Environmental pollutants-dependent molecular pathways and carcinogenesis

By

El Helou, Myriam
Cohen, Pascale A.
Diab-Assaf, Mona
Ghayad, Sandra

Type

Article

Date of Publication

2019-2-21

Original Publication

Biodiscovery

Volume

22

Pages

1--30

Subjects

AhR , carcinogenesis , endocrine disruptors , environmental pollutants , genotoxic , GPER1

Contributed by

Pensoft Publishers

Language

English

Published by

Newport on Tay Scottish Science Press

Identifiers

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/biodiscovery.22.e29242

 

Abstract

Exposure to environmental pollutants can modulate many biological and molecular processes such as gene expression, gene repair mechanisms, hormone production and function and inflammation, resulting in adverse effects on human health including the occurrence and development of different types of cancer. Carcinogenesis is a complex and long process, taking place in multiple stages and is affected by multiple factors. Some environmental molecules are genotoxic, able to damage the DNA or to induce mutations and changes in gene expression acting as initiators of carcinogenesis. Other molecules called xenoestrogens can promote carcinogenesis by their mitogenic effects by possessing estrogenic-like activities and consequently acting as endocrine disruptors causing multiple alterations in cellular signal transduction pathways. In this review, we focus on recent research on environmental chemicals-driven molecular functions in human cancers. For this purpose, we will be discussing the case of two receptors in mediating environmental pollutants effects: the established nuclear receptor, the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the emerging membrane receptor, G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1).