua da Divisa at Alvorada farm, tributary of Rebojo stream, rio Paranapanema sub-basin, 22°33'33" S, 51°43'09" W, 25 Sept. 2011, A.R. Manzotti & G.H. Baviera. DZSJRP 16455, 1 of 1, 34.3 mm SL, Sao Paulo state, municipality of Dracena, Prado stream, rio do Peixe sub-basin, 21°38'59" S, 51°32'36" W, M. Tassoni Filho, 14 Dec. 2011. NUP 15137, 10 of 18, 35.6—-44.1 mm SL, Mato Grosso do Sul state, municipality of Jatei, Check List 14 (2) Peroba creek at Parque Estadual das Varzeas do Rio Ivi- nhema (PEVRI), affluent of rio Ivinhema, 22°54'54" S, 53°39'07" W, 15 Nov. 2012, A.G. Oliveira. Identification. Astyanax biotae (Table 1) differs from all congeners inhabiting La Plata River basin, except A. latens (Bermejo River); A. aramburui, A. correntinus, A. erythropterus, A. pelegrini and A. tupi (lower Parana—Par- aguay River); A. stenohalinus and A. saguazu (Uruguay River) by having the terminus of the dorsal-fin base situ- ated along the vertical through branched anal-fin rays (vs through unbranched anal-fin rays or anterior to anal-fin origin). Astyanax biotae, by having 32-35 lateral line scales, differs from A. aramburui (vs 38-42), A. correnti- nus (vs 39-42), A. erythropterus (vs 49-54), A. latens (vs 37-38), A. pelegrini (vs 46-52), A. saguazu (vs 37-39) and A. stenohalinus (vs 37-39). From A. tupi, it differs by having 17-21 gill-rakers (vs 24-25). Astyanax biotae is not assigned to any Astyanax species complex cur- rently recognized for the genus. The following characters distinguish A. biotae from Astyanax species complexes: presence of a vertically elongate black humeral blotch (vs humeral blotch horizontally elongate, oval-shaped in A. bimaculatus species complex, see Garutti and Langeani 2009); presence of 22—26 anal-fin rays (vs 25 or more in A. fasciatus species complex, see Melo and Buckup 2006 and vs 13 to 23 in A. scabripinnis species complex, see Bertaco and Lucena 2006). Discussion The discovery of A. biotae in 2004 was a result of the extensive fauna study implemented by the Program BIOTA/FAPESP through the thematic project “Fish diversity of the headwaters and streams of the upper Parana river system in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil”. Castro and Vari (2004) described A. biotae solely based on material from the lower Paranapanema River, its type locality. The type locality of A. biotae is a first order creek surrounded by a narrow area of native vegetation. For that reason, Castro and Vari (2004) suggested that the species may be at risk of extinction since the area was threatened by several anthropogenic activities (e.g. deforestation, extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural practices). Here we report that A. biotae also occurs in So Paulo state (rio do Peixe basin, and tributaries of lower Paranapanema River and Parana River, all left bank of upper Parana River) and Mato Grosso do Sul state (Ivinhema River basin, right bank of upper Parana River) (Fig. 2). Even though the known geographic distribution of A. biotae is still restricted to a relatively small area in the upper Parana drainage and most sites are threatened by anthropogenic activities, no threats were detected in rio Ivinhema at Parque Estadual das Varzeas do Rio Ivinhema (PEVRI) (Fig. 3). Therefore, A. biotae can be classified as Least Concern, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature criteria IUCN 2017). Oliveira et al. | Astyanax biotae in the upper rio Parana basin "55.0 -20.0 -55.0 p ek 391 anema ANG 2 Kee, fy U ih. £ z -50.0 -45.0 Figure 2. Map of Central Brazil showing the records of Astyanax biotae. Red star indicates the type locality and yellow dots new records for the species. Figure 3. Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul state, municipality of Jatei, Peroba creek at Parque Estadual das Varzeas do Rio Ivinhema (PEVRI), affluent of lvinhema River, 22°54’54” S, 053°39’07" W, local- ity of collection of Astyanax biotae. The feeding habits for the specimens from rio Ivin- hema were also determined. Astyanax biotae can be considered zooplanktivorous, as more than 80% of its diet was composed by microcrustaceans, mainly Copep- oda. The other items consumed were chironomid larvae, ephemeropteran naiads, and fruits. Acknowledgements We are grateful to Gabriel Depra (Universidade Estad- ual de Maringa, UEM) for taking all the pictures and Francisco Langeani (DZSJRP), Fernando Jerep, José Birindeli, and Oscar Shibatta (MZUEL), Alessio Datovo, Mario de Pinna, and Osvaldo Oyakawa (MZUSP), Jeff Clayton, Lynne Parenti, Sandra Raredon, and Rich- ard Vari (USNM), for assistance during visits to their institutions or for loaning material used in this study. The Nucleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia) of the Universidade Estadual de Maringa (UEM) provided logistical support. This work is part of the first author’s (CAMO) post-doctorate sup- ported by CAPES scholarship. AGO is supported by CAPES-PROEX. CSP author has been supported by grants from the CNPq (Process # 308946/2012-0). Authors’ Contributions CAMO and CSP made the taxonomic study, AGO made the diet and reproductive analyzes and CAMO wrote the text. 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