A new speciesLeioproctus zephyr(Hymenoptera: Colletidae) is described from both sexes.Leioproctus zephyrsp. nov.is remarkable in featuring a large longitudinal ridge on the clypeus. This diagnostic morphological feature present in both sexes, along with various other distinctive characters including the male genitalia, female hind-tibial spur, and glossa morphology, clearly distinguish this species from all otherLeioproctus. Along with these unique traits,L. zephyrcannot be classified into any of the existing subgenera ofLeioproctus, sharing some, but not all, of the characters of the subgeneraCeratocolletes,Charicolletes,ProtomorphaandOdontocolletes. DNA barcoding with the CO1 gene confirmed the sexes belonged to the same species and it did not match any previously barcoded species. This species is restricted to native vegetation remnants in the southwest Western Australian biodiversity hotspot, and is highly specialised, foraging only on a few species in the genusJacksonia(Fabaceae). The unusual clypeus may be an adaptation for foraging on the keeled papilionaceous flowers. The limited number of sites this species has been collected from and its oligolectic diet suggestL. zephyrshould be considered to be a species of conservation concern. Further taxonomic research is required to determine the phylogenetic position of this unusualLeioproctus.
