Guigarra cailaoensisis a member of family Cyprinidae, subfamily Labeoninae (Cypriniformes) which was recently discovered in southwestern China. Following its initial description, additional information on this species has remained notably scarce. In the current study, we assemble the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) ofG. cailaoensisusing the Illumina sequencing platform. The mitogenome is identified as a circular, double-stranded DNA sequence of 16,593 base pairs, encompassing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and a putative control region. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian-inference approaches were used to construct phylogenetic trees for three datasets: (i) PCG sequences of the complete mitogenome (dataset 1); (ii) PCG sequences of the complete mitogenome combined with nuclear DNA (ncDNA) (Rag1) sequence (dataset 2); and (iii) ncDNA (Rag1) sequences (dataset 3). Phylogenetic analyses positionG. cailaoensisas a sister taxon to the lineage consisting ofParaqianlabeo lineatusZhao, Sullivan, Zhang & Peng, 2014 andPseudogyrinocheilus prochilusFang, 1933 in dataset 1, and toPseudogyrinocheilus prochilusin dataset 2, species lacking an oral disc on the lower lip. However,G. cailaoensisshowed a close relationship to the lineage consisting ofDiscogobioandDiscocheilusin dataset 3, species possessing an oral disc on the lower lip. Nonetheless, a variety of species with an oral disc on the lower lip are clustered into different lineages across the three datasets that may indicate that the development of the oral disc is homoplastic within the subfamily Labeoninae. The outcomes of this study have the potential to support conservation efforts for this species and to enrich our understanding of genetic resources in the area.
