Integrating phylogeographic and phenotypic evidence to delimit deep evolutionary lineages in the Dryophytes japonicus species complex, with an assessment of their conservation needs

By

Borzée, Amaël
Jang, Yikweon
Othman, Siti N.
Groffen, Jordy
Maslova, Irina
Purevdorj, Zoljargal
Yasumiba, Kiyomi
Shimada, Tomohiko
Yi, Yoonjung
Schepina, Natalya Alekseevna
Andersen, Desiree
Bae, Yoonhyuk
Miura, Ikuo
Dufresnes, Christophe

Type

Article

Date of Publication

2025-2-7

Original Publication

Herpetozoa

Volume

38

Pages

25--42

Subjects

east Palearctic , Hylidae , septentrional Asia , taxonomy , treefrog

Contributed by

Pensoft Publishers

Language

English

Published by

Sofia, Bulgaria Pensoft Publishers

Identifiers

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.38.e137747

 

Abstract

Proper taxonomic and phylogeographic frameworks are a prerequisite in evolutionary, ecological, and conservation research, but many species still lack adequate assessments. Earlier studies on the northeast Asian treefrog, Dryophytes japonicus, identified a deep Mio-Pliocene diversification; however, phenotypic assessments were lacking, and the taxonomic identity of the identified clades is under debate. In this study, we assessed the genetic, genomic, morphological, and acoustic diversity and differentiation within the D. japonicus complex to propose taxonomic arrangements and assess taxon-specific threats for each defined clade. Analyses of four mtDNA genes and 42.8 kb nuclear loci obtained by RAD-sequencing (RAD-seq) confirmed two distinct species-level clades that diverged ~6 Mya, one provisionally assigned to D. japonicus in southern Japan and mainland Asia and the other unnamed (D. cf. japonicus) in northern Japan and adjacent Russian islands. According to the mitochondrial data, each species is further divided into two subclades of Pleistocene age that display differences in morphological and call properties that may represent candidate subspecies: D. j. japonicus in southwestern Japan and D. j. stepheni on the Asian mainland and two unnamed lineages in Central and Northern Japan for D. cf. japonicus. Phenotypic differentiation between populations was only partly linked to their phylogenetic relationships. Finally, despite the relatively narrow ranges of many lineages, none crosses the threshold to be currently listed as threatened. The conservation of the diversity of the D. japonicus complex will necessarily require proper population monitoring and additional investigations to evaluate whether the unnamed delimited lineages merit taxonomic descriptions.