A new genus of onchidiid slugs,WallaconchisGoulding & Dayrat,gen. n., is described, including ten species. Five species were previously described but known only from the type material:Wallaconchisater(Lesson, 1830),W.graniferum(Semper, 1880),W.nangkauriense(Plate, 1893),W.buetschlii(Stantschinsky, 1907), andW.gracile(Stantschinsky, 1907), all of which were originally classified inOnchidiumBuchannan, 1800. Many new records are provided for these five species, which greatly expand their known geographic distributions. Five species are new:WallaconchisachleitneriGoulding,sp. n.,W.comendadoriGoulding & Dayrat,sp. n.,W.melanesiensisGoulding & Dayrat,sp. n.,W.sinanuiGoulding & Dayrat,sp. n., andW.uncinusGoulding & Dayrat,sp. n.Nine of the tenWallaconchisspecies are found in the Coral Triangle (eastern Indonesia and the Philippines). Sympatry is high, with up to six species found on the island of Bohol (Philippines) and eight species overlapping in northern Sulawesi (Indonesia).Wallaconchisis distinguished from other onchidiids by its bright dorsal colors (red, yellow, orange) but those are extremely variable and not useful for specific identification. Internally, the reproductive system can be used to identify allWallaconchisspecies. The copulatory organs ofWallaconchisspecies are especially diverse compared to other onchidiid genera, and the possible role of reproductive incompatibility in species diversification is discussed. All specimens examined were freshly collected for the purpose of a worldwide revision of the Onchidiidae Rafinesque, 1815. The species are well delineated using DNA sequences and comparative anatomy. Mitochondrial DNA analysis yields thirteen molecular units separated by a large barcode gap, while nuclear DNA yields nine units. By integrating nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA with morphology, ten species are recognized. The natural history of each species (e.g., the microhabitat where they are found) is also documented. Nomenclature is addressed thoroughly (the types of all onchidiid species were examined, lectotypes were designated when needed,nomina dubiaare discussed). Morphological characters, transitions to new microhabitats, and diversification processes are discussed in the context of a robust molecular phylogeny.
