An eastern Congolian endemic, or widespread but secretive? New data on the recently described Afrixalus lacustris (Anura, Hyperoliidae) from the Democratic Republic of the Congo

By

Nečas, Tadeáš
Badjedjea, Gabriel
Czurda, Janis
Gvoždík, Václav, 1979-

Type

Article

Date of Publication

2025

Original Publication

ZooKeys

Volume

1224

Pages

55--68

Subjects

Afrotropics , bioacoustics , Central Africa , Distribution , Frogs , leaf-folding frogs , phylogeography , Reproduction , spiny reed frogs , tropical rainforests

Contributed by

Pensoft Publishers

Language

English

Published by

Sofia, Bulgaria Pensoft Publishers

Identifiers

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1224.128761

 

Abstract

The Great Lakes spiny reed frog (Afrixalus lacustris) was recently described from transitional (submontane) forests at mid-elevations of the Albertine Rift mountains in the eastern Congolian region. Previously, because of its similarity, it had been understood to represent eastern populations of the unrelated A. laevis, which is known mainly from Cameroon. Based on DNA barcoding, we document the westward extension of the known range of A. lacustris within lowland rainforests in the Northeastern and Central Congolian Lowland Forests. One sample was represented by a larva found in a clutch in a folded leaf, a typical oviposition type for most Afrixalus species, contrary to oviposition on an unfolded leaf surface in the similar A. laevis and closely related A. dorsimaculatus and A. uluguruensis. Comparison of the advertisement call of A. lacustris from Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo, indicates similarity to its sister species from montane areas of the Albertine Rift, the ghost spiny reed frog (A. phantasma). Phylogeographic analysis suggests that A. phantasma and A. lacustris speciated allopatrically during the Early Pleistocene, with the former having refugia in montane forests and the latter in transitional and also lowland forests. The lowland populations of A. lacustris represent distinct evolutionary lineages, which diversified probably in isolated forest refugia during the Middle Pleistocene.