An evidence-based protocol for developing lists for tree planting

By

Potgieter, Luke
Cadotte, Marc W.
Kumschick, Sabrina, 1985-
Paap, Trudy
Roets, Francois
Wilson, John Ross
Richardson, David

Type

Article

Date of Publication

2025-11-19

Original Publication

NeoBiota : advancing research on alien species and biological invasions

Volume

104

Pages

113--137

Subjects

Alien species , Biological invasions , ecosystem services , Euwallacea fornicatus , green infrastructure , Neocosmospora euwallaceae , pest management , tree invasions , Tree planting , treescapes , urban greening

Contributed by

Pensoft Publishers

Language

English

Published by

Sophia, Bulgaria Pensoft Publishers

Identifiers

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.104.156206

 

Abstract

Tree-planting is increasingly being promoted for urban greening, carbon sequestration, and to enhance biodiversity. However, poorly planned and executed tree-planting schemes can inadvertently contribute to biological invasions with detrimental effects on local ecosystems, economies, and human well-being. Therefore, sustainable, rigorous, repeatable, and transparent species selection strategies are needed.<br> We developed a strategic decision protocol for identifying tree taxa suitable for planting schemes, using a multi-criterion approach that integrates national lists of regulated invasive plant species, global evidence of invasiveness, and susceptibility to key pests. Using the Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer (PSHB) invasion in the City of Cape Town, South Africa as a case study, we illustrate the protocol’s application and potential for informing planting decisions.<br> 444 tree taxa currently planted in Cape Town were assessed. Of these, 85 are regulated nationally as invasive species (and are prohibited from use), while 49 met all suitability criteria and were identified as candidates for a planting list (i.e., a safe list).<br> This protocol provides evidence-based guidance for tree-planting to mitigate the risk of tree invasions and to reduce the spread and impact of associated pests and pathogens. This protocol is replicable and adaptable for use in other regions and can support environmental planners and managers in making informed decisions to safeguard ecosystems and optimise ecosystem services (e.g., which trees to plant in restoration initiatives).