Title
Hand and foot musculature of anura : structure, homology, terminology, and synapomorphies for major clades
Title Variants
Alternative:
Anuran hand and foot musculature
Related Titles
Series:
Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 443
By
Blotto, Boris L.
, author
Pereyra, Martín O.,
, author
Grant, Taran, 1972-
, author
Faivovich, Julián
, author
Type
Book
Material
Published material
Publication info
[New York], American Museum of Natural History, [2020]
Notes
"Issued November 6, 2020."
Although studies of anuran hand and foot musculature began in the first half of the 19th century, all studies to date have been taxonomically or anatomically restricted in scope, and none has considered the diversity of autopodial myology in Anura as a whole. As a model for future comparisons, we thoroughly describe the hand and foot musculature of an arboreal species (the hylid Triprion petasatus), define the layers in which these muscles are arranged, and attribute presumed functions. On the basis of our myological analysis of 155 species representing 46 of the 54 currently recognized families and main clades of anurans, we describe 20 characters related to hand and foot muscles. Optimization of these characters on the most recent and inclusive phylogenetic hypothesis of Anura results in synapomorphies for several major clades (Bombinatoridae, Alytidae, Xenoanura + Acosmanura, Xenoanura, Pipidae, Acosmanura, Anomocoela, Scaphiopodidae, Pelodytidae + Pelobatidae + Megophryidae, Megophryidae, Neobatrachia, Heleophrynidae, Sooglossidae, Laurentobatrachia, Calyptocephalellidae, Myobatrachoidea, and Nobleobatrachia), including new, nonhomoplastic synapomorphies for clades previously supported only by molecular evidence and a few conflicting phenotypic characters (e.g., Acosmanura, Anomocoela, Neobatrachia). Additionally, we (1) address controversies regarding the homology of anuran and caudate muscles in the context of putative synapomorphies for Ascaphidae + Leiopelmatidae and its sister clade Lalagobatrachia; (2) evaluate a recently proposed terminology for anuran hand and foot musculature; (3) discuss the identities of several hand and foot muscles with problematic homologies; (4) establish a unified terminology for anuran hand and foot muscles, including a list of synonyms for all names employed in the literature; and (5) propose hypotheses for the origin of several myological novelties (neomorphs).
Subjects
Amphibians
,
Anatomy
,
Anura
,
Foot
,
Hand
,
Muscles
Call Number
QH1 .A4 no.443 2020
Language
English
Identifiers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090.443.1.1
OCLC:
1204100009
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