A new species of scops-owl (Aves, Strigiformes, Strigidae, Otus) from Príncipe Island (Gulf of Guinea, Africa) and novel insights into the systematic affinities within Otus

By

Melo, Martim
Freitas, Bárbara
Verbelen, Philippe P.J.G.
Costa, Sátiro
Pereira, Hugo
Fuchs, Jérôme
Sangster, George
Correia, Marco Nunes
Lima, Ricardo F
Crottini, Angelica

Type

Article

Date of Publication

2022

Original Publication

ZooKeys

Volume

1126

Pages

1--54

Subjects

biodiversidade , Biodiversity , endemism , endemismo , exploração , Exploration , Golfo da Guiné , Gulf of Guinea , integrative taxonomy , Kitóli-do-príncipe , Mocho-do-príncipe , Otus bikegila sp. nov , Prin­cipe Scops-Owl , sistemática , systematics , taxonomia integrada

Contributed by

Pensoft Publishers

Language

English

Published by

Sofia, Bulgaria Pensoft Publishers

Identifiers

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1126.87635

 

Abstract

A new species of scops-owl (Aves, Strigiformes, Strigidae, Otus) is described from Príncipe Island, São Tomé and Príncipe (Gulf of Guinea, Africa). This species was discovered for science in 2016, although suspicions of its occurrence gained traction from 1998, and testimonies from local people suggesting its existence could be traced back to 1928. Morphometrics, plumage colour and pattern, vocalisations, and molecular evidence all support the species status of the scops-owl from Príncipe, which is described here as Otus bikegilasp. nov. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that this species descended from the first colonisation of the Gulf of Guinea islands, being sister to the clade including the mainland African Scops-Owl O. senegalensis, and the island endemics Sao Tome Scops-Owl O. hartlaubi and Pemba Scops-Owl O. pembaensis. The most diagnostic trait in the field is its unique call which, curiously, is most similar to a distantly related Otus species, the Sokoke Scops-Owl O. ireneae. The new species occurs at low elevations of the old-growth native forest of Príncipe, currently restricted to the south of the island but fully included within Príncipe Obô Natural Park. Otus bikegilasp. nov. takes the number of single-island endemic bird species of Príncipe to eight, further highlighting the unusually high level of bird endemism for an island of only 139 km2.