Overlooked gall-inducing moths revisited, with the description of Andescecidium parrai gen. et sp. n. and Oliera saizi sp. n. from Chile (Lepidoptera, Cecidosidae)

By

Silva, Gabriela
Moreira, Gilson Rudinei Pires
Vargas, Héctor A.
Gonçalves, Gislene Lopes, 1980-
Mainardi, Marina
San Blas, Germán
Davis, Donald R.

Type

Article

Date of Publication

2018

Original Publication

ZooKeys

Volume

795

Pages

127-157

Subjects

Anacardiaceae , Cecidosid moths , insect galls , Neotropical microlepidoptera , Schinus polygamus

Contributed by

Pensoft Publishers

Language

English

Published by

Sofia, Bulgaria Pensoft Publishers

Identifiers

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.795.27070

 

Abstract

There are still many gall systems associated with larvae of Lepidoptera in which the true gall-inducers have not been identified to species. Reports on misidentification of gall inducers have been recurrent for these galls, particularly in complex gall-systems that may include inquilines, kleptoparasites, and cecidophages, among other feeding guilds such as predators and parasitoid wasps. Here we describe and illustrate the adults, larvae, pupae and galls, based on light and scanning microscopy, ofAndescecidiumparraigen. et sp. n.andOlierasaizisp. n., two sympatric cecidosid moths that are associated withSchinuspolygamus(Cav.) Cabrera (Anacardiaceae) in central Chile. Adults, immatures, and galls of the former did not conform to any known cecidosid genus. Galls ofA.parraiare external, spherical, and conspicuous, being known for more than one century. However, their induction has been mistakenly associated with either unidentified Coleoptera (original description) orOlieraargentinanaBrèthes (recently), a distinct cecidosid species with distribution restricted to the eastern Andes. Galls ofO.saizihad been undetected, as they are inconspicuous. They occur under the bark within swollen stems, and may occur on the same plant, adjacent to those ofA.parrai. We also propose a time-calibrated phylogeny using sequences from mitochondrial and nuclear loci, including specimens of the new proposed taxa. Thus in addition to clarifying the taxonomy of the Chilean cecidosid species we also tested their monophyly in comparison to congeneric species and putative specimens of all genera of Neotropical and African cecidosids.