Stiff upper lip: Labrum deformity and functionality in bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)

By

Orr, Michael
Tripodi, Amber

Type

Article

Date of Publication

2017

Original Publication

Journal of Hymenoptera research

Volume

57

Pages

89-101

Subjects

Anthophora , Apidae , Heliophila , Micranthophora , Morphology , physiology

Contributed by

Pensoft Publishers

Language

English

Published by

Washington, D.C International Society of Hymenopterists

Identifiers

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.57.12510

 

Abstract

In hyper-diverse groups such as Hymenoptera, a variety of structures with different, complementary functions are used for feeding. Although the function of the parts such as the mandibles is obvious, the use of others, like the labrum, are more difficult to discern. Here, we discuss the labrum’s function in bees, as well as the implications of deformities to this and associated characteristics.