More than 200 colonies of the genusLongipeditermeswere collected in our field surveys across the Sundaland region of Southeast Asia from 1998 to 2014. Two species,L. kistneriAkhtar & Ahmad andL. logipesHolmgren, are recognized and redescribed with color photographs of the workers and major soldiers. We use variation in characters of soldier caste (head capsules, antennae, and pronotum) and worker caste (antennae and mandibles) to distinguish these two species.Longipeditermes kistneriseems to prefer high-altitude forests (above 1,000 m) and has so far been found exclusively in Java and Sumatra, whileL. logipesseems to prefer lowland and swamp forests and is widespread in the Greater Sundas.