Phylogenetic relationships of Malaysia’s long-tailed macaques, Macaca fascicularis, based on cytochrome b sequences

By

Muhammad Abu Bakar, Abdul-Latiff
Ruslin, Farhani
Vun, Vui Fui
Abu, Mohd Hashim
Japning, Jeffrine Rovie Ryan
Abdul-Patah, pazil
Lakim, Maklarin
Roos, Christian
Yaakop, Salmah, 1978-
Md.-Zain, Badrul Munir.

Type

Article

Date of Publication

2014

Original Publication

ZooKeys

Volume

407

Pages

121-139

Subjects

cytochrome b , Long-tailed macaque , Macaca fascicularis , phylogenetic relationships

Contributed by

Pensoft Publishers

Language

English

Published by

Sofia, Bulgaria Pensoft Publishers

Identifiers

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.407.6982

 

Abstract

Phylogenetic relationships among Malaysia’s long-tailed macaques have yet to be established, despite abundant genetic studies of the species worldwide. The aims of this study are to examine the phylogenetic relationships of Macaca fascicularis in Malaysia and to test its classification as a morphological subspecies. A total of 25 genetic samples of M. fascicularis yielding 383 bp of Cytochrome b (Cyt b) sequences were used in phylogenetic analysis along with one sample each of M. nemestrina and M. arctoides used as outgroups. Sequence character analysis reveals that Cyt b locus is a highly conserved region with only 23% parsimony informative character detected among ingroups. Further analysis indicates a clear separation between populations originating from different regions; the Malay Peninsula versus Borneo Insular, the East Coast versus West Coast of the Malay Peninsula, and the island versus mainland Malay Peninsula populations. Phylogenetic trees (NJ, MP and Bayesian) portray a consistent clustering paradigm as Borneo’s population was distinguished from Peninsula’s population (98% and 100% bootstrap value in NJ and MP respectively and 1.00 posterior probability in Bayesian trees). The East coast population was separated from other Peninsula populations (100% in NJ and MP, 1.00 in Bayesian). West coast populations were divided into 2 clades: the North-South (54% in NJ, 45% in MP and 0.99 in Bayesian) and Island-Mainland (54% in NJ, 45% in MP and 0.99 in Bayesian). The results confirm the previous morphological assignment of 2 subspecies, M. f. fascicularis and M. f. argentimembris, in the Malay Peninsula. These populations should be treated as separate genetic entities in order to conserve the genetic diversity of Malaysia’s M. fascicularis. These findings are crucial in aiding the conservation management and translocation process of M. fascicularis populations in Malaysia.