A benchmark dataset of herbarium specimen images with label data

By

Dillen, Mathias
Groom, Quentin
Chagnoux, Simon
Güntsch, Anton
Hardisty, Alex
Haston, Elspeth
Livermore, Laurence
Runnel, Veljo
Schulman, Leif
Willemse, Luc
Wu, Zhengzhe
Phillips, Sarah

Type

Article

Date of Publication

2019-02-08

Original Publication

Biodiversity data journal

Volume

7

Pages

1--15

Contributed by

Pensoft Publishers

Language

English

Published by

Sofia Pensoft Publishers [2013]-

Identifiers

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.7.e31817
eLocator: e31817

 

Abstract

More and more herbaria are digitising their collections. Images of specimens are made available online to facilitate access to them and allow extraction of information from them. Transcription of the data written on specimens is critical for general discoverability and enables incorporation into large aggregated research datasets. Different methods, such as crowdsourcing and artificial intelligence, are being developed to optimise transcription, but herbarium specimens pose difficulties in data extraction for many reasons.<br> To provide developers of transcription methods with a means of optimisation, we have compiled a benchmark dataset of 1,800 herbarium specimen images with corresponding transcribed data. These images originate from nine different collections and include specimens that reflect the multiple potential obstacles that transcription methods may encounter, such as differences in language, text format (printed or handwritten), specimen age and nomenclatural type status. We are making these specimens available with a Creative Commons Zero licence waiver and with permanent online storage of the data. By doing this, we are minimising the obstacles to the use of these images for transcription training. This benchmark dataset of images may also be used where a defined and documented set of herbarium specimens is needed, such as for the extraction of morphological traits, handwriting recognition and colour analysis of specimens.