450 Miscellaneous. 



had a perfect zygomatic arch, which I had not before seen ; but 

 I was suffering too much pain at the time to pay more attention to 

 the subject, observing that most likely the skull belonged to Munis 

 Dalmanni, and that it might be distinct from M. Hodgsoni, with 

 which I had hitherto united it. 



Mr. Swinhoe left his specimens at the British Museum ; and I 

 have no doubt that the four from Amoy, which are of different ages, 

 are the skulls of the family of five which he purchased in Amoy in 

 June 1867, described in the ' Proceedings of the Zoological Society ' 

 for 1870, p. 650, and that the one from Formosa, which is of a 

 larger size, is the male specimen described in the same place, and 

 that the observation of Mr. Swinhoe, that "the Amoy and Formosan 

 adult skulls both have complete malar arches ; but in the skulls of 

 the Amoy young ones these gape aj)art, the unossified cartilage having 

 been cleaned away," is the true explanation of the absence of the 

 malar, Avhich most probably is present in all the species of the genus. 



On Marine Bryozoa. By Prof. E. CLArAREDE. 

 In the first Number of vol. xxi. of Siebold und Kulliker's * Zeit- 

 schrift,' Claparede, who, with the exception of Nitzsche, is the only 

 writer who has studied the Bryozoa since the publication of the 

 capital papers of Smitt, gives us most interesting contributions to 

 their histoiy. While on the main points he completely agrees with 

 the views taken by Smitt of the polymorphism of the species, their 

 mode of budding, and general embryonic development, yet in some 

 points not satisfactorily determined by "Smitt, such as the rela- 

 tions of the various cells (zooecia) to one another, the nature of 

 Smitt's " morka kroppar," dark bodies, and " fett kroppar," he has 

 new observations differing somewhat from those of Smitt. The 

 most interesting facts are those concerning a sort of retrograde de- 

 velopment, a resorption of the digestive cavity in the older cells, the 

 gradual disappearance of the lophophore, resulting in cells usually 

 considered as dead, but in reality having latent life, and where 

 alone the fatty bodies of Smitt, which play such an important part 

 in the embryology of Bryozoa, are developed. These cells apparently 

 pass through stages identical with those produced by budding at the 

 youngest extremity of the colony, with the difference that in one 

 case the cell is immature, Avhile in the other it is fully developed. 

 The resorption is freqiientlj' accompanied by peculiar changes in 

 these cells, and is confined to the older jDortions of the Bryozoan 

 colony in which the lateral connexion between the cells for exchange 

 of fluids between the cells provided with digestive cavities and those 

 cells containing latent life is very strikinglj' shown, thus forming a 

 complete circulation between the most distant parts of the colony. 

 He also confirms the nature of the colonial nervous system, first 

 traced by Fritz Miiller, and shows its existence among the Chilos- 

 tomata, where it had only been traced hj Smitt before. Claparede 

 closes this interesting paper by giving us the complete development 

 of JBugula, with larger, more accurate, and at the same time more 



